Feeding selectivity of calanoid copepods on phytoplankton in Jangmok Bay,south coast of Korea     

Min-Chul Jang  Kyoungsoon Shin  Tongsup Lee  Il Noh 《Ocean Science Journal》2010,45(2):101-111

Grazing impacts of calanoid copepods on size-fractionated phytoplankton biomass [chlorophyll (Chl)-a] were measured in Jangmok Bay, Geoje Island, Korea, monthly from November 2004 to October 2005. The ingestion rate of calanoid copepods on total phytoplankton biomass ranged between 1 and 215 ng Chl-a copepod^?1 day^?1 during bottle incubations. Results indicated that microphytoplankton (> 20 μm) was the primary food source for calanoid copepods in grazing experiments on 3 phytoplankton size categories (< 3 μm, 3–20 μm, and > 20 μm). The ingestion rate on microphytoplankton showed a significant increase (r = 0.93, p < 0.01) with Chl-a concentration. Nanophytoplankton (3–20 μm) showed a negative ingestion rate from June 2005 to October 2005, but the reason is not completely understood. Calanoid copepods were unable to feed efficiently on picophytoplankton (< 3 μm) due to unfavorable size. Calanoid copepods removed between 0.1% and 27.7% (average, 3.6 ± 15.8%) of the phytoplankton biomass daily during grazing experiments. Grazing pressure was high in winter and early spring (January–March: 15.6–27.7%), while low in summer (June–August: ?33.1–0.0%) and autumn (September–November: ?1.4–5.1%). Results suggest that calanoid copepods play an important role in controlling the biomass and size structure of phytoplankton in winter and early spring.  相似文献   

Long-term trends in pelagic environments of the east sea ecosystem     

Chung Il Lee  Jae-Young Lee  Kwang-Ho Choi  Sung-Eun Park 《Ocean Science Journal》2008,43(1):1-7

Physical and biological environmental variations in the East Sea were investigated by analysing time-series of oceanographic data and meteorological indices. From 1971 to 2000, dominant periodicity in water temperature variations had two apparent periods of 3 to 4 years and of decades, especially in the southwestern part of the East Sea affected by the influence of inflowing Tsushima warm current. Fluctuating water temperature within a certain period appears to respond to El Niño events with a time lag. It was found that there was a strong correlation between water temperature and El Niño events with a time lag of 1.5 and 5.5 years for periods of 3 to 6 years and of decades, respectively. Corresponding with El Niño events, water temperature variability also showed strong correlation with shift and/or changes in biological and chemical environments of nutrient concentrations, zooplankton biomass, and fisheries. However, there also occurred a short-term periodicity of water temperature variations. Within a period of 1 to 4 years, a relatively short-term cycle of water temperature variation had strong correlation with other climate indices such as Pacific Decadal Oscillation and monsoon index. After comparing coherence and phase spectrum between water temperature and different climate indices, we found that there was a shift of coherent periods to another climate index during the years when climate regime shift was reported.  相似文献   

Structural analysis of disk galaxies of the NGC 524 group     

M. A. Il’ina  O. K. Sil’chenko 《Astronomy Reports》2012,56(8):578-588

Members of the NGC 524 group of galaxies are studied using data obtained on the 6-m telescope of the Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences, with the SCORPIO reducer in an imaging mode. Surface photometry has been carried out and parameters of the large-scale structural components??disks and bulges??have been determined for the six largest galaxies of the group. A lowered percentage of bars and enhanced percentage of ring structures were found. The integrated B-V colors of a hundred of dwarf galaxies in the vicinity (within 30 kpc) of the six largest galaxies of the group have been measured. A considerable number of blue irregular galaxies with ongoing star formation is present among nearby dwarf satellites of lenticular galaxies of the group. The luminosity function for dwarf members of the group suggests that the total mass of the group is not very high, and that the X-ray emitting gas observed in the direction of NGC 524 does not belong to the group halo.  相似文献   

Systematic variations of interstellar linear polarization and growth of dust grains     

N. V. Voshchinnikov  H. K. Das  I. S. Yakovlev  V. B. Il’in 《Astronomy Letters》2013,39(7):421-431

The observed relation between the interstellar linear polarization curve parameters K and λ _max characterizing the width and the wavelength of the polarization maximum, respectively, is interpreted quantitatively. We have considered 57 stars located in four dark clouds with evidence of star formation: in Taurus, Chamaeleon, around the stars ρ Oph and R CrA. In our modeling we have used the spheroidal dust grain model applied previously to simultaneously interpret the interstellar extinction and polarization curves in a wide wavelength range. The observed trend K ≈ 1.7λ _max is shown to be most likely related to the growth of dust grains due to coagulation rather than accretion. The relationship of the interstellar polarization curve parameters K and λ _max to the mean dust grain size is discussed.  相似文献   

