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Temporal analysis of groundwater nitrate concentrations from wells in Prince Edward Island,Canada: application of a linear mixed effects model 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Victoria S. Benson John A. VanLeeuwen Henrik Stryhn George H. Somers 《Hydrogeology Journal》2007,15(5):1009-1019
Changes in nitrate concentration in groundwater from wells in Prince Edward Island, Canada were investigated over time using two datasets. Temporal trends in groundwater nitrate concentrations were assessed annually during 1981–1996 (1,299 observations), and both seasonally and monthly during 1988–1991 (1,868 observations). Data were analysed using linear mixed models with random effects and correlation structures. The average nitrate concentration in the monthly dataset was 3.99 mg/L as NO3–N, with January, May, and November concentrations being higher (p?=?0.018). A seasonal effect was present when season was combined with land use type in an interaction term (p?=?0.004). Wells located in agricultural areas had greater nitrate concentrations than urban areas, which in turn, had greater values than low human-impact areas. Row-cropped areas had higher groundwater nitrate concentrations in the summer, whereas manure storage areas were higher in the spring and autumn. Nitrate in groundwater in areas with low human impact and with centralized sewage disposal infrastructure remained relatively low and stable throughout the seasons. There was no significant annual trend (p?=?0.954), but for individual sites, 9.6% significantly increased in nitrate concentration over time, and 6.6% significantly decreased over time. 相似文献
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Henrik Breuning-Madsen Thilde Bech Bruun Bo Elberling 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2010,31(1):85-99
One of the challenges of evaluating existing traditional farming systems is to combine local knowledge and modern scientific methods and terminology. This requires an evaluation of indigenous soil classification in modern terms. This paper focuses on an indigenous soil classification system developed by local farmers on the island of Bellona, Solomon Islands. The definitions of the different soil types are described and the principles of the classification system and the applicability of ethnopedology in soil surveys are discussed. Based on interviews with about 20 per cent of the farmers on the island as well as standard soil chemical and physical determinations on main soil types, an evaluation of the soil types for cultivation of various crops is carried out. The soils on Bellona are developed on oolitic or clayey phosphate-rich deposits forming the basis for the agriculture production on the island. The Bellonese soil classification system is mainly based on the physical properties of the humus-containing top layer. Subsoil layers are only used for classification if they are very close to the surface and may be mixed with the topsoil. Results show a general agreement among farmers, who perceive the same four out of seven soil types as highly useful for cultivation and rank these soil types similarly according to their suitability for different crops such as yam, watermelon, cassava and sweet potato. It is concluded that the indigenous soil classification is in line with the soil production potential and useful for land evaluation on Bellona. 相似文献
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Jesper Stokkendal Henrik Friis Johan B. Svendsen Mette Lise K. Poulsen Lars Hamberg 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2009
The Hermod sand of the Stine Segments, Siri Field, Danish North Sea, displays large permeability variations (1–600 mD). These permeability variations represent horizontal layering in the reservoir, largely formed by diagenetic processes. They have a significant impact on reservoir performance, because horizontal producers in fairly thin reservoirs (∼30 m) are protected against bottom-water influx and can produce water-free for long periods of time. 相似文献
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