Tectonic stages along a traverse cross cutting the Rhodopian zone (Greece)     

Dr. Ioannis Koukouvelas  Dr. Theodor Doutsos 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1990,79(3):753-776

In a cross section along the Rhodopian zone from the Greece/Bulgarian border through the postalpine basins in the Xanthi area to Thasos island detailed structural mapping and collection of field data enable us to determine a sequence of tectonic stages that affected this area. This allows us to propose a model of continental collision.During the early Eocene, NE-SW directed movements produced a southwest facing pile of crystalline nappes with internal deformation comprising NW and NE trending isoclinal folds and a NE-SW trending stretching lineation. After a short time interval, nappe movements started again under brittle deformation conditions and produced composite thrust sheets, WNW- and NNE trending chevron folds and thick cataclasite. Late erogenic uplift and extension caused the formation of NW- and NE trending normal faults. These faults bounded the Oligocene flysch- and molasse basins and provided pathways for voluminous magmatic suites. This tectonic process was interrupted at the Oligocene/Miocene boundary by a late orogenic compression reflected in NW open folds and dissolution cleavages. Subsequently, differential uplift and subsidence associated with NW- and NE trending normal faults has continued up to the present time. From the early Pliocene new fragmentation and thinning of the crust reflected in WNW listric faults and NNE transfer faults has affected the southern parts of the Rhodopian zone.Nappe forming movements are the result of a progressive collisional process involving a Kimmerian microcontinent lying between the Eurasia and Apulia continents. In the final stages of this collision, uderplating processes led to regional uplift and extension. Additional extensional movements were related to the formation of the Aegean back arc basin caused by the Late Cenozoic Hellenic subduction zone.

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Zusammenfassung Durch Gefügedatensammlung und strukturelle Kartierung in einer Geotraverse durch die Rhodopische-Zone von der griechisch-bulgarischen Grenze, die sich über das postalpine Becken der Xanthi-Gegend bis zur Insel Thassos hinzieht, wurde sowohl die Zeitabfolge der tektonischen Ereignisse definiert als auch ein Kontinental-Kollisionsmodel aufgestellt.Während dem unteren Eozän haben NE-SW streichende Bewegungen einen südwestlich vergenten kristallinen Deckenstappel gebildet, der von NW- und NE streichenden Isoklinalfalten und einer SW streichenden Strekkungslineation innendeformiert wurde. Nach einer kurzen Zeitspanne haben Deckenbewegungen unter Bruchbedingungen wiederbegonnen. Dadurch wurden zusammengesetztes Deckenstappel, WNW and NNE streichende Knickfalten und mächtige Kataklasite gebildet. Postorogenetisches Aufsteigen des Gebirges wird von NW- und NE streichenden Abschiebungen gekennzeichnet. Diese Verwerfungen begrenzen Oligozäne Flysch- und Molassebecken und stellen Aufstiegswege von magmatischen Produkten dar, die stellenweise die Erdoberfläche erreichten. An der Grenze Oligozän-Miozän zeigt eine postorogene Kompression NW gerichtete geöffneteFalten und eine begleitende Lösungsschieferung. Nach dieser kurzen Unterbrechung setzt sich das Aufsteigen des Gebirges bis heute fort bei gleichzeitigen NW- und NE gerichteten Abschiebungen. Seit dem unteren Pliozän wird eine Zerspaltung und Ausdünnung der Kruste sowohl durch WNW gerichtete-listrische-Abschiebungen als auch durch NNE gerichtete »Transfer«-Verwerfungen hervorgerufen.Deckenbewegungen sind das Ergebnis eines kontinuierlichen Kollisionsprozesses, der einen Kimmerischen Mikrokontinent miteinbezieht, welcher zwischen dem Eurasischen- und dem Apulischen Kontinent lag. In den letzten Stadien der Kollision führte Plattenverdickung zu einem Aufsteigen des Gebirges, das von regionaler Ausdehnung begleitet wird. Eine weitere Ausdehnung bezieht sich auf die Bildung des Ägäischen »black arc basin« das durch die rezente Hellenische Subduktionszone hervorgerufen wurde.

