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51.
Hervé Trebossen Benoît Deffontaines Nicolas Classeau Jacob Kouame Jean-Paul Rudant 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2005,337(13):1140-1153
This paper aims at illustrating different case examples of monitoring active coastal evolutions using remote sensing synthetic aperture radar images (ERS 1–2 and Envisat) in humid tropical areas. Effectively, the radar satellite images may be acquired under most climate conditions, especially in cloudy tropical areas. As case examples, we studied herein French Guiana shoreline and its fast evolution under the combined influences of sea currents, sediments and swells. We focused on two aspects of French Guiana littoral evolution: (1) sedimentation and erosion processes linked to mud banks displacements around Kourou City, and (2) around Iracoubo village. Lastly, we compared this short-term sedimentation balance with long-term data showing the discrepancies of short- and long-term littoral evolutions on whole French Guiana. To conclude, this work demonstrates the importance of SAR imagery to provide high-quality and high-frequency update geographic information for coastal management and littoral hazards especially in such tropical humid and cloudy areas. To cite this article: H. Trebossen et al., C. R. Geoscience 337 (2005). 相似文献
52.
Visualization of Volcanic Rock Geochemical Data and Classification with Artificial Neural Networks 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Juan Pablo Lacassie Javier Ruiz del Solar Barry Roser Francisco Hervé 《Mathematical Geology》2006,38(6):697-710
An unsupervised neural network technique, Growing Cell Structures (GCS) was used to visualize geochemical differences between
four different island arc volcanic rock types: basalts, andesites, dacites and rhyolites. The output of the method shows the
cluster structure of the dataset clearly, and the relevant geochemical patterns and relationships between its variables. The
data can be separated into four clusters, each associated with a specific volcanic rock type (basalt, andesite, dacite and
rhyolite), according to a unique combination of major element concentrations. Following clustering, performance of the trained
GCS network as a classifier of volcanic rock type was tested using two test datasets with major element concentration data
for 312 and 496 island arc volcanic rock samples of known volcanic type. Preliminary classification results are promising.
In the first test dataset 94% of basalts, 76% of andesites, 83% of dacites and 100% of the rhyolites were classified correctly.
Successful classification rates in the second dataset were 100%, 80%, 77%, and 98% respectively. The success of the analysis
suggests that neural networks analysis constitutes a useful analytical tool for identification of natural clusters and examination
of the relationships between numeric variables in large datasets, and that can be used for automatic classification of new
data. 相似文献
53.
A. C. Adriasola S. N. Thomson M. R. Brix F. Hervé B. Stöckhert 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2006,95(3):504-528
Zircon and apatite fission track (FT) thermochronology was applied to investigate the history of cooling and denudation of the Southern Andes between 41° and 42°15′S in relation to the late Cenozoic activity of the Liquiñe-Ofqui fault zone (LOFZ) and the northward migration of the Chile Triple Junction (CTJ). Fifty-six zircon and 51 apatite FT ages, plus 37 apatite confined track-length distributions were obtained mainly from plutonic rocks of the North Patagonian Batholith (NPB) in the main Andean Cordillera. Apatite FT ages and track lengths indicate a stage of rapid cooling at ∼5--3 Ma along both sides of the LOFZ, whereas older Miocene ages with monotonous cooling histories were obtained further away from the fault. Zircon FT ages range from Cretaceous to Pliocene, with marked differences observed along and across the LOFZ. Three different types of temperature-time histories characterise the post-magmatic cooling of the NPB in the region: deep intrusions with moderate and steady cooling rates, intrusions in the upper crust with very slow cooling rates following a stage of initial rapid cooling, and rapidly cooled and exhumed shallow intrusions, the latter with younger ages towards the fault zone. The most prominent denudation episode along the LOFZ is late Miocene to Pliocene, coeval with plate tectonic reconstructions for the arrival and subduction of the Chile Rise beneath the Taitao Peninsula. 相似文献
54.
A methodology study of the validation of clouds in GCMs using ISCCP satellite observations 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
Wei Yu Marie Doutriaux Geneviève Sèze Hervé Le Treut Michel Desbois 《Climate Dynamics》1996,12(6):389-401
The cloudiness fields simulated by a general circulation model and a validation using the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) satellite observations are presented. An adapted methodology is developed, in which the issue of the sub-grid scale variability of the cloud fields, and how it may affect the comparison exercise, is considered carefully. In particular different assumptions about the vertical overlap of cloud layers are made, allowing us to reconstruct the cloud distribution inside a model grid column. Carrying out an analysis directly comparable to that of ISCCP then becomes possible. The relevance of this method is demonstrated by its application to the evaluation of the cloud schemes used in Laboratoire de Météoroligie Dynamique (LMD) general circulation model. We compare cloud properties, such as cloud-top height and cloud optical thickness, analysed by ISCCP and simulated by the LMD GCM. The results show that a direct comparison of simulated low cloudiness and that shown from satellites is not possible. They also reveal some model deficiencies concerning the cloud vertical distribution. Some of these features depend little on the cloud overlap assumption and may reveal inadequate parameterisation of the boundary layer mixing or the cloud water precipitation rate. High convective clouds also appear to be too thick. 相似文献
55.
