Horizontal Anisotropy of the Principal Ground-Water Flow Zone in the Salinas Alluvial Fan, Puerto Rico   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Vicente Quiñones-Aponte 《Ground water》1989,27(4):491-500

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Impacts of future climate and land cover changes on landslide susceptibility: regional scale modelling in the Val d’Aran region (Pyrenees,Spain)     

Hürlimann  Marcel  Guo  Zizheng  Puig-Polo  Carol  Medina  Vicente 《Landslides》2022,19(1):99-118

It is widely accepted that future environmental changes will affect rainfall-induced shallow slides in high-mountain areas. In this study, the Val d’Aran region located in the Central Pyrenees was selected to analyze and quantify the impacts of land use and land cover (LULC) and climate changes on regional landslides susceptibility. We analyzed 26 climate models of the EURO-CORDEX database focussing on the future rainfall conditions. The IDRISI TerrSet software suite was used to create the future LULC maps. These two inputs were analyzed individually and in a combined way defining 20 different scenarios. All these scenarios were incorporated in a physically based stability model to compute landslides susceptibility maps. The results showed that both environmental conditions will considerably change in the future. The daily rainfall will increase between 14 and 26% assuming a return period of 100 years. This intensification of precipitation will produce an overall decrease of the stability condition in the study area. Regarding the LULC prediction, the forest area will significantly increase, while in particular grassland, but also shrubs decrease. As a consequence, the overall stability condition improves, because the root strength is higher in forest than in grassland and shrubs. When we analyzed the combined impacts, the results showed that the positive effect of LULC changes is larger than the negative influence of rainfall changes. Hence, when combining the two aspects in the future scenarios, the stability condition in the study area will improve.

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Environmental assessment of two artificial reef systems off southern Portugal (Faro and Olhão): A question of location     

M. Vicente  M. Falcão  M.N. Santos  M. Caetano  D. Serpa  C. Vale  C. Monteiro 《Continental Shelf Research》2008

This study investigates environmental assessment of artificial reef systems deployed at different areas in terms of nutrient cycling and seabed organic enrichment. Two identical artificial reef systems: Olhão Artificial Reef—OAR (37°00′55″N and 007°44′54″W) and Faro Artificial Reef—FAR (36°58′65″N and 008°00′91″W) were deployed in southern Portuguese coast, adjacent to a highly productive coastal lagoon (Ria Formosa) in 1990 and monitorized over two years (1992–1993). Water samples were collected within OAR and FAR systems, inside the lagoon (L) and in a non-reef area (NRA) to evaluate nutrient dynamics. Settled particles and sediment cores were also sampled within OAR and FAR to determine aluminium, calcium, silicon and chlorophyll a and organic and inorganic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous. Results obtained showed that: (i) water column nutrients evidenced seasonal and spatial variability. The maximum nutrients concentration was recorded inside the lagoon and in OAR, mainly during warmer periods. Ammonium, nitrate and silicate in OAR were statistically higher (p<0.01, n=18) than in FAR and NRA; (ii) particulate organic carbon and nitrogen in FAR settled particles were significantly higher (p<0.005) than those collected at OAR; and (iii) organic carbon and nitrogen, calcium, aluminium and chlorophyll a in OAR upper sediment were higher than at FAR. The overall results suggest that OAR is a productive system, emphasizing its contribution to the trophic chain pull out, while FAR presented oceanic oligotrophic water.  相似文献   

Bioturbation and erosion rates along the soil-hillslope conveyor belt,part 2: Quantification using an analytical solution of the diffusion–advection equation     

Andrea Román-Sánchez  Ana Laguna  Tony Reimann  Juan Vicente Giráldez  Adolfo Peña  Tom Vanwalleghem 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2019,44(10):2066-2080

Particles on soil-mantled hillslopes are subject to downslope transport by erosion processes and vertical mixing by bioturbation. Both are key processes for understanding landscape evolution and soil formation, and affect the functioning of the critical zone. We show here how the depth–age information, derived from feldspar-based single grain post-infrared infrared stimulated luminescence (pIRIR), can be used to simultaneously quantify erosion and bioturbation processes along a hillslope. In this study, we propose, for the first time, an analytical solution for the diffusion–advection equation to calculate the diffusivity constant and erosion–deposition rates. We have fitted this model to age–depth data derived from 15 soil samples from four soil profiles along a catena located under natural grassland in the Santa Clotilde Critical Zone Observatory, in the south of Spain. A global sensitivity analysis was used to assess the relative importance of each model parameter in the output. Finally, the posterior probability density functions were calculated to evaluate the uncertainty in the model parameter estimates. The results show that the diffusivity constant at the surface varies from 11.4 to 81.9 mm² a^-1 for the hilltop and hill-base profile, respectively, and between 7.4 and 64.8 mm² a^-1 at 50 cm depth. The uncertainty in the estimation of the erosion–deposition rates was found to be too high to make a reliable estimate, probably because erosion–deposition processes are much slower than bioturbation processes in this environment. This is confirmed by a global sensitivity analysis that shows how the most important parameters controlling the age–depth structure in this environment are the diffusivity constant and regolith depth. Finally, we have found a good agreement between the soil reworking rates proposed by earlier studies, considering only particle age and depth, and the estimated diffusivity constants. The soil reworking rates are effective rates, corrected for the proportion of particles actually participating in the process. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Assessment of the oil source-rock potential of the Pedregoso Formation (Early Miocene) in the Falcón Basin of northwestern Venezuela     

