Sensitivity of the Eastern Mediterranean geomorphic system towards environmental change during the Late Holocene: a chronological perspective     

Bert Dusar  Gert Verstraeten  Koen D'haen  Johan Bakker  Eva Kaptijn  Marc Waelkens 《第四纪科学杂志》2012,27(4):371-382

Alluvial and colluvial sediment deposition provide a vital record of environmental change during the Holocene. Firm chronological control on these archives is necessary to enable us to relate sediment dynamics to human activity and climate variability. In the Eastern Mediterranean, such relationships are hard to establish due to the lack of spatially well‐distributed sediment archives with good chronological control. This scarcity is problematic with respect to regional‐scale reconstructions of the temporal variation of sediment dynamics. Here, we present a radiocarbon database (n = 178) of geomorphological activity collected from multiple distinct sediment archives within the territory of Sagalassos in south‐western Turkey. The data were grouped according to their sedimentary facies for analysis using cumulative probability distributions (CPDs) and sedimentation rate (SR) modelling. Two small‐scale colluvial valleys, where chronological information was abundant, were investigated in more detail. Results show that sedimentation chronology differs between individual, nearby cores, as it depends strongly on the local geomorphic situation. A generalizing approach combining multiple core results yields more widely valid conclusions. High sedimentation rates coincided with the initial major anthropogenic disturbance of the landscape and decreased afterwards, probably due to hillslope soil depletion. CPD and SR analysis indicates that in general colluvial sedimentation rates did not change much from 2000 BC onwards. River floodplain sedimentation, in contrast, increased markedly during the first millennium BC and during recent times, and a significant time lag in enhanced sediment deposition between the upper and lower reaches of the river valleys was observed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Fabric and formation of grapestone concretions within an unusual ancient methane seep system (Eocene,Bulgaria)     

Eva De Boever  Daniel Birgel  Philippe Muchez  Jörn Peckmann  Lyubomir Dimitrov  Rudy Swennen 《地学学报》2011,23(1):56-61

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Fossa Carolina: The First Attempt to Bridge the Central European Watershed—A Review,New Findings,and Geoarchaeological Challenges     

Eva Leitholdt  Christoph Zielhofer  Stefanie Berg‐Hobohm  Katharina Schnabl  Britta Kopecky‐Hermanns  Jens Bussmann  Joachim W. Hrtling  Klaus Reicherter  Katrin Unger 《Geoarchaeology》2012,27(1):88-104

The Central European watershed passes through the southern Franconian Jura in Bavaria, Germany. This principal watershed divides the Rhine/Main catchment and the Danube catchment. In the early Middle Ages, when ships were an important means of transportation, Charlemagne decided to connect these catchments by the construction of a canal known as the Fossa Carolina. In this paper, we present for the first time ¹⁴C data from the Fossa Carolina fill and document a high‐resolution stratigraphic record of the Carolingian and post‐Carolingian trench infilling. Our results provide clear evidence for peat layers in different levels of the trench infill, suggesting a chain of ponds. However, the majority of these peat layers yield mid‐Medieval and younger ages. The period of major peat growth was during the Medieval climatic optimum. Therefore, our preliminary results do not prove the use of the trench during Carolingian times. However, first results from the reconstruction of the Carolingian trench bottom support the hypothesis that the Fossa was primarily planned as a navigable chain of ponds and not as a continuous canal. In the eastern part of the trench, a dam is located that was postulated in former studies to be part of a barrage for supplying the Carolingian canal with water. New ¹⁴C data indicate much younger ages and do not support the Carolingian barrage concept.  相似文献   

Dynamics of a particle under the gravitational potential of a massive annulus: properties and equilibrium description     

Eva Tresaco  Antonio Elipe  Andrés Riaguas 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2011,111(4):431-447

This paper studies the main features of the dynamics around a massive annular disk. The first part addresses the difficulties finding an appropriated expression of the gravitational potential of a massive disk, which will be used to define the differential equations of motion of our dynamical system. The second part describes the main features of the dynamics with special attention to equilibrium of the system.  相似文献   

Hydrocarbon-based indicators for characterizing potential sources of coal-derived pollution in the vicinity of the Ostrava City     

Eva Geršlova  Jan Schwarzbauer 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(7):3211-3222

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Seasonal and spatial variations of water quality,substrate and aquatic macrophytes based on side scan sonar,in an eastern Mediterranean lagoon (Kaiafas,Ionian Sea)     

Chrysoula Christia  Eva Papastergiadou  George Papatheodorou  Maria Geraga  Emmanouil Papadakis 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(8):3543-3558

