Sacred ground; the Maipés necropolis of north‐west Gran Canaria     

Valentin R. Troll  Alejandro Rodriguez‐Gonzalez  Frances M. Deegan  Francisco Jos Perez‐Torrado  Juan Carlos Carracedo  Konstantinos Thomaidis  Harri Geiger  Fiona C. Meade 《Geology Today》2019,35(2):55-62

Gran Canaria, like most of the Canary Islands, shows evidence for young basaltic volcanism in the form of cinder cones and valley‐hugging lava flows. These landforms were of no particular use to the aboriginal population, nor to the subsequent Spanish settlers, and young lava flows and lava fields are still referred to as ‘malpaís’ (badlands) in the Canary Islands. In north‐west Gran Canaria, one such lava flow fills the bottom of a steep‐sided valley, which reaches the sea at the present day village of Agaete. The lava flow erupted c. 3030 ± 90 yr bp and displays a total length of ～ 11 km. At its distal end, just outside Agaete, it hosts one of Europe’s largest and most important pre‐historic burial sites constructed of volcanic rock: the Maipés necropolis. Over 700 pre‐historic tombs (or tumuli) constructed from the aa‐type clinker materials have been identified on top of the valley‐filling lava flow. The up to soccer‐ball sized vesicular clinker fragments are sufficiently low in density to provide abundant, workable basalt blocks for the construction of the tumuli, allowing the pre‐hispanic aboriginal population to create a large and magnificent ‘sacred ground’ in an otherwise barren landscape.  相似文献   

Mimicking state diplomacy: The legitimizing strategies of unofficial diplomacies     

Fiona McConnell  Terri Moreau  Jason Dittmer 《Geoforum》2012,43(4):804-814

Diplomacy and recognition play central roles in the conventional conferral of state legitimacy and functioning of the inter-state system. In broadening the diplomatic frame by stepping outside the conventional state-system, this paper brings a poststructuralist and performative toolkit to mimetic diplomatic practices. Adapting Bhabha’s notion of mimicry to diplomatic discourse, it demonstrates how non-state diplomacies draw on, mimic and intervene in the realm of formal political action in ways which both promote ‘official’ state diplomacy as an ideal and dilute its distinction from other, ‘unofficial’ diplomacies. In thereby examining the enactment of international diplomacy in unexpected spaces, this paper brings together three empirical studies: a Government-in-Exile, a religious community and micropatrias (self-declared parodic nations). In each of these cases, attention focuses on: discourses of recognition; sovereignty and legitimacy; the diplomatic relationships fostered and institutions of diplomacy constructed; and the strategic position of such diplomacy vis-à-vis the conventional state-system. Unpacking the relationship between legitimacy, recognition and diplomacy and exploring the tension between state-centric and non-state diplomatic practices, this paper foregrounds the points of connection between the official and the unofficial. As a result, this paper expands the analytical gaze of diplomacy studies while incorporating lessons from the margins into our understandings of legitimacy, recognition, statecraft and sovereignty.  相似文献   

Consequences of a simulated rapid ocean acidification event for benthic ecosystem processes and functions     

Fiona Murray  Stephen Widdicombe  C. Louise McNeill  Martin Solan 《Marine pollution bulletin》2013

Whilst the biological consequences of long-term, gradual changes in acidity associated with the oceanic uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) are increasingly studied, the potential effects of rapid acidification associated with a failure of sub-seabed carbon storage infrastructure have received less attention. This study investigates the effects of severe short-term (8 days) exposure to acidified seawater on infaunal mediation of ecosystem processes (bioirrigation and sediment particle redistribution) and functioning (nutrient concentrations). Following acidification, individuals of Amphiura filiformis exhibited emergent behaviour typical of a stress response, which resulted in altered bioturbation, but limited changes in nutrient cycling. Under acidified conditions, A. filiformis moved to shallower depths within the sediment and the variability in occupancy depth reduced considerably. This study indicated that rapid acidification events may not be lethal to benthic invertebrates, but may result in behavioural changes that could have longer-term implications for species survival, ecosystem structure and functioning.  相似文献   

Urban geology in wales: 3, edited by M.G. Bassett, H. Boulton & D. Nichol. National Museums of Wales,Cardiff, 2009. No. of pages: 198. ISBN 978‐0‐7200‐0594‐3 (paperback).     

