Unexpected post-settlement freshening and increase in charophytes in Bombah Broadwater (Myall Lakes,New South Wales,Australia)     

Emily?LeydenEmail author  John?Tibby  Adriana?García  Atun?Zawadzki 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2011,46(4):637-647

Bombah Broadwater is a shallow coastal lake within the Ramsar-listed Myall Lakes system on the mid-north coast of New South Wales, Australia. Increased nutrient and sediment loads resulting from catchment modification are thought to have instigated the loss of aquatic plants in the lake, causing it to “switch” from a clear, macrophyte dominated system (similar to the conditions in present day Myall Lake) to a turbid, phytoplankton dominated system. To assess this hypothesis, charophytes, foraminifera and aquatic fauna remains from an 800 year sediment record were examined. The sediment chronology was established using ¹⁴C, ²¹⁰Pb and ¹³⁷Cs radiometric dating and sediment composition. Interestingly, a clear increase in charophytes since European arrival conflicted with the hypothesised aquatic plant loss. Hence, it appears Bombah Broadwater has not undergone a change in stable state since European arrival. An additional and unexpected finding in the patterns of the foraminifera and testate amoeba suggest that Bombah Broadwater has freshened substantially since European arrival. This freshening may have resulted from increased catchment run off as a result of the clearance of catchment vegetation. Since catchment vegetation clearance is widespread in Australia, this finding raises the possibility that post-settlement freshening of coastal lakes may be a common occurrence.  相似文献   

V. Bojňanský and A. Fargašová: Atlas of seeds and fruits of Central and East-European flora. The Carpathian Mountains region.     

Emily E. Coffey 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2009,42(2):299-300

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A parallel evolutionary strategy based simulation–optimization approach for solving groundwater source identification problems     

Baha Y. Mirghani  Kumar G. Mahinthakumar  Michael E. Tryby  Ranji S. Ranjithan  Emily M. Zechman 《Advances in water resources》2009

Groundwater characterization involves the resolution of unknown system characteristics from observation data, and is often classified as an inverse problem. Inverse problems are difficult to solve due to natural ill-posedness and computational intractability. Here we adopt the use of a simulation–optimization approach that couples a numerical pollutant-transport simulation model with evolutionary search algorithms for solution of the inverse problem. In this approach, the numerical transport model is solved iteratively during the evolutionary search. This process can be computationally intensive since several hundreds to thousands of forward model evaluations are typically required for solution. Given the potential computational intractability of such a simulation–optimization approach, parallel computation is employed to ease and enable the solution of such problems. In this paper, several variations of a groundwater source identification problem is examined in terms of solution quality and computational performance. The computational experiments were performed on the TeraGrid cluster available at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications. The results demonstrate the performance of the parallel simulation–optimization approach in terms of solution quality and computational performance.  相似文献   

The lower paleolithic landscape of 'Ayoun Qedim,al‐Jafr Basin,Jordan     

Jason A. Rech  Leslie A. Quintero  Philip J. Wilke  Emily R. Winer 《Geoarchaeology》2007,22(2):261-275

The 'Ayoun Qedim locality includes seven deflated Acheulian sites within and around a limestone box canyon, Juwit el Ghuweir, in the northern al‐Jafr Basin, Jordan. Survey of these sites identified dense scatters of Acheulian bifaces ( _ 1650) along with debris, cores, and reduction material from their production and maintenance. Although there is a clear Levallois component in the assemblages, reflecting a Late Acheulian occupation, strictly Middle and Upper Paleolithic sites are uncommon in this locality. Analysis of the geology and geomorphology of the northern al‐Jafr Basin indicates the area is strongly influenced by shallow subsurface groundwater flow and discharge, and Juwit el Ghuweir displays classic features of a canyon formed by groundwater seepage and sapping, except for the lack of a perennial spring within the modern canyon. The authors suggest that the extreme density of Lower Paleolithic material at 'Ayoun Qedim is associated with perennial groundwater discharge at Juwit el Ghuweir during the Middle Pleistocene and that the dearth of later Paleolithic material is attributable to the cessation of perennial spring discharge. The cause of the spring's cessation is unknown, but may have been related to local geomorphic factors, such as head migration of adjacent streams, or to more regional geomorphic factors, such as the lowering of theregional water table in the area of al‐Jafr Basin. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  相似文献   

Magnetostratigraphy of mid-Cretaceous limestones from the Sierra Madre of northeastern Mexico     

Bradford M. Clement  Ewald Poetisi  Timothy J. Bralower  Emily CoBabe  Jose Longoria 《Geophysical Journal International》2000,143(1):219-229

We present the results of a palaeomagnetic study of four mid-Cretaceous limestone sections exposed in northeastern Mexico. The limestones are weakly magnetized and exhibit two- to three-component magnetizations. These magnetization components appear to be carried by both a sulphide mineral and a magnetite-titanomagnetite mineral. The sulphide mineral carries a reverse polarity overprint that often makes it difficult to isolate definitively the higher-unblocking-temperature component. The high-unblocking-temperature component is well defined in the upper portion of the Santa Rosa Canyon section and in the Cienega del Toro section and passes the fold test. The characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM) inclinations agree well with predicted mid-Cretaceous inclinations for these sites, although the declinations differ by more than 100°. The relative rotation between these two sites probably occurred as the thrust sheets were emplaced during Laramide deformation. At two of the sections, namely Cienega del Toro and the overturned Los Chorros sections, only normal polarity directions are observed. The La Boca Canyon and Santa Rosa Canyon sections exhibit zones of both normal and reverse polarity magnetization. Correlation of these polarity zones with the geomagnetic polarity timescale provides a time framework for lithostratigraphic and palaeoceanographic studies of these sections.  相似文献   