56.
Éric Chaumillon Hervé Gillet Nicolas Weber Michel Tesson 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(2):119-126
The evolution and the internal architecture of an estuary type sand ridge has been studied with a set of bathymetric data recorded during the last two centuries and with a dense grid of recent very high resolution seismic profiles. Bathymetric data of the so-called, Longe de Boyard sand ridge, displays sand losts due to wave and tide erosion. Internal geometry, through seismic profile analysis, indicates two main phases of deposition recording both, a recent high energy environment and an older low energy one, respectively. Such an evolution is believed to record changes in sedimentation processes mainly related to the end of the Holocene transgression (8 000–5 000 yr BP). To cite this article: É. Chaumillon et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 119–126. 相似文献
57.
Jean-François Royer Daniel Cariolle Fabrice Chauvin Michel Déqué Hervé Douville Rong-Ming Hu Serge Planton Annie Rascol Jean-Louis Ricard David Salas Y Melia Florence Sevault Pascal Simon Samuel Somot Sophie Tyteca Laurent Terray Sophie Valcke 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(3):147-154
Two climate simulations of 150 years, performed with a coupled ocean/sea-ice/atmosphere model including stratospheric ozone, respectively with and without heterogeneous chemistry, simulate the tropospheric warming associated with an increase of the greenhouse effect of carbon dioxide and other trace gases since 1950 and their impact on sea–ice extent, as well as the stratospheric cooling and its impact on ozone concentration. The scenario with heterogeneous chemistry reproduces the formation of the ozone hole over the South Pole from the 1970s and its deepening until the present time, and shows that the ozone hole should progressively fill during the coming decades. To cite this article: J.-F. Royer et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 147–154. 相似文献
58.
We studied a large debris-avalanche deposit of Pleistocene age in the Tenteniguada Basin, Gran Canaria Island, Spain. This
deposit, which is well preserved because it is mostly covered by basanite lava flows, has distinctive matrix and block facies,
hummocky topography and internal structures typical of debris avalanches. However, neither syneruptive lavas nor some characteristic
features of volcanic debris-avalanche deposits, such as a stratovolcano edifice or a horseshoe-shaped crater, are present.
The occurrence of internal features characteristic of volcanic avalanche deposits could be attributed to the volcanic materials
involved in the movement rather than to the triggering of the avalanche during a volcanic eruption. The conditioning factors
are shown to be associated with specific structural and hydrological conditions, such as the presence of old volcanic domes,
strength reduction of the rocks, effective stress decrease, active gully erosion and water table rise during Pleistocene humid
episodes. We finally suggest that the possible triggering factor of the avalanche was a neighbouring volcanic or tectonic
earthquake. 相似文献
59.
Seismic attenuation,normal moveout stretch,and low‐frequency shadows underlying bottom simulating reflector events
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José M. Carcione Ayman N. Qadrouh Hervé Perroud Davide Gei Jing Ba Stefano Picotti 《Geophysical Prospecting》2018,66(5):857-871
In many cases, the seismic response of bottom‐simulating reflectors is characterised by low frequencies called “low‐frequency shadow”. Generally, this phenomenon is interpreted as attenuation due to partial saturation with free gas. Actually, this frequency loss may have multiple causes, with a normal moveout stretch as a possible candidate. To analyse this phenomenon, we compute synthetic seismograms by assuming a lossy bottom‐simulating layer, with varying quality factor and thickness, bounded by the upper hydrate‐brine/gas‐brine and lower gas‐brine/brine interfaces. First, we estimate the shift of the centroid frequency of the power spectrum as a function of the travelled distance of the seismic pulse. Then, we perform one‐dimensional numerical experiments to quantify the loss of frequency of the seismic event below the bottom‐simulating reflector as a function of the quality factor of the bottom‐simulating layer and its thickness (due to wave interference). Then, we compute shot gathers to obtain the stacked section, with and without the normal moveout stretch correction and with and without the presence of wave attenuation in the bottom‐simulating layer. The results indicate that the low‐frequency shadow due to the normal moveout stretch is stronger than that due to attenuation and may constitute a false indicator of the presence of gas. In fact, often, the low‐frequency shadow overlies events with higher frequencies, in contradiction with the physics of wave propagation. This is particularly evident when the low‐frequency shadow is so extensive that the presence of high frequencies below cannot be justified by the acquisition geometry. 相似文献
60.
The assessment of net rainfall, defined as the intermediate hydrological variable linked in between the hillslope and the river network, is a challenge. This paper presents a method for net rainfall estimation, using inverse modelling associated to a geomorphology-based transfer function. The analysis is carried out in semi-arid Tunisia, with a dataset from event discharges in a mesoscale dryland basin. A complete sensitivity analysis is developed, along with a discussion of validity limits for simplifying assumptions and the identification of paths for improvement. This work could be relevant for data-scarce areas, thanks to the use of simple dynamic conceptualization and being based on observable geomorphological features, adjusted to the available data and knowledge. 相似文献