Achmed the dead terrorist and humor in popular geopolitics     

Darren Purcell  Melissa Scott Brown  Mahmut Gokmen 《GeoJournal》2010,75(4):373-385

The critical geopolitics literature has engaged popular culture and media in many forms, usually focused on mass media or elite-produced niche media. The issue of humor as a form of popular culture with geopolitical content has been explored only recently by geographers. This paper utilizes disposition theory, with its emphasis on social context, to link humor and geopolitical analyses of humor. The analysis of two Jeff Dunham comedy skits centering on the character Achmed the Dead Terrorist demonstrates the utility of disposition theory as a construct to situate humor in the context of its original production and as a fluid, global phenomenon that is shared through various social networks via the Internet.  相似文献   

Time-resolved spectroscopy of the sdBV V338 Serpentis     

R. H. Østensen  J. H. Telting  R. Oreiro  U. Heber  E. De Beck  M. Reed 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2010,329(1-2):167-174

We obtained 1955 high-resolution spectra of the high-amplitude pulsating subdwarf B star V338 Ser with the FIES spectrograph at the 2.5 m Nordic Optical Telescope covering 4 full nights in May–June 2009. Here we present the first results from phase-folding the data on the main pulsation mode, as revealed by simultaneous B-band photometry obtained with the Mercator 1.25 m and Baker 0.4 m telescopes. We compare the results with a sample line-profile model produced with LTE atmospheres and bruce+kylie.  相似文献   

A 3000-year varved record of glacier activity and climate change from the proglacial lake Hvítárvatn,Iceland     

Darren J. Larsen  Gifford H. Miller  Áslaug Geirsdóttir  Thorvaldur Thordarson 《Quaternary Science Reviews》2011,30(19-20):2715-2731

A suite of environmental proxies in annually laminated sediments from Hvítárvatn, a proglacial lake in the central highlands of Iceland, are used to reconstruct regional climate variability and glacial activity for the past 3000 years. Sedimentological analysis is supported by tephrostratigraphy to confirm the continuous, annual nature of the laminae, and a master varve chronology places proxies from multiple lake cores in a secure geochronology. Varve thickness is controlled by the rate of glacial erosion and efficiency of subglacial discharge from the adjacent Langjökull ice cap. The continuous presence of glacially derived clastic varves in the sediment fill confirms that the ice cap has occupied the lake catchment for the duration of the record. Varve thickness, varve thickness variance, ice-rafted debris, total organic carbon (mass flux and bulk concentration), and C:N of sedimentary organic matter, reveal a dynamic late Holocene climate with abrupt and large-scale changes in ice-cap size and landscape stability. A first-order trend toward cooler summers and ice-cap expansion is punctuated by notable periods of rapid ice cap growth and/or landscape instability at ca 1000 BC, 600 BC, 550 AD and 1250 AD. The largest perturbation began ca 1250 AD, signaling the onset of the Little Ice Age and the termination of three centuries of relative warmth during Medieval times. Consistent deposition of ice-rafted debris in Hvítárvatn is restricted to the last 250 years, demonstrating that Langjökull only advanced into Hvítárvatn during the coldest centuries of the Little Ice Age, beginning in the mid eighteenth century. This advance represents the glacial maximum for at least the last 3 ka, and likely since regional deglaciation 10 ka. The multi-centennial response of biological proxies to the Hekla 3 tephra deposition illustrates the significant impact of large explosive eruptions on local environments, and catchment sensitivity to perturbations.  相似文献   

Analysis and modeling of a tropical-like cyclonein the Mediterranean Sea     

R. J. Reed  Y.-H. Kuo  M. D. Albright  K. Gao  Y.-R. Guo  W. Huang 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2001,76(3-4):183-202

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The response of coastal marshes to sea-level rise: Survival or submergence?     

Denise J. Reed 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1995,20(1):39-48

In order to maintain an elevation in the intertidal zone at which marsh vegetation can survive, vertical accretion of the marsh surface must take place at a rate at least equal to the rate of relative sea-level rise. Net vertical accretion of coastal marshes is a result of interactions between tidal imports, vegetation and depositional processes. All of these factors are affected, directly or indirectly, by alterations in marsh hydrology which might occur as a result of sea-level rise. The overall response of coastal marshes to relative sea-level rise depends upon the relative importance of the inorganic and organic components of the marsh soil and the impact of increased hydroperiod on net accumulation. The varied combination of factors contributing to sediment supply, and their complexity at the scale of individual marshes, means that predicting the response of suspended sediment concentration in marsh floodwater to any changes which may occur as a result of sea-level rise, at anything other than the local scale is unlikely to be accurate. The impact of sea-level rise on net below-ground production is also complex. The sensitivity of certain species to waterlogging and soil chemical changes could result in a change in species composition or the migration of vegetation zones. Consequently, predicting the net impact of sea-level rise on organic matter accumulation is fraught with difficulties and requires improved understanding of interactions between vegetation, soil and hydrologic processes.  相似文献   