Geochemistry of Quaternary sediments of the Jeongokri archaeological site,Korea: implications for provenance and palaeoenvironments during the Late Pleistocene     

Jin Cheul Kim  Yong Il Lee  Hyoun Soo Lim  Seonbok Yi 《第四纪科学杂志》2012,27(3):260-268

The geochemical characteristics of an approximately 6‐m‐long sediment core collected from the Jeongokri archaeological site (Hantan River, Korea) were examined to determine the provenance of the sediments and to reconstruct the palaeoenvironment of the study area during the Late Pleistocene (200–127 ka). The core sediments were subdivided into two parts based on grain size: an upper (0–380 cm depth) and lower part (>380 cm depth). The lower part was deposited primarily by fluvial processes during an interglacial period [marine isotope stage (MIS) 7] with warm and humid conditions. Conversely, the upper part was mainly deposited by aeolian processes during a cold and dry glacial period (MIS 6). Geochemical characteristics, represented by major, trace and rare earth element (REE) compositions, and textures of the Jeongokri core sediments show distinct differences between the upper and lower parts. The mineralogy and major, trace and REE compositions indicate that the influence of felsic source rocks (e.g. granite) was dominant in the lower sediments, which were derived from the Hantan River. In contrast, increased quartz content and the very fine and homogeneous grain size in the upper sediments indicate an aeolian origin. REE ratios and distribution patterns, and geochemical signatures indicate that these sediments were derived predominantly from Chinese loess deposits and partially from local sediments from the Korean Peninsula; the possible source area of the upper sediments is the northern part of the Yellow Sea basin. The Yellow Sea basin, having mixed geochemical signatures between Chinese loess and Korean‐derived sediments, was exposed because of low sea levels during MIS 6. The exposed Yellow Sea basin was located in the path of winter‐monsoon winds, which may have carried a great deal of airborne sediments from the basin to the Jeongokri area. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Mesozoic detrital zircon U‐Pb ages of modern river sediments in Korea: implications for migration of arc magmatism in the Mesozoic East Asian continental margin     

Taejin Choi  Yong Il Lee  Yuji Orihashi 《地学学报》2012,24(2):156-165

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Characterization of Quartzites in the Southern Korean Peninsula     

Yongin Kim  Yong Il Lee 《Gondwana Research》2003,6(4):729-742

In the southern Korean Peninsula twelve quartzite strata occur in the Gyeonggi massif and Okcheon belt. Their geologic ages range from Precambrian to Upper Paleozoic. All quartzites in the Gyeonggi massif are of Precambrian in age and are characterized by high-grade metaquartzites; they are Seosan, Anyang, Yongmunsan and Uiam quartzites from west to east. Quartzite types occurring in the Okcheon belt are diverse from orthoquartzite to medium-grade metaquartzite. Orthoquartzites are all Paleozoic in age and are distributed mainly in the eastern Okcheon belt (Taebaeksan Basin) (Jangsan, Dongjeom and Jeongseon quartzites) with one in the central Okcheon belt (Mungyeong Quartzite). Low-grade metaquartzite is Hwasan quartzite in the western part and medium-grade metaquartzites are Daehyangsan and Geumsusan quatzites in the central part, and Yongamsan quartzite in the southwestern part of the Okcheon belt. Distribution of quartzite types in the southern Korean Peninsula is not related to the geologic age of quartzites. As a case study, quartzite characteristics were applied to a provenance study of quartzite clasts in the northwestern part of the Cretaceous Gyeongsang Basin. Quartzite clasts in the study area are interpreted to have been mostly derived from source quartzites in the Okcheon belt, which is consistent with the results of previous studies.  相似文献   

