Junge Vulkano-Plutone in Südwestafrika     

Hermann Korn  Henno Martin 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1939,30(6):631-636

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

Können Eisensäuerlinge die Genese der Lahn-Dill-Erze erklären?     

Hermann Harder 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1964,9(5):379-422

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Public climate-change skepticism,energy preferences and political participation     

Anita Engels  Otto Hüther  Mike Schäfer  Hermann Held 《Global Environmental Change》2013,23(5):1018-1027

Many studies have shown a general decline of public concern about climate change or vice versa a rise in public climate-change skepticism, in particular in the U.S. and other Anglo-Saxon countries. There is a vivid debate on whether this is a global phenomenon, on which factors explain the decline, and on the broader societal implications of these trends in the context of the transformation toward a low-carbon society. We add to this literature by presenting the results of a recent general population survey in Germany in which we looked for systematic linkages between public climate-change skepticism on one hand, and energy preferences and political participation on the other. Germany is an interesting testbed as it is currently involved in a large-scale restructuring of its system of energy supply toward renewable energy sources (the “Energiewende”). Our results indicate that climate-change skepticism has not diffused widely in Germany, but that it correlates with less support of renewable energy sources. However, skepticism correlates negatively with political participation, and there is no strong political outlet for public climate-change skepticism in Germany. Alternative potential barriers for the successful implementation of the “Energiewende” are also discussed.  相似文献   

Coma Structures in Comet 73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3, Components B and C,Between January and May 2006     

Jean-Baptiste Vincent  Hermann Böhnhardt  Ivano Bertini  Luisa-Maria Lara  Michael Küppers  Rafael Rodrigo 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》2010,106(1):27-35

The Jupiter family comet 73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3 has been widely observed since 1995 after a nucleus break-up event produced at least five components labeled 73P-A to E. During the 2006 appearance, two of them (B and C) showed very strong coma activity. Our R-filter imaging of 73P-B & C from 21 January to 25 May 2006 revealed the presence of fan-like structures in the comae of both components and evidence for further fragmentation events in component B. As of early April 2006, component C showed two jets emanating from the nucleus, with one continuously visible. Through a simulation of the orbital geometry we infer that the rotation axis of 73P-C has an inclination of 20° to the orbital plane and a longitude of 45° at perihelion. The coma activity of component B was highly variable, displaying signatures of at least 3 fragmentation events. The coma was characterized by the continuous presence of a jet roughly in sunward direction, starting from the beginning of May. The first fragmentation event of component B may have happened between April 16 and April 26, leading to the presence of at least 6 fragments detected in images of May 2. The second one happened on or shortly before May 8, the third one between May 18 and 24. For the rotation axis of 73P-B we infer an inclination of 5°–15° to the orbital plane and a longitude of 20°–30° at perihelion.  相似文献   

Process identification through rejection of model structures in a mid‐mountainous rural catchment: observations of rainfall–runoff response,geophysical conditions and model inter‐comparison     

Thomas Graeff  Erwin Zehe  Dominik Reusser  Erika Lück  Boris Schröder  Gerald Wenk  Hermann John  Axel Bronstert 《水文研究》2009,23(5):702-718

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Simulation of spatiotemporal dynamics of water fluxes in Germany under climate change     

Shaochun Huang  Valentina Krysanova  Hermann Österle  Fred F. Hattermann 《水文研究》2010,24(23):3289-3306

In most of Europe, an increase in average annual surface temperature of 0·8 °C is observed, and a further increase is projected. Precipitation tends to increase in northern Europe and decrease in southern Europe, with variable trends in central Europe. The climate scenarios for Germany suggest an increase in precipitation in western Germany and a decrease in eastern Germany, and a shift of precipitation from summer to winter. When investigating the effects of climate change, impacts on water resources are among the main concerns. In this study, the first German‐wide impact assessment of water fluxes dynamics under climate change is presented in a spatially and temporally distributed manner using the state‐of‐the‐art regional climate model, Statistical Regional (STAR) model and the semi‐distributed process‐based eco‐hydrological model, soil and water integrated model (SWIM). All large river basins in Germany (lower Rhine, upper Danube, Elbe, Weser and Ems) are included. A special focus of the study was on data availability, homogeneity of data sets, related uncertainty propagation in the model results and scenario‐related uncertainty. After the model calibration and validation (efficiency from 0·6 to 0·9 in 80% of cases) the water flow components were simulated at the hydrotope level, and the spatial distributions were compared with those in the Hydrological Atlas of Germany. The actual evapotransipration is likely to increase in most parts of Germany, while total runoff generation may decrease in south and east regions. The results for the second scenario period 2051–2060 show that water discharge in all six rivers would be 8–30% lower in summer and autumn compared with the reference period, and the strongest decline is expected for the Saale, Danube and Neckar. Higher winter flow is expected in all of these rivers, and the increase is most significant for the Ems (about 18%). However, the uncertainty of impacts, especially in winter and for high water flows, remains high. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Bemerkungen zum Problem der globalen Klimaschwankungen     

Hermann Flohn 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》1958,9(1):1-13

Zusammenfassung Auf der Grundlage des raumzeitlichen atmosph?rischen Turbulenzspektrums wird die M?glichkeit einer über die Erdatmosph?re hinausgreifenden Ausdehnung der Klimaschwankungen er?rtert. Der globale Anstieg der Temperatur und des Meeresspiegels führt auf die Existenz von überschüssen oder Defiziten in unseren globalen Haushaltsrechnungen, deren einzelne Terme — besonders Wasserhaushalt und CO₂-Kreislauf —in dieser Hinsicht diskutiert werden. Die Differenz zwischen der beobachteten Zunahme des CO₂-Gehaltes und der relativen Abnahme des C¹⁴-Anteils wird auf anthropogene Vegetationszerst?rung zurückgeführt. Die Klimaschwankungen der letzten 1000 Jahre warnen vor einer übersch?tzung der CO₂-Theorie der gegenw?rtigen Erw?rmung.

