The coastal sustainability standard: A management systems approach to ICZM     

Anthony Gallagher 《Ocean & Coastal Management》2010,53(7):336-349

This paper presents a systems-based appraisal methodology that has been designed specifically to consider the effectiveness of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) initiatives. Since ICZM is defined in terms of achieving sustainable development, any such initiative must therefore be capable of meeting the multiple and often conflicting objectives inherent in this ubiquitous concept. The methodology outlined here is designed to critically review ICZM in order to pinpoint areas of management weakness and determine the likely ‘success’ of the process. It represents an example of a management system, incorporates both qualitative and quantitative information, and is proposed as a ‘Coastal Sustainability Standard’ (CoSS). Initial field testing of the methodology has proved successful and shown that the approach holds some efficacy as a means of assessment.  相似文献   

An observational study of a magneto-acoustic wave in the solar corona     

D. R. Williams  M. Mathioudakis  P. T. Gallagher  K. J. H. Phillips  R. T. J. MAteer  F. P. Keenan  P. Rudawy  A. C. Katsiyannis 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2002,336(3):747-752

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A STUDY ON CELLULAR AUTOMATA BASED ON RELATIONAL DATABASES AND SPATIO-TEMPORAL SIMULATIONS OF CULTURE DIFFUSION   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

MICHAELGallagher NIUHui-en LUOPing DUQing-yun HESu-fang LISen 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2002,12(4):359-365

This paper presents a development of the extended Cellular Automata (CA), based on relational databases(RDB), to model dynamic interactions among spatial objects. The integration of Geographical Information System (GIS)and CA has the great advantage of simulating geographical processes. But standard CA has some restrictions in cellularshape and neighbourheod and neighbour rules, which restrict the CA‘s ability to simulate complex, real world environ-ments. This paper discusses a cell‘‘s spatial relation based on the spatial object‘s geometrical and non-geometrical characteris-tics, and extends the cell‘‘ s neighbour definition, and considers that the cell‘ s neighbour lies in the forms of not only spa-tial adjacency but also attribute correlation. This paper then puts forward that spatial relations between two different ceilscan be divided into three types, including spatial adjacency, neighbourheod and complicated separation. Based on tradition-al ideas, it is impossible to settle CA‘‘s restrictions completely. RDB-based CA is an academic experiment, in whichsome fields are designed to describe the essential information needed to define and select a cell‘‘s neighbour. The cultureinnovation diffusion system has multiple forms of space diffusion and inherited characteristics that the RDB-based CA iscapable of simulating more effectively. Finally this paper details a successful case study on the diffusion of fashion weartrends. Compared to the original CA, the RDB-based CA is a more natural and efficient representation of human knowl-edge over space, and is an effective tool in simulating complex systems that have multiple forms of spatial diffusion.  相似文献   

Plasma diagnostics of active-region evolution and implications for coronal heating     

R. O. Milligan  P. T. Gallagher  M. Mathioudakis  F. P. Keenan  D. S. Bloomfield 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2005,363(1):259-267

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Star cluster formation and evolution in nearby starburst galaxies – I. Systematic uncertainties     

R. de Grijs  U. Fritze-v. Alvensleben  P. Anders  J. S. Gallagher III    N. Bastian  V. A. Taylor  R. A. Windhorst 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2003,342(1):259-273

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Requirements for observations from chemodynamical models     

John S. Gallagher 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2003,284(2):313-322

Chemodynamical models view the evolution of galaxies in the context of an ISM that is influenced both by the stars that it has made and the effects of the gravitational potential of the host system. While these models include complicated interactions within galaxies, they also exhibit general features, such as regulated star formation rates, mixing between various gas phases in the interstellar medium, and the transport of metals over large distances. These predictions are the basis for initial observational tests of the models, where good qualitative agreement is found, and offer a foundation for future quantitative comparisons with chemodynamical models. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

The influence of climate,hydrology and permafrost on Holocene peat accumulation at 3500 m on the eastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau     

David J. Large  Baruch Spiro  Marion Ferrat  Michaela Shopland  Malin Kylander  Kerry Gallagher  Xiangdong Li  Chengde Shen  Goran Possnert  Gan Zhang  W. George Darling  Dominik Weiss 《Quaternary Science Reviews》2009,28(27-28):3303-3314