Temporal and spatial variations of environmental and water quality parameters and their relations with macrobenthic flora were investigated in an eastern Mediterranean lagoon. Kaiafas is a mesohaline lagoon, which is influenced by point and diffused sources from the adjacent agricultural land and the nearby city. Water samples were analyzed for physicochemical parameters, microbial load and primary production, on a seasonal and spatial scale, while heavy metal concentrations were measured into two different sediment cores. An overall analysis of seasonal dynamics of water parameters and Chl-a based on trophic index TSI pointed out the lagoon as eutrophic. According to water quality parameters the lagoon was separated into two parts. The southern sector of the lagoon which was more affected by human activities showed higher nutrients, Chl-a, heavy metals and total Coliforms concentrations. Sediment texture and distribution of macrophytes were detected through the acoustic side scan sonar method, which proved to be a promising tool for defining and monitoring vegetation coverage of shallow lagoons. A number of distinct echo types and three different sediment types were revealed on the basis of the backscatter level and the variability of low and high backscatter areas. Furthermore, the extension and the coverage of Potamogeton pectinatus and Chara hispida f. corfuensis were successively depicted by combining the data of SSS and ground truthing samples. Meadows of P. pectinatus were established to the lagoon limits where high turbidity and silty substrate occurred, while C. hispida f. corfuensis was limited in deep and high transparent waters with sandy substrate.  相似文献   

2-D Magnetotellurics at the geothermal site at Soultz-sous-Forêts: Resistivity distribution to about 3000 m depth     

Johannes Geiermann  Eva Schill 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2010,342(7-8):587-599

With the aim of investigating the possibilities of magnetotelluric methods for the exploration of potential Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) sites in the Upper Rhine valley, a 2-D magnetotelluric (MT) survey has been carried out on a 13 km long profile across the thermal anomaly in the area of the geothermal power plant of Soultz-sous-Forêts in the winter 2007/08. Despite strong artificial noise, processing using remote referencing and Sutarno phase consistent smoothing revealed significant results from 10 out of 16 sites. Indication for 1-D structures was found in the shortest periods, 2-D effects in the periods up to 40 s, and 3-D effects in the long period range. Since 3-D effects were found in the longer periods, 2-D inversion was carried out for periods smaller than 40 s. The results of the inversion are consistent with the geology of the geothermal site and distinguish well the sediments from the granitic basement including the structures given by the faults. A conductive anomaly with a resistivity of about 3 Ωm has been found at a depth down to 2000 m in the area of the Soultz and Kutzenhausen faults, which is attributed to geothermal processes.  相似文献   

Assessment of rigid overlying strata failure in face mining   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Eva Jiránková 《Central European Journal of Geosciences》2010,2(4):524-530

The method of overlying strata failure assessment of extracted seams is based upon the simultaneous assessment of surface subsidence and seismic activity, considering the spatiatemporal progress of mining, depending on the character of the rock mass. The rigid overlying strata failure assessment results in finding whether a failure of the firm overlying rocks occurred or whether a strutting arch was formed over the mined-out area. The practical importance of the overlying strata failure assessment consists in determining the size of the mined-out area at which the com-plete failure of the rigid overlying strata occurred and in the assessment of the current stress condition of the overlying strata failure. The assessment method is applicable in deep mine workings where thick coal seams are being mined by means of the method of longwall mining with controlled caving. The results of this method are used to amend contemporary known methods of rock-burst protection, namely (regarding the use of surface measurements for the evaluation) in overlying strata areas.  相似文献   

Late Quaternary glacial and deglacial history of eastern Vestfirdir,Iceland using cosmogenic isotope (36Cl) exposure ages and marine cores     

Sarah M. Principato  slaug Geirsdttir  Gudrún Eva Jhannsdttir  John T. Andrews 《第四纪科学杂志》2006,21(3):271-285

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On the Interpretation of Orthonormal Coordinates for Compositional Data   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Eva Fišerová  Karel Hron 《Mathematical Geosciences》2011,43(4):455-468

The simplex with the Aitchison geometry is a natural sample space for compositional data, that is, observations carrying only relative information (especially proportions, percentages, etc., often occurring in the geosciences). For this reason, standard statistical methods that rely on Euclidean structure of the real space cannot be used directly for statistical analysis. At first, compositional data need to be expressed in coordinates of an orthonormal basis on the simplex (with respect to the Aitchison geometry). The mathematical interpretation of the orthonormal coordinates is derived from the procedure by which they are constructed (called sequential binary partition), and they act as balances between groups of compositional parts. The goal of this paper is to describe the covariance structure of coordinates and, consequently, to provide a complementary interpretation based on log-ratios of parts of the original composition. It must be noted that, in a composition, the ratios themselves contain all the relevant information. The possibilities as well as the limitations of this approach are demonstrated through illustrative examples.  相似文献