Jean Carlos Montero-Serrano  Manuel Martínez  Armelle Riboulleau  Nicolas Tribovillard  Gonzalo Márquez  José Vicente Gutiérrez-Martín 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2010

The early Miocene Pedregoso Formation is one of the numerous formations rich in organic matter within the stratigraphic record of the Urumaco Trough, in the central area of the Falcón Basin. Due to its lithological characteristics and stratigraphic position, this formation is of great interest regarding the basin's petroliferous systems. The evaluation of various inorganic and organic geochemical parameters indicates that the organic matter is primarily of marine origin, deposited in a marine carbonate environment typical of reefal systems, under oxic-to-dysoxic conditions. The low variability in the TOC concentrations and in the distributions of the biomarkers extracted from the samples suggests that the paleoenvironmental conditions and the organic-matter supply remained approximately constant throughout the sedimentation of this unit. The Pedregoso type-II organic matter (marine origin) and initial organic richness value (∼1.8%) suggest that this unit has probably generated hydrocarbons within the Urumaco Trough. However, present-day thermal maturity parameters reveal that the Pedregoso organic matter is overmature (dry gas window), indicating that this unit is only capable to generate gas. In addition, the geothermal gradient, maturity parameters, and the maximum paleotemperature estimated in this study suggest that the Pedregoso Formation reached a maximum burial depth the ∼6.5 km, consistent with the value obtained from data of stratigraphic thickness in the Urumaco Trough. This implies that the thermal anomaly that affected the basin during the Late Eocene–Early Miocene did not reach the central part of the basin, and therefore, the organic matter maturation in this unit is due to the sedimentary burial.  相似文献   

Cytogenetics of Anodonta cygnea (Mollusca: Bivalvia) as possible indicator of environmental adversity     

J. Carrilho  A. Leitão  C. Vicente  I. Malheiro 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008

Anodonta cygnea is a freshwater clam, belonging to the Unionidae family, which can be found in rivers and lagoons all over Europe and Northern America. As they appear as important case studies for ecological damage assessments, the various species of the Unionidae family have been submitted to a sort of recent studies on their chromosomal or cytogenetic status. In this study we confirmed the diploid chromosome number of 2n = 38 for this species, and established for the first time the karyotype, which comprised six metacentric, 12 submetacentric and one subtelocentric chromosome pairs. We also found a high percentage of cells with an abnormal number of chromosomes. Considering that karyotype disturbances in Unionids have been previously related with exposure to chemicals, either natural or produced by human activity, we determined the aneuploidy index for our population. The aneuploidy index is an excellent marker for pollutant presence/effect. The animals acclimatized in tap water and in natural water from the lake where the individuals were collected showed different levels of aneuploidy. The higher values were found in tap water. Chromosome analysis techniques seem a suitable tool to study the impact of contaminants referred above, and making A. cygnea a suitable organism for assessment of an eugenic damage in aquatic systems. On the other hand, our results also point out to the importance of doing the acclimatizing process of the collected animals in their own natural water.  相似文献   

Megafan formation driven by explosive volcanism and active tectonic processes in a humid tropical environment          下载免费PDF全文

Jorge P. Galve  Guillermo E. Alvarado  José Vicente Pérez‐Peña  Mauricio M. Mora  Guillermo Booth‐Rea  José Miguel Azañón 《地学学报》2016,28(6):427-433

Quaternary volcanism in the Central Cordillera of Costa Rica has created an orographic barrier that concentrates rainfall on its northern side. This humid climate produces weathered bedrock prone to landsliding. Ash fall from explosive eruptions kills the vegetation cover and intensifies erosion processes. These eruptions, hydrothermal activity and associated earthquakes destabilize the slopes of river valleys, and even the volcanic edifices, producing landslides and large debris avalanches. All these processes mobilize an extra sediment input that is deposited in the piedmont lowlands forming the Santa Clara megafan. The megafans described in the literature mainly grow according to climatic fluctuations; however, sedimentation in the Santa Clara megafan is also controlled by endogenic processes with longer recurrence periods. Analysis of this megafan provides new insight into the origin and evolution of these landforms. In volcanic regions, active volcanism should be considered when investigating the formation of some megafans.  相似文献   

Effects of non-carbonaceous meteoritic extracts on the germination, growth and chlorophyll content of edible plants     

Vicente Marcano  Paula Matheus  Nelson Falcon 《Planetary and Space Science》2005,53(12):1263-1279

