A remote controlled freeze corer for sampling unconsolidated surface sediments     

A. F. Lotter  I. Renberg  H. Hansson  R. Stöckli  M. Sturm 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1997,59(4):295-303

A new coring device is presented which allows the recovery of loose watery surface sediments and the water/sediment interface byin situ freezing, resulting in well preserved samples. The instrument consists of a tripod with adjustable legs, a hydraulic system, an insulated thermos (with two electrical pumps), and a wedge-shaped freeze box. Alcohol chilled with dry ice is the freezing agent. The corer can be deployed from a boat or a raft and permits recovery of undisturbed surface sediment sections up to 100 cm long in deep waters. The corer is particularly useful for sampling varved sediments.  相似文献   

The future economic role of European Marginal seas: The pontus     

H. -D. Knauth  F. Schroeder  R. Sturm 《GeoJournal》1992,27(2):228-228

Reports

The future economic role of European Marginal seas: The pontus  相似文献   

Automatische Messungen und Probennahme von Schadstoffen in Ästuarien und Küstengewässern     

Dr. H. -D. Knauth  Dr. F. Schroeder  Dr. R. Sturm 《Ocean Dynamics》1991,44(5-6):407-408

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Beziehungen zwischen überlagerten tektonischen Gefügen und Deckenbewegung in den Apuaner Alpen (Nord-Toskana)     

Prof. Dr. Konrad Günther  Ass.- Prof. Dr. Eckard Wallbrecher 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1979,68(1):172-194

Zusammenfassung Die tektonischen Einheiten der Apuaner Alpen zeigen sowohl makroskopische als auch mesoskopische axiale Gefüge mit NW-SE-Orientierung, die der apenninischen Richtung entsprechen. In den ältesten Gesteinen des autochthonen Kerns überlagert diese Richtung Relikte eines früheren linearen Systems mit bevorzugtem NE-SW-Streichen. Dieses ältere System ist auf Phyllitserien beschränkt, welche in Marmorlagen paläozoische Faunen führen (VAI 1972). Sein Entstehungsalter muß demnach präalpidisch sein.Während der Hauptorogenese des Nordapennins erfolgte die stärkste Einengung und der tektonische Transport in SW-NE-Richtung. Dabei wurde die Zone von Massa von SW her auf den internen Teil des Autochthons aufgeschoben und gleichzeitig in ihr ein lineares System mit apenninischer Streichrichtung erzeugt. Das präalpidische Axial-System wurde um die apenninische Richtung rotiert und es entstanden Lineare mit steilerem Einfallen und einer charakteristischen Verteilung auf einem steilen Teilgürtel im Gefügediagramm. Die Platznahme der parautochthonen Schuppen (Campo Cecina, Isola Santa und Stazzema) erfolgte zur gleichen Zeit. Ihr Herkunftsgebiet kann die Zone von Massa gewesen sein.Die Schieferungsflächen des Autochthons wurden, entsprechend der stress-Verteilung, ursprünglich mit einer SW-Vergenz angelegt. Im Verlauf der Orogenese rotierten sie, parallel zu B, in eine steilere Lage. Schließlich entstanden NE-vergente Foliationen mit tautozonaler Anordnung zu B, die offenbar durch die Überschiebung der Toskanischen Decke nach NE erzeugt wurden. Die schwache Faltung und die (Ton-)Schieferung in den inkompetenten Horizonten dieser Decke zeigen dieselbe stress-Verteilung.

