On the depth dependence of the solar rotation velocity determined from fraunhofer lines     

Horst Balthasar 《Solar physics》1983,84(1-2):371-376

From 63 mostly unblended Fraunhofer lines measured along the solar east-west diameter the rotation velocity has been determined. The mean value is 1986 km s^#X2212;1. The velocity decreases with the optical depth in the photosphere. Over a range of 700 km the difference of the velocities is 41 m s^#X2212;1 for the Holweger-Müller atmosphere or 34 m s^#X2212;1 for the Harvard Smithsonian reference atmosphere.  相似文献   

On the contribution of horizontal granular motions to observed limb-effect curves     

Horst Balthasar 《Solar physics》1985,99(1-2):31-38

From the comparison of 59 iron lines at the center of the solar disk with laboratory wavelenghts, the mean vertical velocity of solar granulation and its depth dependence is determined. These values are used to calculate limb-effect curves. The differences to observed curves are interpreted as mean horizontal motions. These motions yield again a depth dependence showing Doppler shifts toward the observer in deep layers and away from the observer in high layers for regions away from the disk center. Values from - 400 m s^–1 through + 500 m s^–1 are obtained.  相似文献   

Comment on `Footprint Analysis: A Closed Analytical Solution Based on Height-Dependent Profiles of Wind Speed and Eddy Viscosity'     

T. W. Horst 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2001,101(3):435-447

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Der Eintrag von Organohalogenverbindungen über die Atmosphäre in die Nordsee     

Dr. Horst Gaul 《Ocean Dynamics》1987,40(5):221-224

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

Stratigraphische und tektonische Verknüpfungen kontinentaler Sedimente des Neogens im Ägäis-Raum     

Prof. Dr. Horst Bögek 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1983,72(3):771-813

Research carried out on lacustrine Gastropods of Neogene age from sediments of continental faciès (“molasse”) on some Aegean islands (Kos, Rhodes, Naxos, Eremonisia, Makares, Paros, Anaphi, Crete, Samos, Chios, Euboea) led to the conclusion that certain strata are much older than hitherto suggested. During Serravallian and Tortonian times limnic and fluviatile sediments must have been by far more widespread in the Aegean Region than earlier supposed. It can be shown furthermore that most of these older series of sediments south of the ?Medean Christalline Belt” and on the top of the ?Attic-Cycladic Complex” are allochthonous or parautochthonous. They obviously became involved in movements of the “Central” and “Western Hellenic Nappes” as defined byJacobshagen et al., 1978. Similar events in the Northern Apennines are known by the catchword “Loiano-Effect”. During Tortonian times decoupling occured within these nappe piles. Subunits consisting in part of Neogene strata, sometimes still connected to their ophiolitic basement, started to move separately into northern (Cyclades) or southern (Kos-Island) directions. A compounded nappe, in this paper called “Aegean Nappe”, consisting of parts of the “Pelagonian Nappe”, the “Ophiolite Nappe” and slices of the “molasse”-series emerged. Locally marine sediments of Lower to Middle Miocene age suggested to be autochthonous were overthrust or cut up in front of the moving nappe (Kos, Rhodes). On some islands of the Cyclades (Naxos, Paros, Eremonisia, Makares, Mykonos) remnants of the “Aegean Nappe” rest on top of the “Lower Unit” of the “Attic-Cycladic complex” as defined byAltherr et al., 1979, and are equivalent to the “Upper Unit” of authors. The paroxysm of those decouplings happened during the upper Tortonian (8–10 Ma); it presumably influenced sedimentary processes of that time on Crete. The view is taken that the movements of nappes were caused by local crustal rising and, hence, gravity controlled.  相似文献   

Verfahren zur Nitrateliminierung im Gewässer     

N. Fichtner 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1983,11(3):339-345

In a storage reservoir with a hypolimnic volume of 3.5 hm³ the water contains 40 mg/l nitrate. A straw bale of 60 by 20 by 1.5 m was introduced as a reactor. Hypolimnic water having been polluted with a waste product of the fatty acid synthesis (30 … 20% formic, acetic, propionic, butyric and valeric acids) were pumped through it. By the use of a total of 43.8 t fatty acid mixture from June to August an additional oxygen depletion of 14 t O₂ is achieved and 49 t NO₃^? are removed at the same time. The ammonium concentration did not increase, the NO₂^? concentration, however, rose to 12 … 13 mg/l NO₂ at times. The fatty acids were used up save 0.1 mg/l. The increase of the NO₂^? concentration, of the number of germs and of the iron, manganese and phosphorus back solution due to the controlled anaerobic conditions is the drawback of the process.  相似文献   

Geodynamische Interpretation Ostkretas     

Prof. Dr. Horst Wachendorf  Dr. Gerhard Best  Dr. Werner Gwosdz 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1975,64(1):728-750

The phenomenon of “Stockwerk“-tectonics characterizes Eastern Crete. Autochthonous bedded limestone (“Plattenkalk”) is overlain by the allochthonous units of the “Phyllitic-Series”, the Tripolitza- und Pindos-Series. The “Phyllitic-Series” were recognized as a mélange. The mélange is due to gravity-sliding tectonics under an overburden pressure. Geological evolution and geophysical data across the section Santorin-Crete were interpreted. Instead of a mobile crust hypothesis of moving plates with subduction zones a fixed crust hypothesis of vertical uplift and corresponding subsidence is suggested. The nappe transport by forces of gravity is a secondary effect.  相似文献   

Verteilung,Eigenschaften und Entstehung der Auswurfsmassen des Impaktkraters Nördlinger Ries     

Dr. Horst Gall  Dr. Dieter Müller  Prof. Dr. Dieter Stöffler 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1975,64(1):915-947