Fiona E. Fearnhead 《Geological Journal》2014,49(2):220-220

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Flash flood at Slheimajkull heralds the reawakening of an Icelandic subglacial volcano     

Andrew J. Russell  Fiona S. Tweed  & Óskar Knudsen 《Geology Today》2000,16(3):102-106

An unpredicted sudden outburst flood from Sólheimajökull, Southern Iceland, in July 1999 may herald a major subglacial volcanic eruption beneath Mýrdalsjökull ice cap.  相似文献   

Geomorphological evidence towards a de‐glacial control on volcanism     

Jonathan L. Carrivick  Andrew J. Russell  E. Lucy Rushmer  Fiona S. Tweed  Phillip M. Marren  Hugh Deeming  Oliver J. Lowe 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2009,34(8):1164-1178

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Lipid analysis of a ground sloth coprolite     

Fiona L. Gill  Matthew P. Crump  Remmert Schouten  Ian D. Bull 《Quaternary Research》2009,72(2):284-288

Coprolites can provide detailed information about the nutritional habits and digestive processes of the animals that produced them and may also yield information about the palaeoenvironment in which the animal existed. To test the utility of the lipid biomarker approach to coprolite analysis, lipids were extracted from a coprolite of the Pleistocene ground sloth Nothrotheriops shastensis. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry results revealed a dominant spiroketal sapogenin component identified, using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, as epismilagenin. The dominance of epismilagenin is probably due to ingestion of Yucca spp. and Agave spp., which is consistent with previous studies on the diet of this species.  相似文献   

Atmospheric C variations derived from tree rings during the early Younger Dryas     

Quan Hua  Mike Barbetti  David Fink  Klaus Felix Kaiser  Michael Friedrich  Bernd Kromer  Vladimir A. Levchenko  Ugo Zoppi  Andrew M. Smith  Fiona Bertuch 《Quaternary Science Reviews》2009,28(25-26):2982-2990

Atmospheric radiocarbon variations over the Younger Dryas interval, from 13,000 to 11,600 cal yr BP, are of immense scientific interest because they reveal crucial information about the linkages between climate, ocean circulation and the carbon cycle. However, no direct and reliable atmospheric ¹⁴C records based on tree rings for the entire Younger Dryas have been available. In this paper, we present (1) high-precision ¹⁴C measurements on the extension of absolute tree-ring chronology from 12,400 to 12,560 cal yr BP and (2) high-precision, high-resolution atmospheric ¹⁴C record derived from a 617-yr-long tree-ring chronology of Huon pine from Tasmania, Australia, spanning the early Younger Dryas. The new tree-ring ¹⁴C records bridge the current gap in European tree-ring radiocarbon chronologies during the early Younger Dryas, linking the floating Lateglacial Pine record to the absolute tree-ring timescale. A continuous and reliable atmospheric ¹⁴C record for the past 14,000 cal yr BP including the Younger Dryas is now available. The new records indicate that the abrupt rise in atmospheric Δ¹⁴C associated with the Younger Dryas onset occurs at 12,760 cal yr BP, 240 yrs later than that recorded in Cariaco varves, with a smaller magnitude of 40‰ followed by several centennial Δ¹⁴C variations of 20–25‰. Comparing the tree-ring Δ¹⁴C to marine-derived Δ¹⁴C and modelled Δ¹⁴C based on ice-core ¹⁰Be fluxes, we conclude that changes in ocean circulation were mainly responsible for the Younger Dryas onset, while a combination of changes in ocean circulation and ¹⁴C production rate were responsible for atmospheric Δ¹⁴C variations for the remainder of the Younger Dryas.  相似文献   

Rupert Gerritsen: Australia and the origins of agriculture     

Fiona Jane Walsh 《GeoJournal》2009,74(5):499-501

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Pervasive subsurface dolomitisation of the Devonian Nisku Formation,Canada — New insights from Reaction Transport Modeling     

Hans G. Machel  Fiona F. Whitaker  Gareth D. Jones 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2009

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