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排序方式: 共有114条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Mathematical Geosciences - This paper introduces a novel method using an adaptive functional basis for reduced order models based on proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). The method is intended to... 相似文献
93.
We formulate rate equations for the reaction network coupling H, H–, H+, H2, and H2
+. We attempt to systematize the notation, and to write the equations in a form suitable for modern computational methods of handling the coupled rate equations and radiative transfer equations, for both dynamical and static atmospheres. We have accounted for more processes than are generally considered in most current work; some of these may have an impact on the equilibrium of H– (hence its opacity) and on charge conservation (hence the proton density) in the atmospheres of solar-type stars.Operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. under Contract AST 78-17292 with the National Science Foundation.The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. 相似文献
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Dimitri A Sverjensky 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2003,67(1):17-28
A standard state commonly used for the activities of surface sites and surface species is the hypothetical 1.0 Molar standard state, which is implied by the use of molarity-based equilibrium constants. An undesirable practical consequence is that the magnitudes of such equilibrium constants are directly dependent on properties of the solid sorbent such as the site density and surface area. For reactions forming binuclear complexes, the magnitudes of the equilibrium constants even depend on the amount of solid. Although widely used, such equilibrium constants cannot be directly compared with each other without correction for differences in the properties or the amount of the solid. In the present study, new more general and useful standard states are proposed, leading to equilibrium constants independent of the surface area, site density, and the amount of the solid sorbent. Analytical relationships between the old and the new standard states enable conversion of equilibrium constants from one standard state to the other. These results have implications for several different types of surface complexation studies, including studies that correlate and compare equilibrium adsorption constants for different solids, sensitivity-analysis studies of the fitting of surface charge data as functions of pH and ionic strength, and studies employing correlations involving aqueous equilibrium constants for the purpose of predicting equilibrium constants for surface reactions. 相似文献
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Kennedy Munyikwa Peter Van Den Haute Dimitri Vandenberghe Frans De Corte 《Journal of African Earth Sciences》2000,30(4):199
Thermoluminescence (TL) dating, has been applied to 10 samples from the æolian Kalahari Sands of western Zimbabwe using the total bleach (additive dose) and regeneration techniques on coarse-grain quartz separates. The results suggest that the main phases of sand accumulation occurred between 10 and 96 ka. This Upper Pleistocene age is consistent with current opinions and argues against an important period of Holocene æolian activity. The oldest sands were found in the Victoria Falls area where they overlie a ferricrete horizon. Based on our age determinations, we were able to constrain the age of this horizon to between 96±8 and 160±23 ka, which approximately coincides with the Last Integlaciation in the high latitudes. The youngest ages were obtained for sands from the southeastern part of the Hwange dune field but our limited sampling permits assigning only a minimum age of ca 20 ka to the ferricrete horizon observed in this area. Thus, we cannot ascertain if this ferricrete horizon is isochronous with the one at Victoria Falls or if it developed during a younger humid phase.Dune building activity most probably occurred in recurrent cycles of aridity interspersed with periods during which æolian activity was limited or non-existent. Unfortunately, besides the ferricrete horizons, no other stratigraphical evidence of climatic fluctuation has been observed in the study area. However, it is possible that palæosols have been entirely eroded before the subsequent deposition of new sediment, resulting in an incomplete stratigraphical record. The possibilities and limitations of luminescence dating for elucidating phases of climatic fluctuation in such situations are discussed briefly. In addition, we noticed serious discrepancies between the results yielded by the different techniques that were used for determining the dose rate. Hence, further work is needed to validate the accuracy of our dose rate measurements that may cause our TL ages to be about 30% too young. 相似文献
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Dimitri A. Gadotti Guinevere Kauffmann 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,399(2):621-627
Using results from structural analysis of a sample of nearly 1000 local galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, we estimate how the mass in central black holes is distributed amongst elliptical galaxies, classical bulges and pseudo-bulges, and investigate the relation between their stellar masses and central stellar velocity dispersion σ. Assuming a single relation between elliptical galaxy/bulge mass, M Bulge , and central black hole mass, M BH , we find that 55+8 −4 per cent of the mass in black holes in the local universe is in the centres of elliptical galaxies, 41+4 −2 per cent in classical bulges and 4+0.9 −0.4 per cent in pseudo-bulges. We find that ellipticals, classical bulges and pseudo-bulges follow different relations between their stellar masses and σ, and the most significant offset occurs for pseudo-bulges in barred galaxies. This structural dissimilarity leads to discrepant black hole masses if single M BH – M Bulge and M BH –σ relations are used. Adopting relations from the literature, we find that the M BH –σ relation yields an estimate of the total mass density in black holes that is roughly 55 per cent larger than if the M BH – M Bulge relation is used. 相似文献
100.