Peatland of the eastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau lies at the convergence of the East Asian and Indian monsoon systems in eastern Asia. To understand the evolution of this peatland and its potential to provide new insights into the Holocene evolution of the East Asian monsoon a 6 m peat core was collected from the undisturbed central part of a peat deposit near Hongyuan. The age-depth profile was determined using 16 ¹⁴C-AMS age dates, the peat analysed for a range of environmental variables including carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen concentration, bulk density, δ¹³C and the associated spring water analysed for hydrogen and oxygen isotopes. The age-depth profile of the recovered peat sequence covers the period from 9.6 to 0.3 kyr BP and is linear indicating that the conditions governing productivity and decay varied little over the Holocene. Using changes in carbon density, organic carbon content and its δ¹³C, cold dry periods of permafrost characterised by low density and impeded surface drainage were identified. The low δ¹⁸O and δD values of the spring water emanating around the peat deposit, down to ?13.8 and ?102‰ (VSMOW), respectively, with an inverse relationship between electrical conductivity and isotopic composition indicate precipitation under colder and drier conditions relative to the present day. In view of the current annual mean air temperature of 1 °C this suggests conditions in the past have been conducive to permafrost. Inferred periods of permafrost correspond to independently recognised cold periods in other Holocene records from across China at 8.6, 8.2–7.8, 5.6–4.2, 3.1 and 1.8–1.5 kyr BP. The transition to a cold dry climate appears to be more rapid than the subsequent recovery and cold dry periods at Hongyuan are of longer duration than equivalent cold dry periods over central and eastern China. Light–dark banding peat on a scale of 15–30 years from 9.6 to 5.5 kyr BP may indicate a strong influence of decadal oscillations possibly the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and a potential link between near simultaneous climatic changes in the northwest Pacific, ENSO, movement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and the East Asian Monsoon.  相似文献   

Marine geology of Port Phillip,Victoria     

G. R. Holdgate  B. Geurin  M. W. Wallace  S. J. Gallagher 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(3):439-455

The marine geology of Port Phillip is described in detail, based on data from seismic profiling, vibrocoring and grab sampling. Three major unconsolidated facies can be distinguished: sands and muddy sands peripheral to the present coastline, muds covering the major central region, and channel fills of muds and sands. The first two facies units result from an increase in wave sorting towards the coast, reworking of Tertiary and Quaternary sandstone outcrops around the coast, and a dominant mud supply from river sources into the central area. The distribution and thicknesses of the unconsolidated facies have been augmented by a shallow‐seismic program that reveals the thicknesses of the modern sediments overlying an older surface comprised of consolidated clays and sandy clays of Pleistocene or older age. In central Port Phillip, muds and sands up to 27 m‐thick have infilled Pleistocene channels cut into underlying consolidated units. Sediments immediately above the channel bases show characteristic seismic patterns of fluvial deposition. The presence of peat deposits together with gas phenomena in the water column suggest organic breakdown of channel‐fill deposits is releasing methane into the bay waters. Outside the channel areas, carbon‐14 dating indicates that the unconsolidated sediments largely post‐date the last glaciation sea‐level rise (<6500 a BP), with an early Holocene period of rapid deposition, similar to other Australian estuaries. Stratigraphic and depositional considerations suggest that the undated channel‐fill sequences correlate with the formation of cemented quartz‐carbonate aeolianite and barrier sands on the Nepean Peninsula at the southern end of Port Phillip. Previous thermoluminescence dating of the aeolianites suggests that channel‐fill sequences B, C and D may have been deposited as fluvial and estuarine infills over the period between 57 and 8 ka. The eroded surface on the underlying consolidated sediments is probably the same 118 ka age as a disconformity within the Nepean aeolianites. Further estuarine and aeolianite facies extend below the disconformity to 60 m below sea‐level, and may extend the Quaternary depositional record to ca 810 ka. Pliocene and older Tertiary units progressively subcrop below the Quaternary northwards up the bay.  相似文献   

