A jet-induced outflow of warm gas in 3C 293     

B. H. C. Emonts  R. Morganti  C. N. Tadhunter  T. A. Oosterloo  J. Holt  J. M. van der Hulst 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2005,362(3):931-944

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Unusual high-redshift radio broad absorption-line quasar 1624+3758     

C. R. Benn  R. Carballo  J. Holt  M. Vigotti  J. I. González-Serrano  K.-H. Mack  R. A. Perley 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2005,360(4):1455-1470

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The properties of the young stellar populations in powerful radio galaxies at low and intermediate redshifts     

J. Holt  C. N. Tadhunter  R. M. González Delgado  K. J. Inskip  J. Rodriguez  B. H. C. Emonts  R. Morganti  K. A. Wills 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,381(2):611-639

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Radio spectra and polarization properties of radio-loud broad absorption-line quasars     

F. M. Montenegro-Montes  K.-H. Mack  M. Vigotti  C. R. Benn  R. Carballo  J. I. González-Serrano  J. Holt  F. Jiménez-Luján 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2008,388(4):1853-1868

We present multifrequency observations of a sample of 15 radio-emitting broad absorption-line quasars (BAL QSOs), covering a spectral range between 74 MHz and 43 GHz. They mostly display convex radio spectra which typically peak at about 1–5 GHz (in the observer's rest frame), flatten at MHz frequencies, probably due to synchrotron self-absorption, and become steeper at high frequencies, i.e. ν≳ 20 GHz. Very Large Array (VLA) 22-GHz maps (HPBW ∼80 mas) show unresolved or very compact sources, with linear projected sizes of ≤1 kpc. About two-thirds of the sample looks unpolarized or weakly polarized at 8.4 GHz, frequency in which reasonable upper limits could be obtained for polarized intensity. Statistical comparisons have been made between the spectral index distributions of samples of BAL and non-BAL QSOs, both in the observed and in the rest frame, finding steeper spectra among non-BAL QSOs. However, constraining this comparison to compact sources results in no significant differences between both distributions. This comparison is consistent with BAL QSOs not being oriented along a particular line of sight. In addition, our analysis of the spectral shape, variability and polarization properties shows that radio BAL QSOs share several properties common to young radio sources like compact steep spectrum or gigahertz peaked spectrum sources.  相似文献   

Habitat suitability curves for benthic macroinvertebrates from a small New Zealand river     

KA Shearer  JW Hayes  IG Jowett  DA Olsen 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):178-191

We developed habitat suitability curves (HSC) using generalised additive models (GAMs) for nine benthic macroinvertebrate taxa from a small New Zealand river for hydraulic-habitat modelling assessments of instream flow requirements. We included interaction terms between the primary variables (water depth, velocity, substrate) when significant, to address a longstanding criticism of univariate HSC. To date, only large-river univariate HSC have been available and these have been used in hydraulic-habitat applications on small rivers, despite doubt over the transferability of HSC between rivers of different size and type. We tested the outcome on the predicted abundance–flow relationship of applying the small-river habitat suitability GAMs versus large-river GAMs for two taxa on the same small river. We found the effects of flow allocation were overestimated by the large-river GAMs relative to the small-river GAMs. Further research to develop general HSC for categories of river size and type is needed to better inform hydraulic-habitat modelling applications.  相似文献   

Distribution and community structure of ichthyoplankton in Laguna Madre Seagrass meadows: Potential impact of seagrass species change     

James M. Tolan  Scott A. Holt  Christopher P. Onuf 《Estuaries and Coasts》1997,20(2):450-464

Seasonal ichthyoplankton surveys were made in the lower Laguna Madre, Texas, to compare the relative utilization of various nursery habitats (shoal grass,Halodule wrightii; manatee grass,Syringodium filiforme; and unvegetated sand bottom) for both estuarine and offshore-spawned larvae. The species composition and abundance of fish larvae were determined for each habitat type at six locations in the bay. Pushnet ichthyoplankton sampling resulted in 296 total collections, yielding 107,463 fishes representing 55 species in 24 families. A broad spectrum of both the biotic and physical habitat parameters were examined to link the dispersion and distribution of both pre-settlement and postsettlement larvae to the utilization of shallow seagrass habitats. Sample sites were grouped by cluster analysis (Ward’s minimum variance method) according to the similarity of their fish assemblages and subsequently examined with a multiple discriminant function analysis to identify important environmental variables. Abiotic environmental factors were most influential in defining groups for samples dominated by early larvae, whereas measures of seagrass complexity defined groups dominated by older larvae and juveniles. Juvenile-stage individuals showed clear habitat preference, with the more shallowHalodule wrightii being the habitat of choice, whereas early larvae of most species were widely distributed over all habitats. As a result of the recent shift of dominance fromHalodule wrightii toSyringodium filiforme, overall reductions in the quality of nursery habitat for fishes in the lower Laguna Madre are projected.  相似文献   

