Everyday realities of climate change adaptation in Mozambique     

Luis Artur  Dorothea Hilhorst 《Global Environmental Change》2012,22(2):529-536

This paper analyzes discourses and practices of flood response and adaptation to climate change in Mozambique. It builds on recent publications on climate change adaptation that suggest that the successes and failures of adaptation highly depend on the cultural and political realms of societal perceptions and the sensitivity of institutions. To capture this, the paper adopted a multi-sited ethnographic approach. Acknowledging that there is no central locus of representation that can unveil the working of disaster response in Mozambique, the paper brings together five vignettes of research in different ‘sites’ of concern to the rise in floods in Mozambique. These are the politics of climate change adaptation at the national institutional level, societal responses to increased flooding, local people's responses to floods, the evacuation and resettlement programme following the 2007 flood. The paper finds how adaptation to climate change becomes part of everyday politics, how actors aim to incorporate responses into the continuation of their normal behavior and how elites are better positioned to take advantage of adaptation programmes than the vulnerable people that were targeted. It argues that climate change adaptation must be made consonant with historically grown and ongoing social and institutional processes. It concludes with lessons that the analysis and methodology of the research can provide for the practice of climate change adaptation.  相似文献   

The need for scientific rigour and accountability in flood mapping to better support disaster response     

Guy J.‐P. Schumann 《水文研究》2019,33(24):3138-3142

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Sinusoidal variables from the Tycho Epoch Photometry Annex     

Chris Koen  Robert Schumann 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1999,310(3):618-628

The Tycho Epoch Photometry Annex A, a data base of photometry of more than 34 000 bright stars, has been searched for periodic variable stars with approximately sinusoidal light curves. Advantage was taken of special properties of the observing programme (photometry in two wavebands, availability of repeated measurements) to use simple but efficient variable selection criteria. Details of 70 strong candidate variables are presented.  相似文献   

Radiative forcing by contrails     

R. Meerkötter  U. Schumann  D. R. Doelling  P. Minnis  T. Nakajima  Y. Tsushima 《Annales Geophysicae》1999,17(8):1080-1094

A parametric study of the instantaneous radiative impact of contrails is presented using three different radiative transfer models for a series of model atmospheres and cloud parameters. Contrails are treated as geometrically and optically thin plane parallel homogeneous cirrus layers in a static atmosphere. The ice water content is varied as a function of ambient temperature. The model atmospheres include tropical, mid-latitude, and subarctic summer and winter atmospheres. Optically thin contrails cause a positive net forcing at top of the atmosphere. At the surface the radiative forcing is negative during daytime. The forcing increases with the optical depth and the amount of contrail cover. At the top of the atmosphere, a mean contrail cover of 0.1% with average optical depth of 0.2 to 0.5 causes about 0.01 to 0.03 Wm⁻² daily mean instantaneous radiative forcing. Contrails cool the surface during the day and heat the surface during the night, and hence reduce the daily temperature amplitude. The net effect depends strongly on the daily variation of contrail cloud cover. The indirect radiative forcing due to particle changes in natural cirrus clouds may be of the same magnitude as the direct one due to additional cover.  相似文献   

Exploiting the proliferation of current and future satellite observations of rivers   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

G. J.‐P. Schumann  A. Domeneghetti 《水文研究》2016,30(16):2891-2896

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Estimating uncertainty associated with water stages from a single SAR image     

Guy Schumann  Florian Pappenberger  Patrick Matgen 《Advances in water resources》2008

It is the goal of remote sensing to infer information about objects or a natural process from a remote location. This invokes that uncertainty in measurement should be viewed as central to remote sensing. In this study, the uncertainty associated with water stages derived from a single SAR image for the Alzette (G.D. of Luxembourg) 2003 flood is assessed using a stepped GLUE procedure. Main uncertain input factors to the SAR processing chain for estimating water stages include geolocation accuracy, spatial filter window size, image thresholding value, DEM vertical precision and the number of river cross sections at which water stages are estimated. Initial results show that even with plausible parameter values uncertainty in water stages over the entire river reach is 2.8 m on average. Adding spatially distributed field water stages to the GLUE analysis following a one-at-a-time approach helps to considerably reduce SAR water stage uncertainty (0.6 m on average) thereby identifying appropriate value ranges for each uncertain SAR water stage processing factor. For the GLUE analysis a Nash-like efficiency criterion adapted to spatial data is proposed whereby acceptable SAR model simulations are required to outperform a simpler regression model based on the field-surveyed average river bed gradient. Weighted CDFs for all factors based on the proposed efficiency criterion allow the generation of reliable uncertainty quantile ranges and 2D maps that show the uncertainty associated with SAR-derived water stages. The stepped GLUE procedure demonstrated that not all field data collected are necessary to achieve maximum constraining. A possible efficient way to decide on relevant locations at which to sample in the field is proposed. It is also suggested that the resulting uncertainty ranges and flood extent or depth maps may be used to evaluate 1D or 2D flood inundation models in terms of water stages, depths or extents. For this, the extended GLUE approach, which copes with the presence of uncertainty in the observed data, may be adopted.  相似文献   

Fluvial sedimentary history of Arlington Canyon,Channel Islands National Park,California     