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In macroscopic and mesoscopic scale the entire Apuane Alps (allochthonous and autochthonous parts) show an axial pattern with NW-SE orientation which is conform to the Apenninic direction. In the oldest layers of the center of the autochthonous core, this direction superimposes remnants of an older linear system with a preferred NE-SW direction. This system is limited to schists which contain palaeozoic layers (VAI 1972). Its age, therefore, must be pre-Alpidic.During the orogenesis of the Apennine mountain chain the direction of the main pressure was SW-NE. This caused an upthrusting of the Massa Zone on the autochthonous part with movements in NE direction. The Apennine direction of fold axes was then established in the Massa Zone. The pre-Alpidic system of linears was rotated around the Apennine direction and linears with a steeper plunge and a characteristic steep girdle distribution originated. The emplacement of the parautochthonous schuppen zones of Campo Cecina, Isola Santa and Stazzema took place in the same time; the Massa Zone might even be the origin of these thrust slices.The schistosity planes in the autochthonous part generated with a primary SW vergence (sf₁-planes parallel to B-axes which also show a NW orientation) according to the distribution of stress. In the course of orogenesis the schistosity planes rotated into steeper positions, still parallel to B. Finally, probably together with the movement of the Tuscan nappe towards the NE, the foliation systems tautozonal to B with vergences into NE direction resulted which now predominate. The weak folding and the slaty cleavage system in the Tuscan nappe reproduces the same pattern of stress distribution.it]Riassunto In scala macro e mesoscopica tutte le parti alloctone (falda toscana), parautoctone (zona di Massa, zone a scaglie di Stazzema, Isola Santa e Campo Cecina, unità delle Panie) e autoctone (autoctono Apuano) mostrano una distribuzione assiale orientata in direzione NW-SE, che corrisponde alla direzione generale dell'Appennino settentrionale. Nelle formazioni più antiche (Paleozoico) del nucleo autoctono, questa direzione è sovrapposta a relitti di un sistema precedente con direzione predominante NE-SW. Questo sistema si riconosce su filladi quarzifere e scisti sericitico-cloritici, che contengono una fauna paleozoica in dolomie e marmi intercalati (Vai 1972); la sua età quindi deve considerarsi prealpidica.Durante l'orogenesi principale dell'Appennino settentrionale la pressione maggiore, dovuta al trasporto tettonico, si manifestava in direzione SW-NE. Con questo movimento si verifica un accavallamento verso NE della zona di Massa sulla parte interna dell'autoctono. Contemporaneamente in quest'unità parautoctona si originava un sistema di lineazioni in direzione appenninica. Il sistema assiale prealpidico è stato poi rotato in conseguenza della nuova tettogenesi appenninica. Con questa rotazione si generavano lineazioni con un'inclinazione maggiore ed una distribuzione caratteristica a cintura sul reticolo diSchmidt. Contemporaneamente le zone parautoctone a scaglie di Stazzema, Isola Santa e Campo Cecina sono state spostate sul nucleo autoctono. La loro zona di origine potrebbe essere stata la stessa dell'unità parautoctona di Massa.I piani di scistosità dell'autoctono si formavano secondo la distribuzione dello stress — dapprima con una vergenza verso SW (sf₁-piani paralleli all'asse B delle pieghe con direzione NW-SE). Durante l'orogenesi questi piani ruotavano — sempre paralleli a B — in una posizione a maggiore inclinazione e finalmente originavano foliazioni (sf₂) con una vergenza verso NE, che mostrano una distribuzione tautozonale con B. Queste foliazioni che probabilmente si sono formate durante il movimento della falda toscana verso NE ora predominano nell'assetto tettonico.Il debole piegamento e la scistosità di tipo slaty cleavage negli orizzonti incompetenti della falda toscana mostrano la stessa distribuzione di stress in un piano tettonico superiore a quello dell'autoctono e parautoctono.

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Résumé Les unités tectoniques des Alpes Apuanes montrent une orientation axiale correspondant à la direction apennine. Cette direction interfère à la base du socle autochtone avec un système linéaire, d'orientation préférentielle NE-SW. Ce système plus ancien est limité aux séries de phyllites contenant des faunes paléozoiques (VAI 1972). En conséquence, l'âge de ce système doit être pré-alpin.Pendant l'orogénèse principale de l'Apennin septentrional, le retrécissement le plus prononcé et le transport tectonique se produisicent dans la direction SW-NE. Ainsi, la zone de Massa fut superposée, venant du SW, à la partie interne de l'autochtone et affectée simultanément par un système linéaire apennin. Ensuite, le système axial pré-alpin a subi une rotation autour des axes apennins, d'où résultèrent des systèmes linéaires à fort plongement et une distribution caractéristique des axes plus raides. La mise en place des écailles parautochthones, dont l'origine pourrait être la zone de Massa, se réalisa en même temps.D'abord les surfaces de schistosité dans l'autochtone ont été déversées vers le SW, à cause de la distribution tensionelle. Au cours de l'orogénèse, elles ont subi une rotation, parallèlement à B, dans une position à plongement plus fort. Finalement résultèrent des foliations déversées vers le NE, qui ont été formées par le transport vers le NE de la nappe toscane.Le faible plissement et le clivage dans cette nappe montrent la même distribution de tension.

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, , — - , . -. , (VAi 1972). , -. . - , . - .. . ( , ). Macca. — — - (sf, — «B», -). «» . , , -, , «B» - , . - .