The relationships between low-grade metasedimentary Belts,calc-alkaline volcanism and the Pan-African orogeny in N.W.Nigeria     

R. Holt  I. G. Egbuniwe  W. R. Fitches  J. B. Wright 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1978,67(2):631-646

The rocks of the Maru and Anka regions of northwestern Nigeria comprise a polycyclic, migmatite-gneiss, basement sequence with an infolded cover of low grade metasediments. Both basement and cover are intruded by a suite of syn-tectonic to latetectonic granites and granodiorites.Evidence from contrasting lithologies and geochronological data suggest that at least three depositional cycles may be represented in the Anka and Maru Belts of low-grade metasediments. An attempt is made to correlate these three cycles with the Kibaran (c. 1100 m. y.) and Pan-African (c. 550 m. y.) events.Structural similarities between the two belts are explained by continued reactivation of Kibaran basement structures during Pan-African times.Calc-alkaline volcanics of late Pan-African age are restricted to the Anka Belt. Recent work shows that volcanism in the Anka Belt is not all of late-orogenic type: a volcano-sedimentary pile, containing possible crystal tuff units, being intruded by acid-intermediate dykes and sills, and deformed during the Pan-African event. Syenitic plutonism restricted to the Maru Belt is shown to be post-tectonic.The recognition of a significant Kibaran event in the basement of northwestern Nigeria is in accord with workers who record a similar event in other parts of the Nigerian basement and in the Precambrian basements of Mali and the Ahaggar.

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Zusammenfassung Die Gesteine der Maru- und Anka-Region im nordwestlichen Nigeria umfassen eine Grundgebirgsserie mit Migmatit-Gneisen, in die eine schwach metamorphe Metasedimentserie eingefaltet ist. Beide Serien werden von synbis spättektonischen Graniten und Granodioriten durchdrungen.Aus der abweichenden Lithologie und den Altersdatierungen folgt, da mindestens 3 sedimentäre Zyklen in den Metasedimenten von Anka und Maru vorliegen. Es wird versucht, diese 3 Zyklen mit der Kibaran (ca. 1100 m. y.) und der Pan African Orogenese (ca. 550 m. y.) zu korrelieren.Strukturelle Ähnlichkeiten zwischen den beiden Regionen erklären sich aus einer Reaktivierung des Kibaran-Grundgebirges während der Pan-African-Orogenese.Kalkalkali-Vulkanite von Pan-African-Alter sind auf die Anka-Region beschränkt. Der Vulkanismus der Anka-Region ist nicht nur von einer spätorogenen Phase geprägt, es liegen vielmehr vulkano-sedimentäre Serien vor, die von sauren bis intermediären Gängen durchdrungen werden, die wiederum von der Pan-African Orogenese erfaßt werden. Ein syemitischer Plutonismus ist auf die Maru-Region beschränkt und dort als posttektonisch anzusehen.Das Auftreten einer Kibaran-Orogenese im Grundgebirge von NW-Nigeria steht im Einklang mit Beobachtungen aus anderen Teilen Nigerias, Malis und Ahaggars.