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Résumé Dans une géotraverse de la zone du Rhodope, depuis la frontière gréco-bulgare, à travers les bassins post-alpins de la région de Xanthi et jusqu'à l'île de Thasos, on a effectué une cartographie structurale de détail et diverses observations de terrain. Cette investigation a permis de définir la succession des événements tectoniques et de proposer un modèle de collision continentale.Pendant l'Eocène inférieur, des mouvements de direction NE-SW ont engendré un empilement de nappes cristallines à vergence SW dont les structures de déformation interne comprennent des plis isoclinaux de directions NW et NE ainsi qu'une linéation d'étirement NE-SW. Après une courte pause, le mouvement des nappes a repris dans des conditions de déformation cassante, avec production de lames charriées composites, de plis en chevrons orientés WNW et NNE et de zones cataclasitiques épaisses. Un soulèvement orogénique tardif accompagné d'une extension crustale a ensuite engendré des failles normales de directions NW et NE. Ces failles ont délimité les bassins oligocènes de flysch et de molasse et ont ouvert la voie à de volumineuses venues magmatiques qui, par endroits, ont atteint la surface. Ces processus tectoniques ont été interrompus à la limite Oligocène-Miocène parune compression tardi-orogénique responsable de plis ouverts orientés NW et d'une schistosité de dissolution. Par la suite, des mouvements de soulèvement et de subsidence différentiels se sont poursuivis jusqu'aujourd'hui. A partir du début du Pliocène, les parties méridionales de la zone du Rhodope ont été le siège de nouveaux processus de fragmentation et d'amincissement de la croûte, qui se sont traduits par des failles listriques WNW et par des décrochements.La genèse des nappes résulte d'un processus progressif de collision impliquant un microcontinent kimmérien compris entre les continents eurasien et apulien. Lors des stades finals de cette collision, des phénomènes d' «underplating» ont provoqué un soulèvement de l'ensemble accompagné d'une extension à l'échelle régionale. Des mouvements d'extension ultérieurs sont en relation avec la formation du bassin d'arrière-arc égéen engendré par la zone de subduction hellénique au Cénozoïque supérieur.

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, - - Xanthi Thassos, . , NE SW , , , , - -, , -. , . , WNW NNE . , NW NE . , - . - - NW . , , NW NE. , - , - . , , . , . («back arc basin»), .

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A physically based strong ground-motion prediction methodology; application to PSHA and the 1999 M_w= 6.0 Athens earthquake     

Lawrence Hutchings  Eleni Ioannidou  William Foxall  Nicholas Voulgaris  Jean Savy  Ioannis Kalogeras  Laura Scognamiglio  George Stavrakakis 《Geophysical Journal International》2007,168(2):659-680

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Artificial neural networks as an alternative approach to groundwater numerical modelling and environmental design     

Ioannis K. Nikolos  Maria Stergiadi  Maria P. Papadopoulou  George P. Karatzas 《水文研究》2008,22(17):3337-3348

Classical optimization methodologies based on mathematical theories have been developed for the solution of various constrained environmental design problems. Numerical models have been widely used to represent an environmental system accurately. The use of methodologies such as artificial neural networks (ANNs), which approximate the complicated behaviour and response of physical systems, allows the optimization of a large number of case scenarios with different set of constraints within a short period of time, whereas the corresponding simulation time using a numerical model would be prohibitive. In this paper, a combination of an ANN with a differential evolution algorithm is proposed to replace the classical finite‐element numerical model in water resources management problems. The objective of the optimization problem is to determine the optimal operational strategy for the productive pumping wells located in the northern part of Rhodes Island in Greece, to cover the water demand and maintain the water table at certain levels. The conclusions of this study show that the use of ANN as an approximation model could (a) significantly reduce the computational burden associated with the accurate simulation of complex physical systems and (b) provide solutions very close to the optimal ones for various constrained environmental design problems. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Biometric analysis of lacustrine and riverine populations of Palemonetes antennarius (H. Milne-Edwards, 1837) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae) from north-western Greece     

Chryssa Anastasiadou  Roman Liasko  Ioannis D. Leonardos   《Limnologica》2009,39(3):244-254

Comparative study of morphometric measurements was undertaken on populations of Palaemonetes antennarius from two freshwater habitat zones (lacustrine pelagic and lacustrine littoral) and from the fluvial littoral habitat zone of three estuaries of north-western Greece. Multivariate statistical analyses (principal component analysis and discriminant function analysis) revealed clear morphometric differences between sexes and sampling sites. The observed differences are expressed mainly thought the measurements related to the body heights (carapace height and second pleon height), as a result of sexual dimorphism, High values for the female body heights seem to be correlated to specific fecundity profile and reproductive strategy. On the other hand, morphometrical variables related mainly to body lengths, such as rostral, telson and pleon lengths, were observed to be correlated to the study sites. Characters related to the summing capacity (telson length, telson width and pleon lengths) were generally found to have higher values in the specimens from habitats with high reophilic profile.  相似文献   