We have conducted an investigation on the effects that the extracts of a non-carbonaceous meteorite could have on the germination and growth of plants and the ability of non-carbonaceous meteoritic resource to serve as nutrient source for young plants of edible types. Selected plants were two dicotyledons (Lycopersicon esculentum and Daucus carota) and one monocotyledon (Zea mays). Solution cultures were developed using seeds, seedlings and seed-embryos. Meteoritic powder was obtained from the Vigirima mesosiderite, which was analyzed by X-ray diffraction and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Results showed that extracts having variable concentrations of meteoritic matter favored an earlier germination in some plant species but the increase of the concentrations produced a decreased germination. However, total germination rate was higher in the presence of meteoritic extracts than in the presence of controls in the all species. A high metabolic yield in the protein synthesis was seen in dicotyledons utilizing Type-A and B extracts having concentrations of 4.16-8.33×10³ mg l⁻¹. Phaeophytinization index and chlorophyll a/b ratio, suggesting a negative effect of the heavy metals or acidic ions over the photosynthetic activity when extracts having high meteoritic concentrations were utilized. However, a higher chlorophyll (a) production in comparison to that of chlorophyll (b) was seen in extracts (Type-A and -B) with low concentrations of meteoritic matter. On the other hand, Z. mays seed-embryos growing in extracts (Type-D) having 3.53×10⁴ mg l⁻¹ of meteoritic matter showed a protein production (9.81×10⁻² mg protein mg wet wt⁻¹) higher than that observed in seed-embryos coming from extracts having lower concentrations. However, in Murashige medium, the seed-embryos exhibited a enhanced growth and a relatively higher protein production (10.3×10⁻² mg protein mg wet wt.⁻¹). Further, chlorophyll (a+b) synthesis was higher in Murashige medium than in meteoritic extracts but chlorophyll a/b ratio was <1 in all extracts and controls. Our results suggest the usefulness of the non-carbonaceous meteoritic resource as a complementary soil component or fertilizers for culture of edible plants in space settlements and mainly for the production of young plants due to the positive metabolic effects on the chlorophyll synthesis, mitochondrial metabolism and cellular division caused by PO₄³⁻, Fe²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Ca²⁺ ions. Earlier germination responses obtained in the present experiments demonstrated the possibility to utilize germination chambers in space having wet substrates containing meteoritic-powder solutions to obtain a higher number of seedlings in a minimum degree of time. These results also reveal the biological potential of this non-carbonaceous meteoritic matter for the growth of organisms in the early Earth, Mars, and probably in other planetary bodies beyond our Solar system.  相似文献   

The warm molecular gas in the Galactic Center     

N.J. Rodríguez-Fernández  J. MartÍn-Pintado  P. de Vicente  A. Fuente 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2002,281(1-2):331-332

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TOPO-EUROPE: The geoscience of coupled deep Earth-surface processes   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

S.A.P.L. Cloetingh  P.A. Ziegler  P.J.F. Bogaard  P.A.M. Andriessen  I.M. Artemieva  G. Bada  R.T. van Balen  F. Beekman  Z. Ben-Avraham  J.-P. Brun  H.P. Bunge  E.B. Burov  R. Carbonell  C. Facenna  A. Friedrich  J. Gallart  A.G. Green  O. Heidbach  A.G. Jones  L. Matenco  J. Mosar  O. Oncken  C. Pascal  G. Peters  S. Sliaupa  A. Soesoo  W. Spakman  R.A. Stephenson  H. Thybo  T. Torsvik  G. de Vicente  F. Wenzel  M.J.R. Wortel  TOPO-EUROPE Working Group 《Global and Planetary Change》2007,58(1-4):1

TOPO-EUROPE addresses the 4-D topographic evolution of the orogens and intra-plate regions of Europe through a multidisciplinary approach linking geology, geophysics, geodesy and geotechnology. TOPO-EUROPE integrates monitoring, imaging, reconstruction and modelling of the interplay between processes controlling continental topography and related natural hazards. Until now, research on neotectonics and related topography development of orogens and intra-plate regions has received little attention. TOPO-EUROPE initiates a number of novel studies on the quantification of rates of vertical motions, related tectonically controlled river evolution and land subsidence in carefully selected natural laboratories in Europe. From orogen through platform to continental margin, these natural laboratories include the Alps/Carpathians–Pannonian Basin System, the West and Central European Platform, the Apennines–Aegean–Anatolian region, the Iberian Peninsula, the Scandinavian Continental Margin, the East-European Platform, and the Caucasus–Levant area. TOPO-EUROPE integrates European research facilities and know-how essential to advance the understanding of the role of topography in Environmental Earth System Dynamics. The principal objective of the network is twofold. Namely, to integrate national research programs into a common European network and, furthermore, to integrate activities among TOPO-EUROPE institutes and participants. Key objectives are to provide an interdisciplinary forum to share knowledge and information in the field of the neotectonic and topographic evolution of Europe, to promote and encourage multidisciplinary research on a truly European scale, to increase mobility of scientists and to train young scientists. This paper provides an overview of the state-of-the-art of continental topography research, and of the challenges to TOPO-EUROPE researchers in the targeted natural laboratories.  相似文献