Regarding the importance of the Ries impact structure in the field of planetary geology an attempt is made to synthesize the presently known results of geologic mapping in the Ries area and of general field and laboratory observations. The ballistic bulk ejecta of the crater (diameter about 23 km) form a continuous blanket of mixed breccia (“Bunte Trümmermassen”). Outside the crater more than 90% of its constituents are derived from unshocked fragments of the 750 m thick pre-Ries sedimentary rock strata. This blanket is overlain with a sharp discontinuity by suevite breccia which forms a continuous layer inside the crater and patch-like isolated occurrences outside the crater. Their pattern of distribution is believed to be primary. Suevite is mainly composed of fragments of all stages of shock metamorphism derived from the crystalline basement. The present asymmetrical distribution of éjecta outside the crater rim results from relatively young erosion during the Pliocene and Pleistocene periods. The erosional history indicates that the primary distribution of ejecta was symmetrical with respect to the center of the crater extending up to a distance of at least some 40 km from the impact center. A number of characteristics of the structure and composition of the Ries ejecta formations are discussed and verified quantitatively by new field data. It is shown that the structure and composition of the ejecta formations can be explained qualitatively by the physics of impact cratering and be duplicated by hypervelocity cratering experiments.  相似文献   

The distribution of several organochlorine compounds in the Baltic Sea     

Dr. Horst Gaul 《Ocean Dynamics》1984,37(4):129-145

Summary On a cruise, covering the whole Baltic Sea area, in May/June 1983, from the Kattegat through the Belt Sea, the Baltic Proper, and the Gulfs of Finland and Bothnia, investigations concerning the distribution of several organochlorine compounds were made. In accordance with the water exchange in the Kattegat and Belt Sea, a vertical stratification can be seen for -, -, -HCH and DDT — with higher concentrations in the outflowing surface water with low salinity and lower values in the inflowing bottom water with high salinity. The bottom water concentrations in the Kattegat and Belt Sea are increasing from North to South by mixture with surface water. East of the Darss Sill, the distribution pattern becomes more homogeneous with only slight differences in the average mean concentrations between the various basins forming the Baltic Sea.

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Über die Verteilung einiger Organochlorverbindungen in der Ostsee

Zusammenfassung Im Wasser des Kattegats, der Beltsee, der zentralen Ostsee, des Finnischen Meerbusens und der Bottensee wurden im Mai und Juni 1983 Untersuchungen auf Organochlorverbindungen vorgenommen. In Übereinstimmung mit den Verhältnissen des Wasseraustausches im Kattegat und der Beltsee kann man für -, -, -HCH und DDT eine vertikale Schichtung erkennen — mit höheren Konzentrationen im abfließenden Oberflächenwasser mit niedrigem Salzgehalt und niedrigeren Werten im einströmenden Bodenwasser mit hohem Salzgehalt. Durch Vermischung mit dem Oberflächenwasser steigen die Konzentrationen im Bodenwasser im Kattegat und der Beltsee von Norden nach Süden hin an. Östlich der Darsser Schwelle ergibt sich eine gleichmäßigere Verteilung mit nur geringen Unterschieden in den mittleren Konzentrationen innerhalb der einzelnen Becken, die die Ostsee bilden.

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De la distribution de quelques composants organochlorés dans la mer Baltique

Résumé En mai et juin 1983 des recherches sur la distribution de plusieurs composants organochlorés furent effectuées durant une campagne couvrant le Kattegat, les Belts, la mer Baltique centrale, les Golfes de Finlande et de Bothnie. En accord avec les échanges des eaux dans le Kattegat et les Belts, une stratification verticale de l'-, -, -HCH et DDT fut mise en évidence, avec une concentration plus forte dans les eaux superficielles sortantes et des valeurs plus faibles dans les eaux de fond entrantes. A l'Est du seuil de Drss, la répartition des échantillons devient plus homogène avec seulement de légères différences des concentrations moyennes entre les différents bassins qui forment la mer Baltique.

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Petrographisehe Untersuehung der Gleesite des Laacher Seegebietes     

Horst Schürmann 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1960,7(2):104-136

In the present publication the hauyn-gleesites (in earlier publications called hauynsanidinites) and the other rocks, which belong genetically to the hauyn-gleesites, as hauynfree gleesites, hornblende-rich alkaligabbros, hornblendites, Laacher hauyntrachytes and hauynlatites, are described. All these different products can only be found in form of fragments in the trachyttuffs around the Laacher See (Germany).The microscopical analysis of the Laacher trachytes and hauynlatites demonstrates, that the magma has been strongly influenced by assimilation. This is characteristically demonstrated by the strong oscillation of the anorthit-content of the plagioclases in each fragment.The primary rocks, which are metamorphosed by the alkalisyenitic respectively alkalitrachytic magma, are the differentiationsproducts of an alkaligabbroic magma, hornblendites, hornblende-rich alkaligabbros and possibly monzonites. The crystallisations sequence of these rocks is: biotite hornblendite augite. The same sequence can be seen in the hauyn-free and the hauyn-bearing gleesites.The relative high content of titanite in the gleesites is remarcably. The source of the TiO₂, which is necessary for the formation of titanite, lies in the magnetites of the alkaligabbroic rocks. In the basic rocks the magnetit contains nearly 17 % Ti0₂. In the magnetite of the hauyn-free gleesites there is only 11 % and in the hauyn-gleesites, which are found in the latest phase of metamorphic transformation, is only 8–9% Ti0₂. The same content of 8–9% TiO₂ is found in the magnetites of the white trachyttuffs around the Laacher See. The glas in all these rock-fragments was formed by the heat during the eruption of the tuffs, possibly under the influence of alkali-rich gases.  相似文献