Real-time data collection quality assurance models in three-dimensional spatial information systems     

HOWARD TURNER 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(4):295-306

Abstract

Databases used in geographical information systems must be supplied with current data. Maps are usually out of date when they are published. Satellite imagery and aerial photographs supply up-to-date three-dimensional data. Three different models for real-time quality assurance control in three-dimensional data collection for geographical information systems are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the visual detection of ‘blunders’ in three-dimensional data. One data collection quality assurance model has been implemented in the Photogrammetric Analysis Laboratory at Purdue University. An example from this system is given and the precision and speed of digitization of three-dimensional data are discussed.  相似文献   

The chemistry and origin of the Lewisian gneisses of the Scottish mainland: The Scourie and Inver Assemblages and sub-crustal accretion     

James Grenville Holland  Richard St.John Lambert 《Precambrian Research》1975,2(2):161-188

New chemical data for 21 elements with appropriate factor analyses and new Sr isotope data, together with previously published chemical, geochronological and Pb isotope data are used to re-examine the origin and history of the garnet-pyroxene granulites of the Scottish Mainland Lewisian and their amphibolised equivalents. The quartz-dioritic average composition is allied to chemical variations which bear resemblances to a calc-alkalic differentiation trend, but the behaviour of Na, K, Sr, Zr, Zn and Cr differ from a standard volcanic pattern. The arguments used hitherto in favour of a volcanic or sedimentary origin or both, are rejected in favour of a modified plutonic igneous hypothesis in which magma was accreted to a primitive crust from below in an underplating process, with crystallisation occurring under granulite-facies conditions accompanied by synchronous deformation. As a result, the primitive andesitic magma crystallised directly to rock singularly devoid of some incompatible elements, especially K, Rb, Nb, Y, Th and U. The garnet-pyroxene granulites of the Scourie assemblage have exceptionally high K/Rb and Ca/Y ratios, and low K/Ba and K/Sr ratios to a degree unusual even in the granulite facies elsewhere. The extreme deficiency in Rb and U has led to a ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio today of only 0.7021 ± 0.0004 and to equally primitive Pb isotope ratios. These latter may indicate an age-stratified crust with older isotopic ages at the top, compatible with an underplating process occurring over a considerable period, which we name slow sub-crustal accretion.Subsequent to the development of the Scourie assemblage, release of stored stresses led to near-isochemical metamorphism in a succession of shear zones with the formation of the amphibolite-facies Inver assemblage. On its northern margin, adjacent to the more alkaline Laxford assemblage, enrichment in Li, K and Rb occurred in Inver assemblage rocks, a phenomenon not seen elsewhere.  相似文献   

Effects of land use and fine-scale environmental heterogeneity on net ecosystem production over a temperate coniferous forest landscape   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

DAVID P. TURNER  MICHAEL GUZY  MICHAEL A. LEFSKY  STEVE VAN TUYL  OSBERT SUN  CHRIS DALY  BEVERLY E. LAW 《Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorology》2003,55(2):657-668

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DEGLACIATION OF THE EASTERN FLANK OF THE NORTH PATAGONIAN ICEFIELD AND ASSOCIATED CONTINENTAL-SCALE LAKE DIVERSIONS   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

K.J. TURNER  C.J. FOGWILL  R.D. McCULLOCH  D.E. SUGDEN 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2005,87(2):363-374

ABSTRACT. We examine the deglaciation of the eastern flank of the North Patagonian Icefield between latitudes 46° and 48°S in an attempt to link the chronology of the Last Glacial Maximum moraines and those close to present-day outlet glaciers. The main features of the area are three shorelines created by ice-dammed lakes that drained eastwards to the Atlantic. On the basis of 16 ¹⁴C and exposure age dates we conclude that there was rapid glacier retreat at 15–16 ka (calendar ages) that saw glaciers retreat 90–125 km to within 20 km of their present margins. There followed a phase of glacier and lake stability at 13.6–12.8 ka. The final stage of deglaciation occurred at c. 12.8 ka, a time when the lake suddenly drained, discharging nearly 2000 km³ to the Pacific Ocean. This latter event marks the final separation of the North and South Patagonian Icefields. The timing of the onset of deglaciation and its stepped nature are similar to elsewhere in Patagonia and the northern hemisphere. However, the phase of lake stability, coinciding with the Antarctic Cold Reversal and ending during the Younger Dryas interval, mirrors climatic trends as recorded in Antarctic ice cores. The implication is that late-glacial changes in southern Patagonia were under the influence of the Antarctic realm and out of phase with those of the northern hemisphere.  相似文献   