R. Randall Schumann  Jeffrey S. Pigati 《第四纪科学杂志》2019,34(7):499-508

Arlington Canyon, in the northwest part of Santa Rosa Island, Channel Islands National Park, California, has been the setting for important scientific discoveries over the past half century, including the oldest human remains in North America, several vertebrate fossil sites, and purported evidence of a catastrophic extinction event at the end of the Pleistocene. The canyon is filled with alluvial sediments that date to between 16.4 and 1.1 ka (thousands of calibrated years before present), representing accumulation that occurred primarily in response to rising sea levels during the late Pleistocene and Holocene. The deposits are laterally discontinuous, exhibit a high degree of sedimentary complexity, and contain evidence of past climates and environments, including fossil bones, burned plant macrofossils, and invertebrate microfossils. Here, we show that it is critical to view the observations, data, and conclusions of scientific studies conducted in the canyon within this larger context so that localized facets of the spatially and temporally extensive alluvial deposits are not misinterpreted or misrepresented. By improving the baseline understanding of processes and drivers of sediment accumulation in Arlington Canyon, we hope to offer a solid foundation and better underpinning for future archeological, paleontological, and geochemical studies here and throughout the northern Channel Islands. Published 2019. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.  相似文献   

A variable turbidity maximum in the Kennebec estuary, Maine     

Dorothea A. Kistner  Neal R. Pettigrew 《Estuaries and Coasts》2001,24(5):680-687

A turbidity maximum has been observed in the Kennebec estuary during mode rate and low flow conditions near the upstream limit of salinity intrusion. Hydrographic, ADCP, and transmissometer data were collected at different river flow levels and seasons during 1995–1998. The location of the tip of the salt intrusion changes dramatically and during high runoff may be flushed from the channel of the estuary along with the accumulated particles in the turbidity maximum. It is hypothesized that the estuarine turbidity maximum (ETM) was absent 18% of the time with occurrences in all seasons during 1993–1999 based on river flow volumes from the Kennebec and Androscoggin Rivers throughout the study period. When the flow is moderate and low, which occurred 73% of the time on average, a region of high turbidity can be found as far as 40 km upstream of the mouth. Suspended particulate loads are low in the ETM, on the order of tens of mg l⁻¹ and may vary with the length of time that the ETM has been present.  相似文献   

Study of annual mass balance(2011–2013) of Rikha Samba Glacier,Hidden Valley,Mustang, Nepal     

Sanjaya Gurung  Bikas C. Bhattarai  Rijan B. Kayasth  Dorothea Stumm  Sharad P. Joshi  Pradeep K. Mool 《寒旱区科学》2016,8(4):311-318

Although Himalayan glaciers are of particular interest in terms of future water supplies, regional climate changes, and sea-level rises, little is known about them due to lack of reliable and consistent data. There is a need for monitoring these glaciers to bridge this knowledge gap and to provide field measurements necessary to calibrate and validate the results from different remote sensing operations. Therefore, glaciological observations have been carried out by the Cryosphere Monitoring Project(CMP) since September 2011 on Rikha Samba Glacier in Hidden valley, Mustang district in western Nepal in order to study its annual mass balance. This paper presents the first results of that study. There are 10 glaciers in Hidden Valley, named G1, G2, G3, up to G10. Of these, G5 is the Rikha Samba Glacier, which has the largest area(5.37 km2) in this valley and the highest and lowest altitudes(6,476 and 5,392 m a.s.l., respectively). The glacier mass balance discussed in this paper was calculated using the glaciological method and the equilibrium line altitude(ELA). The glacier showed a negative annual point mass balance along the longitudinal profile of its lower part from September 10, 2011 to October 3, 2012. Stake measurements from October 4, 2012 to September 30, 2013 indicated a negative areal average of annual mass balance-0.088±0.019 m w.e. for the whole glacier. Based on these observations, the ELA of the Rikha Samba Glacier is estimated at 5,800 m a.s.l. in 2013. This negative balance may be due to rising air temperatures in the region, which have been incrementally rising since 1980 accompanied by little or no significant increase in precipitation in that period. The negative mass balance confirms the general shrinking trend of the glacier.  相似文献   

Über den schwermineralgehalt der von P. Sabban untersuchten heidesandproben     

Hilmar Schumann 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1950,2(3):189-194

Zusammenfassung P. Sabban hat in einer 1897 erschienen Arbeit von 76 Sanden aus der südwestlichen Mecklenburgischen Heide genaue Zahlenwerte über Korngrße und Schwermineralgehalt nebst geologischen Vorkommensangaben veröffentlicht, ohne jedoch diese Datensammlung irgendwie weiter auszuwerten. Eine solche Auswertung auf statistischer Grundlage ist hier durchgeführt. Die Sande bestehen im wesentlichen aus 2 Korngrößen: 0,5–0,15 mm (d) und < 0,15 mm (e). Am häufigsten sind Sande mit d:e = 1:l. Der Schwermineralgehalt (s) ist im Mittel 0,95%.s sinkt mit steigendemd. Alle Sande mitd/e > 2 1/2 habens < 1. Bei den 47 als jüngstes Übergewehtes bezeichneten Sanden sind die Typen mitd > e häufiger. Diese zeigen ein geringeress (0,S). Die selteneren mitd <e haben ein mittlerss von 1,3. Im Mittel hat die ganze Gruppe gleichens-Gehalt wie die Dünen- und Heidesande. Es dürfte sich um eine Windsortierung handeln, bei welcher ein feinkörnigerer Anteil mit relativ höherem Schwermineralgehalt ausgeblasen wurde. Die sicher wassersortierten Talsande der Niederung um Dömitz und Boizenburg haben niedriges-Werte (0,3–0,8), die übergewehten Sande auf dem alten Diluvialplateau bei Lübthen höheres-Werte und feineres Korn. Nebenbei wird vergleichsweise aus Messungen des Verfassers die Schwermineralmenge des Strandsandes von Warnemünde als in Übereinstimmung stehend mit derjenigen des Geschiebemergels, von dem jener genetisch abzuleiten ist, nachgewiesen.  相似文献