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Summary Based on the spectrum of atmospheric turbulence in time and space, the author discusses the possibility to extend the climatic variations beyond the earth's atmosphere. The global increase of temperature and sea level leads to the existence of a surplus or a deficit in the global balance, the terms of which — especially water balance and CO₂-cycle—are discussed. The difference between the observed increase of CO₂-content and the decreasing portion of C¹⁴ may be due to man-made destruction of vegetation. The climatic variations of the last 1000 years may caution against an over-estimation of the CO₂-hypothesis.

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Résumé En se fondant sur le spectre de la turbulence atmosphérique dans le temps et dans l'espace, l'auteur discute la possibilité d'étendre le domaine des variations climatiques en dépassant le cadre de l'atmosphère. L'élévation universelle de température et le relèvement du niveau des océans conduit à admettre des excédents ou des déficits de l'économie générale telle qu'on la calcule; les termes de cette économie, en particulier la teneur en eau et le cycle de CO₂ sont ici examinés. L'écart entre l'accroissement constaté de la teneur en CO₂ et la diminution relative du C¹⁴ s'explique par la destruction végétale due à l'homme. Les variations climatiques du millénaire écoulé doivent mettre en garde contre une application mal fondée de la théorie du CO₂ à l'explication du réchauffement actuel.

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Herrn Dr.Anders K. ?ngstr?m zu seinem 70. Geburtstag gewidmet.  相似文献   

Zur Genese der kretazischen Eisenerze von Auerbach (Oberpfalz)     

Dr. Kurt v. Gehzen  Dr. Hermann Harder 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1956,5(2):118-138

Zusammenfassung Die kretazischen Auèrbacher Eisenerze sind in Erosionsrirmän in Malmkalk bzw. -dolomit überwiegend syngenetisch-sedimentär durch, Ausfällung von Fe⁺⁺-und HCO₃ -Ionen enthaltenden Lösungen als Siderit bzw. — nach Oxydation des Eisens - als Nadeleisenerz zur Ablagerung gelangt. Ein Teil der heute vorliegenden Nadeleisenerze ist auch auf spätere Oxydation von primärem Eisenkarbonat zurückzuführen. Wesentliche Hinweise auf die Genese geben — außerden Lagerungsverhältnissen — vor allem der geringe Aluminiumgehalt der hochprozentigen Erze und der hohe Kohlenstoffgehalt der Weißerze; daneben werden auch andere Elemente, wie Bor, Yttrium, Phosphor, Mangan, Titan usw. zur Dentung herangezogen.Den Herren der Maxhütte möchten wir für die Förderung der Arbeit und die Erlaubnis zur Veröffentlichung und Herrn Prof. Dr. C. W.,Correns für seine vielseitige Unterstützung aufrichtig danken, außerdem auch Herrn Prof. Dr. Tx. ERNST, in dessen Institut ein Teil der abschließenden Arbeiten durchgeführt wurde. Herrn Dr. H.Tilliviann (Bayer. Geol, Landesamts danken wir für zahlreiche, freundliche Hinweise und die Überlassung von Proben.  相似文献   

A geodetic approach for the recovery of global kinematic plate parameters     

Hermann Drewes 《Journal of Geodesy》1982,56(1):70-79

Modern techniques of precise geodetic positioning are capable of monitoring global tectonic movements. We can avoid the tremendous effort of observing those point motions at every place on the earth, if we accept the model of rigid tectonic plates, which allows us to extrapolate from discrete point observations to the appertaining plates. The target of describing plate kinematics is the determination of its kinematic parameters, which are the coordinates of the rotation pole and the rotational velocity of each tectonic plate. A mathematical model is presented, which is capable of including geodetic observations (point coordinate shifts, distance changes) as well as geophysical quantities (sea floor spreading rates, earthquake slip vectors). The parameter estimation procedure is derived and demonstrated in simulated examples. Finally a global geodetic network for space techniques is designed, which provides an optimum parameter estimation.  相似文献   

Background of a geophysical model of the initiation of the next glaciation     

Hermann Flohn 《Quaternary Research》1974,4(4):385-404

Evidence of (at least) five rapid hemispheric coolings of about 5°C during the last 10⁵ yr has been found, each event spread over not more than about a century, as examples of a global-scale climatic intransitivity. Only some of them lead to a complete glaciation at the northern continents, others ended after a few centuries by a sudden warming (“abortive glaciation”). Starting from a modified version of Wilson's hypothesis of Antarctic ice surges, an air-sea interaction model with realistic geophysical parameters is outlined to interpret the sudden initiation of the North American ice sheet. Special attention is given to the Atlantic section, where the climatic anomalies during the last glaciation appear to have been significantly larger than in other sections.  相似文献