Der Einfluss der Strömung auf die Verteilung der TrichopterenAgapetus gr.fuscipes Curt. undSilo gr.nigricornis Pict     

Giampaolo Moretti  Francesco Saverio Gianotti 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1962,24(2):467-484

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Report on the VIII Hotine Symposium on Mathematical Geodesy     

Fernando Sansò 《Journal of Geodesy》1982,56(2):177-179

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How many predictors in species distribution models at the landscape scale? Land use versus LiDAR-derived canopy height     

Gentile Francesco Ficetola  Anna Bonardi  Caspar A. Mücher  Niels L.M. Gilissen  Emilio Padoa-Schioppa 《International journal of geographical information science》2014,28(8):1723-1739

At the local spatial scale, land-use variables are often employed as predictors for ecological niche models (ENMs). Remote sensing can provide additional synoptic information describing vegetation structure in detail. However, there is limited knowledge on which environmental variables and how many of them should be used to calibrate ENMs. We used an information-theoretic approach to compare the performance of ENMs using different sets of predictors: (1) a full set of land-cover variables (seven, obtained from the LGN6 Dutch National Land Use Database); (2) a reduced set of land-cover variables (three); (3) remotely sensed laser data optimized to measure vegetation structure and canopy height (LiDAR, light detection and ranging); and (4) combinations of land cover and LiDAR. ENMs were built for a set of bird species in the Veluwe Natura 2000 site (the Netherlands); for each species, 26–214 records were available from standardized monitoring. Models were built using MaxEnt, and the best performing models were identified using the Akaike’s information criterion corrected for small sample size (AICc). For 78% of the bird species analysed, LiDAR data were included in the best AICc model. The model including LiDAR only was the best performing one in most cases, followed by the model including a reduced set of land-use variables. Models including many land-use variables tended to have limited support. The number of variables included in the best model increased for species with more presence records. For all species with 33 records or less, the best model included LiDAR only. Models with many land-use variables were only selected for species with >150 records. Test area under the curve (AUC) scores ranged between 0.72 and 0.92. Remote sensing data can thus provide regional information useful for modelling at the local and landscape scale, particularly when presence records are limited. ENMs can be optimized through the selection of the number and identity of environmental predictors. Few variables can be sufficient if presence records are limited in number. Synoptic remote sensing data provide a good measure of vegetation structure and may allow a better representation of the available habitat, being extremely useful in this case. Conversely, a larger number of predictors, including land-use variables, can be useful if a large number of presence records are available.  相似文献   

Long‐term demographic and reproductive trends in Ciona intestinalis sp. A          下载免费PDF全文

Luigi Caputi  Fabio Crocetta  Francesco Toscano  Paolo Sordino  Paola Cirino 《Marine Ecology》2015,36(1):118-128

Ciona intestinalis sp. A (Tunicata, Ascidiacea) is a marine invertebrate with a widespread distribution and high invasive potential, yet little is known about its ecology. Here, the macrodynamics of demographic and reproductive trends were first determined using archive data covering 2002–2012. Species abundance in the central Tyrrhenian Sea (Campania, Italy ‐ NW Mediterranean) displayed Poisson distribution across 2002–2008, massive die‐off in 2009/2010 and population recovery in 2011/2012. We defined the seasonal ranges of sea surface temperature in which sampling size, animal size and reproductive status reached their highest values. In 2003/2004, self and non‐self fertilization appeared to follow reverse trends across the year. The long‐term recording run here on Ciona intestinalis sp. A provides novel insights into its population biology and ecology, and represents a valuable tool for sampling management and research planning.  相似文献   

Simulation of the Steady-State Flow in Discrete Fracture Networks with Non-Conforming Meshes and Extended Finite Elements     

S. Berrone  C. Fidelibus  S. Pieraccini  S. Scialò 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2014,47(6):2171-2182

In this paper a numerical method for the simulation of the steady-state fluid flow in discrete fracture networks is described. It is based on the use of non-conforming meshes, enrichment functions and an optimization procedure. The meshing process is performed on each fracture independently of the other fractures, i.e. without geometrical conformity at the intersections (traces). The slope discontinuities due to the flux exchange at the traces are then captured with the enrichment functions of the extended finite elements, and finally a functional is minimized by resorting to an optimization procedure. The method can be easily implemented for parallel computers being based on many small independent problems. In order to show the effectiveness of the method and the quality of the results, simulations of fluid flow in simple networks are illustrated.  相似文献   

Probabilistic GIS-based method for delineation of urban flooding risk hotspots   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

Fatemeh Jalayer  Raffaele De Risi  Francesco De Paola  Maurizio Giugni  Gaetano Manfredi  Paolo Gasparini  Maria Elena Topa  Nebyou Yonas  Kumelachew Yeshitela  Alemu Nebebe  Gina Cavan  Sarah Lindley  Andreas Printz  Florian Renner 《Natural Hazards》2014,73(2):975-1001