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Changes of Acute Toxicity of Organic Chemicals to Daphnia magna in the Presence of Dissolved Humic Material (DHM)     

C. E. W. Steinberg  A. Sturm  J. Kelbel  S. Kyu Lee  N. Hertkorn  D. Freitag  A. A. Kettrup 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1992,20(6):326-332

With a series of substituted anilines, a series of substituted phenols as well as diazinon and tetrabromobisphenol-A alterations of short-term acute toxicity to the waterflea Daphnia magna have been studied in the presence of dissolved humic material (DHM). The results may be categorised as follows: No alteration in acute toxicity occurred with: tetrabromobisphenol-A, o-toluidine, 3,4-dichloroaniline, and pentachlorophenol. Toxicity decreases significantly with: diazinon, 4-chloroaniline, and 4-nitrophenol. Significant toxicity increases were observed with 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol. As demonstrated for diazinon, our study reveals that in the presence of DHM and light the chemical speciation of this chemical is altered and daughter products are produced most likely via photoactive species of DHM. Most probably the toxicity of both the parent and daughter compounds is changed as well. Alterations in acute toxicity of organic chemicals may thus be attributed to the adsorption to DHM as well as to the photoactive species mediated production of daughter products with toxicity different from that of the parent compounds.  相似文献   

Effects of Alpine hydropower dams on particle transport and lacustrine sedimentation     

Flavio S. Anselmetti  Raphael Bühler  David Finger  Stéphanie Girardclos  Andy Lancini  Christian Rellstab  Mike Sturm 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2007,69(2):179-198

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Active galaxies in the mid-infrared     

E. Sturm  D. Lutz  R. Genzel  T. Alexander  A. Sternberg  H. Netzer  A.F.M. Moorwood 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1999,266(1-2):169-174

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Signature of explosive volcanic eruptions in the sediments of a high-altitude Swiss lake     

Alex Blass  Martin Grosjean  David M. Livingstone  Michael Sturm 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2008,39(1):35-42

The analysis of 125 years of well-dated varved sediments in Lake Silvaplana, located at 1,791 m a.s.l. in the Upper Engadine region of south-eastern Switzerland, reveals that 7 out of the 8 climatically relevant explosive volcanic eruptions between A.D. 1880 and 2004 were followed by distinct peaks in median grain-size. Although the underlying mechanisms are yet unclear, an analysis of local meteorological data suggests that this phenomenon is unlikely to be related to any change in air temperature associated with the eruptions, but instead may be related to an increase in autumn precipitation subsequent to the eruptions that led to the erosion and fluvial transport of particles larger than normal.  相似文献   

The distribution of megablocks in the Ries crater,Germany: Remote sensing,field investigation,and statistical analyses          下载免费PDF全文

Sebastian Sturm  Thomas Kenkmann  Malte Willmes  Gisela Pösges  Harald Hiesinger 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2015,50(1):141-171

The Ries crater is a well‐preserved, complex impact crater that has been extensively used in the study of impact crater formation processes across the solar system. However, its geologic structure, especially the megablock zone, still poses questions regarding crater formation mechanics. The megablock zone, located between the inner crystalline ring and outer, morphologic crater rim, consists of allochthonous crystalline and sedimentary blocks, Bunte Breccia deposits, patches of suevite, and parautochthonous sedimentary blocks that slumped into the crater during crater modification. Our remote sensing detection method in combination with a shallow drilling campaign and geoelectric measurements at two selected megablocks proved successful in finding new megablock structures (>25 m mean diameter) within the upper approximately 1.5 m of the subsurface in the megablock zone. We analyzed 1777 megablocks of the megablock zone, 81 of which are new discoveries. In our statistical analysis, we also included 2318 ejecta blocks >25 m beyond the crater rim. Parautochthonous megablocks show an increase in total area and size toward the final crater rim. The sizes of allochthonous megablocks generally decrease with increasing radial range, but inside the megablock zone, the coverage with postimpact sediments obscures this trend. The size‐frequency distribution of all megablocks obeys a power‐law distribution with an exponent between approximately ?1.7 and ?2.3. We estimated a total volume of 95 km³ of Bunte Breccia and 47 km³ of megablocks. Ejecta volume calculations and a palinspastic restoration of the extension within the megablock zone indicate that the transient cavity diameter was probably 14–15 km.  相似文献   

Rates of change and chronological problems during the late-glacial period   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

André F Lotter  Brigitta Ammann  Michael Sturm 《Climate Dynamics》1992,6(3-4):233-239

Results of high-resolution AMS ¹⁴C dating of terrestrial plant macrofossils from late-glacial and early-Holocene lake deposits in Switzerland show three periods with constant radiocarbon ages. These plateaux of constant age occur at 12700, 10000, and 9500 y BP. A comparison of this radiocarbon chronology with a varve chronology documents discrepancies between the sidereal and the radiocarbon time-scale for the late-glacial period. The age-plateaux and the time-scale discrepancies have a significant impact on the estimation of rates of change during this period: estimates of rates of change can be very misleading if calculated on the basis of radiocarbon ages. This is illustrated by an example of estimated rates of late-glacial and early Holocene palynological change in Switzerland.Contribution to Clima Locarno — Past and Present Climate Dynamics; Conference September 1990, Swiss Academy of Sciences — National Climate Program  相似文献