Studying Sun–Planet Connections Using the Heliophysics Integrated Observatory (HELIO)     

D. Pérez-Suárez  S. A. Maloney  P. A. Higgins  D. S. Bloomfield  P. T. Gallagher  G. Pierantoni  X. Bonnin  B. Cecconi  V. Alberti  K. Bocchialini  M. Dierckxsens  A. Opitz  A. Le Blanc  J. Aboudarham  R. B. Bentley  J. Brooke  B. Coghlan  A. Csillaghy  C. Jacquey  B. Lavraud  M. Messerotti 《Solar physics》2012,280(2):603-621

The Heliophysics Integrated Observatory (HELIO) is a software infrastructure involving a collection of web services, heliospheric data sources (e.g., solar, planetary, etc.), and event catalogues – all of which are accessible through a unified front end. In this paper we use the HELIO infrastructure to perform three case studies based on solar events that propagate through the heliosphere. These include a coronal mass ejection that intersects both Earth and Mars, a solar energetic particle event that crosses the orbit of Earth, and a high-speed solar wind stream, produced by a coronal hole, that is observed in situ at Earth (L1). A ballistic propagation model is run as one of the HELIO services and used to model these events, predicting if they will interact with a spacecraft or planet and determining the associated time of arrival. The HELIO infrastructure streamlines the method used to perform these kinds of case study by centralising the process of searching for and visualising data, indicating interesting features on the solar disk, and finally connecting remotely observed solar features with those detected by in situ solar wind and energetic particle instruments. HELIO represents an important leap forward in European heliophysics infrastructure by bridging the boundaries of traditional scientific domains.  相似文献   

Eocene–Miocene carbon-isotope and floral record from brown coal seams in the Gippsland Basin of southeast Australia     

Guy R. Holdgate  Brian McGowran  Tom Fromhold  Barbara E. Wagstaff  Stephen J. Gallagher  Malcolm W. Wallace  Ian R.K. Sluiter  Michael Whitelaw 《Global and Planetary Change》2009,65(1-2):89-103

The carbon-isotope and palynological record through 580 m thick almost continuous brown coal in southeast Australia's Gippsland Basin is a relatively comprehensive southern hemisphere Middle Eocene to Middle Miocene record for terrestrial change. The carbon isotope δ¹³C_coal values of these coals range from ? 27.7‰ to ? 23.2. This isotopic variability follows gymnosperm/angiosperm fluctuations, where higher ratios coincide with heavier δ¹³C values. There is also long-term variability in carbon isotopes through time. From the Eocene greenhouse world of high gymnosperm-heavier δ¹³C_coal values, there is a progressive shift to lighter δ¹³C_coal values that follows the earliest (Oi1?) glacial events around 33 Ma (Early Oligocene). The overlying Oligocene–Early Miocene brown coals have lower gymnosperm abundance, associated with increased %Nothofagus (angiosperm), and lightening of isotopes during Oligocene cooler conditions.The Miocene palynological and carbon-isotope record supports a continuation to the Oligocene trends until around the late Early Miocene (circa 19 Ma) when a warming commenced, followed by an even stronger isotope shift around 16 Ma that peaked in the Middle Miocene when higher gymnosperm abundance and heavier isotopes prevailed. The cycle between the two major warm peaks of Middle Eocene and Middle Miocene was circa 30 Ma long. This change corresponds to a fall in inferred pCO₂ levels for the same period. The Gippsland data suggest a link between gymnosperm abundance, long-term plant δ¹³C composition, climatic change, and atmospheric pCO₂. Climatic deterioration in the Late Miocene terminated peat accumulation in the Gippsland Basin and no further significant coals formed in southeast Australia.The poor correspondence between this terrestrial isotope data and the marine isotope record is explained by the dominant control on δ¹³C by the gymnosperm/angiosperm abundance, although in turn this poor correspondence may reflect palaeoclimate control. From the brown coal seam dating, the coal appears to have accumulated during a considerable part of the allocated 30 Ma Cenozoic time period. These brown coal carbon isotope and palynological data appear to record a more gradual atmospheric carbon isotope change compared to the marine record.  相似文献