Transpiration‐ and precipitation‐induced subsurface water flow observed using the self‐potential method     

Emily B. Voytek  Holly R. Barnard  Damien Jougnot  Kamini Singha 《水文研究》2019,33(13):1784-1801

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Storylines: an alternative approach to representing uncertainty in physical aspects of climate change     

Theodore G. Shepherd  Emily Boyd  Raphael A. Calel  Sandra C. Chapman  Suraje Dessai  Ioana M. Dima-West  Hayley J. Fowler  Rachel James  Douglas Maraun  Olivia Martius  Catherine A. Senior  Adam H. Sobel  David A. Stainforth  Simon F. B. Tett  Kevin E. Trenberth  Bart J. J. M. van den Hurk  Nicholas W. Watkins  Dimitri A. Zenghelis 《Climatic change》2018,147(3-4):555-569

Investigating the relationships between climate extremes and crop yield can help us understand how unfavourable climatic conditions affect crop production. In this study, two statistical models, multiple linear regression and random forest, were used to identify rainfall extremes indices affecting wheat yield in three different regions of the New South Wales wheat belt. The results show that the random forest model explained 41–67% of the year-to-year yield variation, whereas the multiple linear regression model explained 34–58%. In the two models, 3-month timescale standardized precipitation index of Jun.–Aug. (SPI_JJA), Sep.–Nov. (SPI_SON), and consecutive dry days (CDDs) were identified as the three most important indices which can explain yield variability for most of the wheat belt. Our results indicated that the inter-annual variability of rainfall in winter and spring was largely responsible for wheat yield variation, and pre-growing season rainfall played a secondary role. Frequent shortages of rainfall posed a greater threat to crop growth than excessive rainfall in eastern Australia. We concluded that the comparison between multiple linear regression and machine learning algorithm proposed in the present study would be useful to provide robust prediction of yields and new insights of the effects of various rainfall extremes, when suitable climate and yield datasets are available.  相似文献   

Mapping conservation priorities and connectivity pathways under climate change for tropical ecosystems     

Emily Fung  Pablo Imbach  Lenin Corrales  Sergio Vilchez  Nelson Zamora  Freddy Argotty  Lee Hannah  Zayra Ramos 《Climatic change》2017,141(1):77-92

Climate change and land use conversion are global threats to biodiversity. Protected areas and biological corridors have been historically implemented as biodiversity conservation measures and suggested as tools within planning frameworks to respond to climate change. However, few applications to national protected areas systems considering climate change in tropical countries exist. Our goal is to define new priority areas for biodiversity conservation and biological corridors within an existing protected areas network. We aim at preserving samples of all biodiversity under climate change and facilitate species dispersal to reduce the vulnerability of biodiversity. The analysis was based on a three step strategy: i) protect representative samples of various levels of terrestrial biodiversity across protected area systems given future redistributions under climate change, ii) identify and protect areas with reduced climate velocities where populations could persist for relatively longer periods, and iii) ensure species dispersal between conservation areas through climatic connectivity pathways. The study was integrated into a participatory planning approach for biodiversity conservation in Costa Rica. Results showed that there should be an increase of 11 % and 5 % on new conservation areas and biological corridors respectively. Our approach integrates climate change into the design of a network of protected areas for tropical ecosystems and can be applied to other biodiversity rich areas to reduce the vulnerability of biodiversity to global warming.  相似文献   

华北克拉通北缘西段中元古代花岗岩类的特征及其形成构造环境   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

卜文瑞  王廷印等 《岩石学报》2001,17(4):609-616

华北克拉通北缘西段中元古代花岗岩类仅见于查干础鲁－霍尔森构造带以南的雅布赖－巴音诺尔公构造带中，整体上受NEE向长寿命线性构造控制。据岩性可分为斜长花岗岩和石英闪长岩两类。斜长花岗岩为S型花岗岩，但具有向I型过渡的特征，富含Cr,Ni,SiO2,Al2O3，其均值分别为672μg/g，405μg/g,71.40%和14．93％。δEu值变化大，介于0．34和3．95之间，起源于幔源岩浆与壳源物质的混合。石英闪长岩为典型的I型花岗岩，其Cr,Ni含量的均值分别为220μg/g和162μg/g，类似于华南同熔型花岗岩。斜长花岗岩中的锆石U－Pb等时线上交年龄为1256Ma，代表了发生于华北克拉通北缘西段的一次构造－热事件。伴随这一构造－热事件，华北克拉通北缘西段发生拉伸裂解，进入拉张型过渡壳阶段。中元古代花岗岩类是这一构造热事件的重要产物。在这一构造－热事件中，推测查干础鲁－霍尔森一线地壳减薄最大，其北侧的宗乃山－沙拉扎山构造带因无同时代岩浆作用，为非火山型被动陆缘，南侧的雅布赖－巴音诺尔公构造带广泛发育了花岗岩类，镁铁质、超镁铁质侵入岩，以及火山－沉积组合，为火山型被动陆缘，二者构成被动陆缘“对”。  相似文献   

Hot Enough for You? A Spatial Exploratory and Inferential Analysis of North American Climate-Change Projections     

Noel Cressie  Emily L. Kang 《Mathematical Geosciences》2016,48(2):107-121

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