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Résumé Les roches des régions de Maru et d'Anka du nord-ouest de la Nigérie comprennent une série de socle polycyclique avec gneiss migmatitiques, au sein de laquelle une couverture de métasédiments faiblement métamorphiques est impliquée par plissement. Socle et couverture sont recoupés par une série d'intrusions granitiques et granodioritiques, snytectoniques á tardi-tectoniques.Le contraste des lithologies et les données géochronologiques permettent de penser qu'au moins 3 périodes de dépôt pourraient être représentées parmi les métasédiments peu métamorphiques de la région de Maru et d'Anka. Un essai est tenté de corréler ces 3 cycles avec de Kibarien (c. 1100 M.) et le Panafricain (c. 550 M.).On peut expliquer les ressemblances structurales entre les deux zones par une réactivation des structures du socle kibarien pendant l'époque panafricaine.Les volcanites cale-alcalines du Panafricain tardif se limitent à la zone d'Anka. Les travaux récents montrent que le volcanisme de la zone d'Anka n'est pas du tout d'un type orogénique tardif; il s'agit d'en ensemble volcano-sédimentaire pouvant renfermer des tuffs cristalins, récoupé par des filons et des sills acides à intermédiaires, et déformé au cours du Panafricain. Le plutonisme syénitique confiné à la zone de Maru apparaît comme post-tectonique.L'enregistrement d'un évènement kibarien dans le socle du nord-ouest de la Nigérie est en accord avec les résultats des recherches mentionnant un évènement semblable dans d'autres parties du socle nigérien et dans les socles précambriens du Mali et d'Ahaggar.

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Mid-latitude ionospheric perturbation associated with the Spacelab-2 plasma depletion experiment at Millstone Hill   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J. C. Foster  J. M. Holt  L. J. Lanzerotti 《Annales Geophysicae》1999,18(1):111-119

Elevation scans across geomagnetic mid latitudes by the incoherent scatter radar at Millstone Hill captured the ionospheric response to the firing of the Space Shuttle Challenger OMS thrusters near the peak of the F layer on July 30, 1985. Details of the excitation of airglow and the formation of an ionospheric hole during this event have been reported in an earlier paper by Mendillo et al.. The depletion (factor 2) near the 320 km Shuttle orbital altitude persisted for 35 min and then recovered to near normal levels, while at 265 km the density was reduced by a factor of 6; this significant reduction in the bottomside F-region density persisted for more than 3 hours. Total electron content in the vicinity of the hole was reduced by more than a factor of 2, and an oscillation of the F-region densities with 40-min period ensued and persisted for several hours. Plasma vertical Doppler velocity varied quasi-periodically with a 80-min period, while magnetic field variations observed on the field line through the Shuttle-burn position exhibited a similar 80-min periodicity. An interval of magnetic field variations at hydromagnetic frequencies (95 s period) accompanied the ionospheric perturbations on this field line. Radar observations revealed a downward phase progression of the 40-min period density enhancements of -1.12° km–1, corresponding to a 320-km vertical wavelength. An auroral-latitude geomagnetic disturbance began near the time of the Spacelab-2 experiment and was associated with the imposition of a strong southward IMF Bz across the magnetosphere. This created an additional complication in the interpretation of the active ionospheric experiment. It cannot be determined uniquely whether the ionospheric oscillations, which followed the Spacelab-2 experiment, were related to the active experiment or were the result of a propagating ionospheric disturbance (TID) launched by the enhanced auroral activity. The most reasonable conclusion is that the ionospheric oscillations were a result of the coincident geomagnetic disturbance. The pronounced depletion of the bottomside ionosphere, however, accentuated the oscillatory behavior during the interval following the Shuttle OMS burn.  相似文献   

Variation of turbulence in the marine boundary layer over the Arabian Sea during indian southwest monsoon (MONEX 79)     

Teddy Holt  Sethu Raman 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1986,37(1-2):71-87

Analysis of high frequency (20 Hz) turbulence data collected from low level flights by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Electra aircraft over the central Arabian Sea on 20 and 24 June, 1979 as part of MONEX 79 indicates the influence of the Somali Jet on boundary-layer turbulence. Different stages of monsoon development were evident on the two observation days from mean boundary-layer profiles. However, turbulence statistics of wind speed components and temperature in the monsoon boundary layer for both days are generally greater than those observed in laboratory experiments or tropical and trade wind boundary layers in which a strong jet was not present. Analysis of high frequency wind, temperature and humidity data was made to obtain fluxes of momentum and heat. Magnitudes of the sensible and latent heat fluxes are three to five times larger than the values observed over the monsoon boundary layer over the Bay of Bengal. The turbulent kinetic energy budget over the Arabian Sea for 24 June indicates the importance of buoyancy, and to a lesser extent shear as the dominant term. Dissipation serves as the primary sink term.  相似文献   

Whale mining,whale saving     

Sidney Holt 《Marine Policy》1985,9(3):192-213

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