Sea-level rise impact models and environmental conservation: A review of models and their applications     

Elizabeth Mcleod  Benjamin Poulter  Jochen Hinkel  Enrique Reyes  Rodney Salm 《Ocean & Coastal Management》2010,53(9):507-517

Conservation managers and policy makers need tools to identify coastal habitats and human communities that are vulnerable to sea-level rise. Coastal impact models can help determine the vulnerability of areas and populations to changes in sea level. Model outputs may be used to guide decisions about the location and design of future protected areas and development, and to prioritize adaptation of existing protected area investments. This paper reviews state-of-the-art coastal impact models that determine sea-level rise vulnerability and provides guidance to help managers and policy makers determine the appropriateness of various models at local, regional, and global scales. There are a variety of models, each with strengths and weaknesses, that are suited for different management objectives. We find important trade-offs exist regarding the cost and capacity needed to run and interpret the models, the range of impacts they cover, and regarding the spatial scale that each operates which may overstate impacts at one end and underestimate impacts at the other. Understanding these differences is critical for managers and policy makers to make informed decisions about which model to use and how to interpret and apply the results.  相似文献   

Intranight polarization variability in radio-loud and radio-quiet AGN     

Carolin Villforth  Kari Nilsson  Roy Østensen  Jochen Heidt  Sami-Matias Niemi  Janine Pforr 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,397(4):1893-1908

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Integrating knowledge to assess coastal vulnerability to sea-level rise: The development of the DIVA tool   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Jochen Hinkel  Richard J.T. Klein 《Global Environmental Change》2009,19(3):384-395

This paper describes the development of the DIVA tool, a user-friendly tool for assessing coastal vulnerability from subnational to global levels. The development involved the two major challenges of integrating knowledge in the form of data, scenarios and models from various natural, social and engineering science disciplines and making this integrated knowledge accessible to a broad community of end-users. These challenges were addressed by (i) creating and applying the DIVA method, an iterative, modular method for developing integrating models amongst distributed partners and (ii) making the data, scenarios and integrated model, equipped with a powerful graphical user interface, directly and freely available to end-users.  相似文献   

Arsenic-enriched aquifers: Occurrences and mobilization of arsenic in groundwater of Ganges Delta Plain, Barasat, West Bengal, India     

Sandeep Kar  Jyoti Prakash Maity  Jiin-Shuh Jean  Chia-Chuan Liu  Bibhash Nath  Huai-Jen Yang  Jochen Bundschuh   《Applied Geochemistry》2010,25(12):1805-1814

Hydrogeochemical characteristics and elemental features of groundwater and core sediments have been studied to better understand the sources and mobilization process responsible for As-enrichment in part of the Gangetic plain (Barasat, West Bengal, India). Analysis of water samples from shallow tubewells (depth 24.3–48.5 m) and piezometer wells (depth 12.2–79.2 m) demonstrate that the groundwater is mostly the Ca-HCO₃ type and anoxic in nature (mean Eh_SHE = 34 mV). Arsenic concentrations ranged from <10–538 μg/L, with high concentrations only present in the shallow to medium depth (30–50 m) of the aquifer along with high Fe (0.07–9.8 mg/L) and relatively low Mn (0.15–3.38 mg/L) as also evidenced in core sediments. Most groundwater samples contained both As(III) and As(V) species in which the concentration of As(III) was generally higher than that of As(V), exhibiting the reducing condition. Results show lower concentrations of NO₃, SO₄ and NO₂ along with higher values of DOC and HCO₃, indicating the reducing nature of the aquifer with abundant organic matter that can promote the release of As from sediments into groundwater. Positive correlations of As with Fe and DOC were also observed. The presence of DOC may actively drive the redox processes. This study revealed that reduction processes of FeOOH was the dominant mechanism for the release of As into the groundwater in this part of the Ganges Delta plain.  相似文献   

The nature of O¹⁸/O¹⁶ and C¹³/C¹² secular trends in sedimentary carbonate rocks   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Ján Veizer  Jochen Hoefs 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1976,40(11):1387-1395