ETHNIC RESIDENTIAL CONCENTRATIONS IN UNITED STATES METROPOLITAN AREAS     

JAMES P. ALLEN  EUGENE TURNER 《Geographical review》2005,95(2):267-285

ABSTRACT. Although residential concentrations of immigrant ethnic groups in cities were common a century ago, it is not clear to what extent members of more recently arrived groups live near each other. We attempt to determine how common such clustered settlement is today, using 2000 census data to measure concentrations of Asians, Hispanics, and their larger ethnic subgroups in fifteen large metropolitan areas. The percentage of an ethnic group that is residentially concentrated correlated significantly with the group's proportion in an area. With metropolitan areas weighted equally, 38 percent of Hispanics and 13 percent of Asians were concentrated. However, when we analyzed eight specific nationality groups, the residentially concentrated proportion ranged from 14 to 59 percent. Level of cultural assimilation appears to explain group differences in level of concentration. Although ethnic concentrations were more pronounced in the largest metropolitan areas, important concentrations were also found in many of the smaller areas in our study.  相似文献   

Carbon sequestration by forests of the United States. Current status and projections to the year 2040   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

DAVID P. TURNER  GREG J. KOERPER  MARK E. HARMON  JEFFREY J. LEE 《Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorology》1995,47(1-2):232-239

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A diagnostic carbon flux model to monitor the effects of disturbance and interannual variation in climate on regional NEP   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

D. P. TURNER  W. D. RITTS  J. M. STYLES  Z. YANG  W. B. COHEN  B. E. LAW  P. E. THORNTON 《Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorology》2006,58(5):476-490

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Earth accretionary systems in space and time,edited by P.A. Cawood and A. Kröner. Geological Society Special Publication 318, London, 2009. No. of pages: viii+415. ISBN 978‐1‐86239‐278‐6 (hardback).     

Grenville Draper 《Geological Journal》2011,46(4):392-392

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Chinese Scientists Have Obtained Great Achievements in Comprehensive Research on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau     

HAO Ziguo  FEI Hongcai  LIU Lian  and Susan TURNER 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(2):629-630

The China Geological Survey carried out 1:250000 regional geological surveys of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 1999 to 2005.With a total investment of 300 million yuan,more than 1000 geologists were involved annually to conduct mapping at a grid of one line to every four km along the Kunlun Mts-Altyn Shan-Tanggula Shan,Kokoxili-Qiangtang,Gangdese,Yalun Zangbu River,and finally to the Himalayan ranges.The extensive mapping culminated in a total of 112maps covering an area of 152 square kilometers.Based on this success,the China Geological Survey launched another program,the "Integration and Comprehensive Study of Basic Geological Survey Result(s) in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau".The program lasted from 2006 to 2010 and has yielded copious research results,making big strides in upgrading our understanding of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.The achievements are manifold.  相似文献   

2013 Production of China’s Shale Gas Reaches 200 Million Cubic Meters and the First Transportation Pipeline Constructed     

HAO Ziguo  FEI Hongcai  LIU Lian  Susan TURNER 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(5):1472-1472

Results of the global shale gas resources show that minable resources of global shale gas are 187 trillion cubic meters(tcm),of which China accounts for 36 tcm(about 20%of the total amount),which is mainly distributed in the Sichuan Basin,Yangtze Terrace,and Ordos Basin.From 2009 to 2012,China completed an accumulative number of 129 drilling wells related to shale gas,including 46 investigated vertical wells,55 exploration wells and  相似文献