Identifying urban flooding risk hotspots is one of the first steps in an integrated methodology for urban flood risk assessment and mitigation. This work employs three GIS-based frameworks for identifying urban flooding risk hotspots for residential buildings and urban corridors. This is done by overlaying a map of potentially flood-prone areas [estimated through the topographic wetness index (TWI)], a map of residential areas and urban corridors [extracted from a city-wide assessment of urban morphology types (UMT)], and a geo-spatial census dataset. A maximum likelihood method (MLE) is employed for estimating the threshold used for identifying the flood-prone areas (the TWI threshold) based on the inundation profiles calculated for various return periods within a given spatial window. Furthermore, Bayesian parameter estimation is employed in order to estimate the TWI threshold based on inundation profiles calculated for more than one spatial window. For different statistics of the TWI threshold (e.g. MLE estimate, 16th percentile, 50th percentile), the map of the potentially flood-prone areas is overlaid with the map of urban morphology units, identified as residential and urban corridors, in order to delineate the urban hotspots for both UMT. Moreover, information related to population density is integrated by overlaying geo-spatial census datasets in order to estimate the number of people affected by flooding. Differences in exposure characteristics have been assessed for a range of different residential types. As a demonstration, urban flooding risk hotspots are delineated for different percentiles of the TWI value for the city of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.  相似文献   

Numerical modelling of centrifuge dynamic tests of circular tunnels in dry sand   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

Riccardo Conti  Giulia M. B. Viggiani  Francesco Perugini 《Acta Geotechnica》2014,9(4):597-612

This paper describes the numerical simulation of two dynamic centrifuge tests on reduced scale models of shallow tunnels in dry sand, carried out using both an advanced bounding surface plasticity constitutive soil model and a simple Mohr–Coulomb elastic-perfectly plastic model with embedded nonlinear and hysteretic behaviour. The predictive capabilities of the two constitutive models are assessed by comparing numerical predictions and experimental data in terms of accelerations at several positions in the model, and bending moment and hoop forces in the lining. Computed and recorded accelerations match well, and a quite good agreement is achieved also in terms of dynamic bending moments in the lining, while numerical and experimental values of the hoop force differ significantly with one another. The influence of the contact assumption between the tunnel and the soil is investigated by comparing the experimental data and the numerical results obtained with different interface conditions with the analytical solutions. The overall performance of the two models is very similar indicating that at least for dry sand, where shear-volumetric coupling is less relevant, even a simple model can provide an adequate representation of soil behaviour under dynamic conditions.  相似文献   

A hydrogeological conceptual model of the Suio hydrothermal area (central Italy)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Michele Saroli  Michele Lancia  Matteo Albano  Anna Casale  Gaspare Giovinco  Marco Petitta  Francesco Zarlenga  Marco dell’Isola 《Hydrogeology Journal》2017,25(6):1811-1832

A hydrogeological conceptual model has been developed that describes the hydrothermal system of Suio Terme (central Italy). The studied area is located along the peri-Tyrrhenian zone of the central Apennines, between the Mesozoic and Cenozoic carbonate platform sequences of the Aurunci Mountains and the volcanic sequences of the Roccamonfina. A multi-disciplinary approach was followed, using new hydrogeological surveys, the interpretation of stratigraphic logs of boreholes and water wells, and geophysical data—seismic sections, shear-wave velocity (Vs) crustal model and gravimetric model. The collected information allowed for construction of a conceptual hydrogeological model and characterization of the hydrothermal system. The Suio hydrothermal system is strongly influenced by the Eastern Aurunci hydrostructure. Along the southeastern side, the top of the hydrostructure sinks to ?1,000 m relative to sea level via a series of normal faults which give origin to the Garigliano graben. Geological and hydrogeological data strongly suggest the propagation and mixing of hot fluids, with cold waters coming from the shallow karst circuit. The aquitard distribution, the normal tectonic displacements and the fracturing of the karst hydrostructure strongly influence the hydrothermal basin. Carbon dioxide and other gasses play a key role in the whole circuit, facilitating the development of the hydrothermal system. The current level of knowledge suggests that the origin of the Suio hydrothermalism is the result of interaction between the carbonate reservoir of the Eastern Aurunci Mountains and the hot and deep crust of this peri-Tyrrhenian sector, where the Roccamonfina volcano represents the shallowest expression.  相似文献   

Bonding degradation and stress–dilatancy response of weakly cemented sands     

Daniela D. Porcino  Vincenzo Marcianò 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2017,12(4):221-233

The progressive bond breakage of artificially cemented sands induced by shear straining was investigated through conventional isotropically consolidated drained triaxial compression tests. Sand specimens were prepared with a low degree of cementation by adopting a chemical grout. Test results were interpreted in terms of two stress–dilatancy theories for cohesive-frictional materials proposed in literature. The influence of debonding on the stress–dilatancy behaviour of cemented sands was analysed with particular emphasis on the ‘delayed dilatancy’ phenomenon. A bonding degradation curve was determined for each test relating the interparticle cohesion (c) to the magnitude of the total plastic strain vector (ε_d) and a bond degradation rate factor (D_c) was assessed from each curve. The maximum value of interparticle cohesion (c₀) before the onset of bond degradation under shearing was found to correspond with a sharp decrease in the soil stiffness of the specimens. The influence of the effective confining stress (p^′_c) on both c₀ and D_c parameters gathered from each test was also ascertained.  相似文献   

From computed tomography to mechanics of granular materials via level set bridge     

Ivan Vlahinić  Reid Kawamoto  Edward Andò  Gioacchino Viggiani  José E. Andrade 《Acta Geotechnica》2017,12(1):85-95

This paper details the ‘level set bridge’: a single platform for the characterization of various aspects of granular micro-mechanics, including grain morphology, grain kinematics, and inter-granular contact. This platform is studied and verified for accuracy using synthetic examples, in particular, its robustness with respect to the variables of image resolution and noise. The level set bridge is then applied to analysis of XRCT images of real 3D triaxial experiments of two types of granular materials. Contact statistics and kinematics are reported inside and outside of the failure band of one, and kinematics inside a failure band are reported in the other, from preload to critical state.  相似文献