Formation of regolith-collapse sinkholes in southern Illinois: Interpretation and identification of associated buried cavities     

S. V. Panno  C. P. Wiebel  P. C. Heigold  P. C. Reed 《Environmental Geology》1994,23(3):214-220

Three regolith-collapse sinkholes formed near the Dongola Unit School and the Pentecostal Church in the southern Illinois village of Dongola (Union County) during the spring of 1993. The sinkholes appeared over a three-month period that coincided with development of a new municipal well. The new well was drilled through clay-rich, valley-fill sediment into karstified limestone bedrock. The piezometric surface of the limestone aquifer is above land surface, indicating the presence of an upward hydraulic gradient in the valley and that the valley fill is acting as a confining unit. Pumping during development of the well lowered the piezometric surface of the limestone aquifer to an elevation below the base of the valley fill. It is hypothesized that drainage of water from the sediments, the resulting loss of hydrostatic pressure and buoyant force in overlying sediments, increased intergranular pressure, and the initiation of groundwater flow toward the well resulted in rapid sediment transport, subsurface erosion, and collapse of the valley-fill sediment. The sinkholes follow an approximately east-west alignment, which is consistent with one of the two dominant alignments of passages of nearby joint-controlled caves. A constant electrode-separation resistivity survey of the school playground was conducted to locate areas that might contain incipient sinkholes. The survey revealed a positive resistivity anomaly trending N75E in the southern part of the study area. The anomaly is linear, between 5 and 10 m wide, and its trend either intersects or is immediately adjacent to the three sinkholes. The anomaly is interpreted to be a series of pumping-induced cavities in the valley-fill sediments that formed over a preexisting crevice in the karstified bedrock limestone.  相似文献   

Lithium tracer-diffusion in an alkali-basaltic melt — An ion-microprobe determination     

R.K. Lowry  S.J.B. Reed  J. Nolan  P. Henderson  J.V.P. Long 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1981,53(1):36-40

An ion-microprobe-based technique has been used to measure lithium tracer-diffusion coefficients (D_Li) in an alkali-basaltic melt at 1300, 1350 and 1400°C. The results can be expressed in the form:D_Li=7.5 ×10^?2exp(?27,600/RT)cm²S^?1The results show significantly faster diffusion rates than those previously recorded for other monovalent, divalent and trivalent cations in a tholeiitic melt. Consequently, diffusive transport of ions acting over a given time in a basaltic melt can produce a wider range of transport distance values than hitherto supposed. Hence, it is concluded that great care should be exercised when applying diffusion data to petrological problems.  相似文献   

Lithium diffusion in silicate melts     

G.J. Cunningham  P. Henderson  R.K. Lowry  J. Nolan  S.J.B. Reed  J.V.P. Long 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1983,65(1):203-205

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Calculation of multicomponent chemical equilibria and reaction processes in systems involving minerals,gases and an aqueous phase   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Mark H Reed 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1982,46(4):513-528

The compositional characteristics of many geochemical systems which involve the interaction of natural aqueous solutions with minerals and gases are conveniently described using the following thermodynamic components: Cl^?, SO₄⁼, HS^?, CO₃⁼, H⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Ca⁺⁺, Mg⁺⁺, Fe⁺⁺, Zn⁺⁺, Cu⁺, Al⁺⁺⁺, SiO₂ and H₂O. A set of mass balance and mass action equations equal in number to the number of components plus the number of saturated minerals (and gases) is defined for a specified temperature, pressure and bulk composition. The mass balance equations include terms for minerals, gases and the molalities of aqueous complexes and dissociated species. This set of non-linear equations can be solved with the aid of a computer using'a Newton-Raphson technique. The calculation takes account of aqueous ion complexing, oxidation-reduction equilibria, activity coefficients, non-unit water activity and solid solutions. The use of H⁺, SO₄⁼, HS^? and H₂O as components allows straightforward treatment of processes involving oxidation-reduction, evaporation, boiling and changes of total aqueous H⁺ due to hydrolysis, mineral reaction or temperature change. One product of this approach is a technique for calculating pH at high temperature from measurement of pH at room temperature.By linking a series of discrete overall heterogeneous equilibrium calculations in which incremental changes of bulk composition, temperature or pressure are made, dynamic geochemical processes can be modeled. Example calculations for two such processes are given. These are the heating of seawater from 25° to 300°C and the isothermal irreversible reaction of rhyolite with an aqueous solution at 250°C.  相似文献   

Citation I Biogeochemistry of Mono Lake,California     

Walter E. Reed 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1979,43(3):446

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