Polarization in IR bands and the structure of cosmic dust grains     

M. S. Prokopjeva  V. B. Il’in 《Astronomy Letters》2007,33(10):699-705

The water ice and silicate dust bands centered at about 3 and 10 μm, respectively, are simultaneously observed in the spectra of several objects. So far the wavelength dependence of the polarization in both bands has been modeled using two-layer spheroids, with the shape of the silicate core being confocal to that of the ice mantle. We show that nonconfocality of the spheroidal core and mantle boundaries changes fundamentally the wavelength dependence of the polarization within the 10-μm silicate band and affects significantly the polarization within the 3-μm water ice band, while the extinction profiles of these bands remain essentially unchanged. Since the results have been obtained for a theoretical model, we discuss their applicability and significance for cosmic dust grains. Original Russian Text ? M.S. Prokopjeva, V.B. Il’in, 2007, published in Pis’ma v Astronomicheskiĭ Zhurnal, 2007, Vol. 33, No. 10, pp. 784–791.  相似文献   

Paleosol profiles in the Shiohama Formation of the Lower Cretaceous Kanmon Group,Southwest Japan and implications for sediment supply frequency     

Yu Horiuchi  Ken-ichiro Hisada  Yong Il Lee 《Cretaceous Research》2009,30(5):1313-1324

This paper describes the pedogenic features of paleosols in the upper Lower Cretaceous Shiohama Formation, the lowest unit of the Shimonoseki Subgroup, in Yoshimi, Yamaguchi Prefecture, southwest Japan. The paleosol profiles in the Shiohama Formation are compound and complex, characterized by the presence of abundant calcrete horizons. An analysis of these profiles reveals that the floodplain upon which the Shiohama Formation was deposited was part of an unstable aggradation system characterized by the intermittent influx of sediments and occasional erosion. Furthermore, the mean annual range of precipitation was less than about 30 mm, suggesting only minor seasonal change between wet and dry conditions during deposition of the Shiohama Formation. The microstructures of the observed calcretes include dense microfabric, floating detrital grains, micronodules, circum-granular cracks, and complex cracks. These features formed by chemical precipitation under dry conditions, with little bioactivity. The calcrete horizons are classified into seven types (I–VII) based on their modes of occurrence. Two processes of carbonate accumulation can be identified based on the size and abundance of nodules: VI–V–III–(II)–I and VI–(V)–IV–II–I. These processes represent the development of calcrete horizons from the early to late stages of calcretization. Type I represents the most highly developed stage of calcretization. Calcretes within the Lower Member sequence of the Shiohama Formation show repetitions of type I and types II and III. Thus, it is interpreted that the frequency of sediment supply to the floodplain changed repeatedly over time.  相似文献   

CGCM3 predictors used for daily temperature and precipitation downscaling in Southern Québec, Canada     

Dae Il Jeong  André St-Hilaire  Taha B. M. J. Ouarda  Philippe Gachon 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2012,107(3-4):389-406

This study provides some guidance on the choice of predictor variables from both reanalysis products and the third version of the Canadian Coupled Global Climate Model (CGCM3) outputs for regression-based statistical downscaling models (SDMs) for climate change application in southern Québec (Canada). Twenty CGCM3 grid points and four surface observation sites in the study area were employed. Twenty-five deseasonalized predictors and four deseasonalized predictands (daily maximum and minimum temperatures, precipitation occurrence and wet day precipitation amount) were used to investigate correlation coefficients among predictors and to evaluate their predictive ability when used in a multiple linear regression (MLR) downscaling model. The basic statistical characteristics of vorticity at 1,000-, 850- and 500-hPa levels, U-component of velocity at 1,000-hPa level, temperature at 2?m (T ₂) and wind direction at 1,000- and 500-hPa level of CGCM3 showed a larger difference with those of the NCEP reanalysis data. Therefore, those seven variables require high caution to be included as predictors in statistical downscaling models. Specific humidity at 1,000-, 850- and 500-hPa levels, geopotential height at 850- and 500-hPa levels and T ₂ were the most sensitive predictors for future climate conditions (i.e. A1B and A2 emission scenarios). Specific humidity and geopotential height at different levels and T ₂ were important explainable predictors for the daily temperatures. Mean sea level pressure, specific humidity, U and V components and divergence showed potential as predictors for daily precipitation. Spatial explained variance of MLRs between predictors of every different CGCM3 grid points and the four predictands showed large values at the CGCM3 grid points located near the observation sites, whereas relatively small values were shown at the CGCM3 grid points located more than 400?km from the sites. The explained variance of the downscaled predictands by predictors of three or four CGCM3 grid points located near the observation site produced 2–5% larger R-squares than those by predictors of the nearest grid point. The results illustrated that the use of predictors from more than one AOGCM grid points located near the observation site can increase the skill of the MLR downscaling models.  相似文献