Experimental investigation of inertial flow processes in porous media   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Konstantinos N. Moutsopoulos  Ioannis N.E. Papaspyros  Vassilios A. Tsihrintzis   《Journal of Hydrology》2009,374(3-4):242-254

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Aristides Moustakas  Ioannis Karakassis 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2009,23(6):737-748

The use of the term “biodiversity” in the aquatic literature has expanded rapidly during the last years. In this paper, we address the influence of the geographic, social and economic characteristics of a country in the published effort as it appears in the bibliography from the corresponding author of each publication. Social and geographic characteristics are expressed by coast length, population, the population living a maximum of 100 km from the coast, population density, total fish catches, and continental shelf surface. Economic characteristics are expressed by gross national product, gross national product per capita, footprint and ecological deficit. Our results showed that the majority of the published aquatic biodiversity research was in aquatic ecology journals. The number of publications referring to marine biodiversity per country of origin of the corresponding author was significantly correlated to the length of coastline, fisheries production, gross national product, population density and other economic, social and geographic characteristics of the country. Most of the highly publishing countries are developed countries with an ecologically harmful lifestyle. The research per country carried out in non-adjacent to the country sea zones remains low.  相似文献   

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Ioannis N. Psycharis   《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2008,28(7):577-591

The dynamic response of a rigid footing resting on an elastic tensionless Winkler foundation is examined. A parametric investigation, concerning the effect of the main parameters on the response, is performed for harmonic excitation. The parameters examined include the stiffness and the damping of the foundation, the excitation frequency and the superstructure characteristics and loads. The maximum rocking response, the minimum length of contact after uplift, the maximum stress developed at the soil and the factor of safety with respect to the bearing capacity of the soil are used to measure the effect of each dimensionless parameter. An example for earthquake excitation is also given for a plane frame. The results are compared to the ones of a simplified static approach based on the maximum values of the applied loads, similarly to the procedure that is usually applied in practice. The results show that the static approach can predict the response satisfactorily if resonance does not happen, if the stiffness of the foundation is not large compared to the stiffness of the superstructure and if the dynamic part of the axial force of the column is not large; in these cases, it may underestimate or overestimate the response significantly, depending on the sign of the dynamic axial force that is considered.  相似文献   

Effects of smoking on the levels of urinary biomarkers of aromatic hydrocarbons in oil refinery workers     

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The present study was undertaken to investigate the accumulation of microcystins (MCYST) in the various tissues of an endemic and protected fish species (Rutilus panosi). We also tried to identify any differences in sensitivity and accumulation of MCYST, for various specimens of the same fish species related to body length. MCYST concentrations in lake water and fish tissues were determined by a commercial Microcystin ELISA kit. Results showed that considerable amount of toxins were found to be accumulated in tissues of R. panosi throughout the year. Among them, liver had the highest MCYST concentrations (407.97 ± 32.43 ng/g). This study confirmed the accumulation of high MCYST concentrations in fish brain (308.75 ± 26.49 ng/g). Our results suggest, that MCYST accumulation in R. panosi tissues is size depended. High MCYST concentration in the muscle of the fish increases the risk of unsafe consumption, thus threatening human health.  相似文献   

Analysis of shear‐dominated RC columns using the nonlinear truss analogy          下载免费PDF全文

Mohammadreza Moharrami  Ioannis Koutromanos  Marios Panagiotou  Sadik Can Girgin 《地震工程与结构动力学》2015,44(5):677-694

This paper uses nonlinear truss models for the analysis of shear‐dominated reinforced concrete (RC) columns subjected to cyclic loading. A previously established method, aimed to the analysis of RC walls, is enhanced to allow simulations of column members. The concrete constitutive equations are modified to account for the contribution of the aggregate interlock to the shear resistance. Additionally, an equation is proposed to determine the inclination angle of the diagonal members in the truss models. The modeling approach is validated using the results of quasi‐static and dynamic tests on shear‐dominated RC columns. The combination of predictive capabilities and conceptual simplicity establishes truss‐based models as an attractive approach for the systematic analysis of shear‐dominated RC frame construction. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献