Measurements on 170 carbonate rocks show decreasing δO¹⁸ of similar magnitude for both limestones and dolomites over a time span of ~ 2800 m.y. The Proterozoic dolomites are on average heavier by ~5%. in δO¹⁸ than their coeval limestones. The data may indicate displacement in δC¹³ of about 3%. at approximately 570 m.y. ago, with Precambrian carbonates being heavier in δC¹³ at a given δO¹⁸ level than their Phanerozoic counterparts. The compilation of the previously published data is consistent with the above described features.  相似文献   

The duisburg method of metro-construction, a successful application of the gap freezing method     

Albert Weiler  Jochen Vagt 《Engineering Geology》1981,18(1-4):351-360

Between March 1977 and August 1979 contract No.4 of the Stadtbahnbau (Metro-construction) in Duisburg was executed, making successful use of gap freezing.

The gap freezing was necessary because the Metro-tunnel is crossed by a groundwater stream (flow velocity up to 15 m/d) and it had to be assured that open cut construction of the tunnel was possible and that the original situation could be reinstated as far as possible after completion.

The Duisburg building ground also made a special construction method necessary. Ground strata: from surface to 2–4 m, civilisation deposits; from ˜ 4 m to ≈ 25–28 m below surface, glacial sand and gravel deposits, containing stones with a diameter > 20 cm and even boulders of 1 m³ and more; from approximately 28 m below surface, layers of Tertiary clay and silt; the groundwater table is ˜ 8 m below the surface, the stream flowing within the sand and gravel deposits from SE to NW (towards the Rhine).

Installing a groundwater barrier, for instance by erecting a continuous diaphragm wall enclosure, was already ruled out in early design stages as was the use of driven steelpiles.

At the inception of the design in 1974, it was decided first to carry out a measuring scheme to establish the groundwater flow velocity. This was followed by a large scale (1:1) trial freezing to ascertain the feasibility of the gap-freezing method.

When these experiments were scientifically valued it was established, that the risk involved was acceptable. The contract documents were prepared prescribing a combination of “cover and cut” with gap-freezing, which is tentatively called the “Duisburg method of Metro-construction”.

During the construction a large scale measuring and scientific research programme was carried out.  相似文献   

Comment on the paper by Pandalai et al.: Dissolution channels in quartz and the role of pressure changes in gold and sulfide deposition in the Archean,greenstone-hosted Hutti gold deposit,Karnataka, India (Miner Deposita 38:597–624)     

Jochen?KolbEmail author  Amanda?Rogers  F.?Michael?Meyer 《Mineralium Deposita》2004,39(1):114-116

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Late Hercynian polymetallic vein-type base-metal mineralization in the Iberian Pyrite Belt: fluid-inclusion and stable-isotope geochemistry (S–O–H–Cl)     

Klaus?GermannEmail author  Volker?Lüders  David?A.?Banks  Klaus?Simon  Jochen?Hoefs 《Mineralium Deposita》2003,38(8):953-967

Late Variscan vein-type mineralization in the Iberian Pyrite Belt, related to the rejuvenation of pre-existing fractures during late Variscan extensional tectonism, comprises pyrite–chalcopyrite, quartz–galena–sphalerite, quartz–stibnite–arsenopyrite, quartz–pyrite, quartz–cassiterite–scheelite, fluorite–galena–sphalerite–chalcopyrite, and quartz–manganese oxide mineral assemblages. Studies of fluid inclusions in quartz, stibnite, and barite as well as the sulfur isotopic compositions of stibnite, galena, and barite from three occurrences in the central part of the Iberian Pyrite Belt reveal compelling evidence for there having been different sources of sulfur and depositional conditions. Quartz–stibnite mineralization formed at temperatures of about 200 °C from fluids which had undergone two-phase separation during ascent. Antimony and sulfide are most probably derived by alteration of a deeper lying, volcanic-hosted massive sulfide mineralization, as indicated by δ³⁴S signatures from ?1.45 to ?2.74‰. Sub-critical phase separation of the fluid caused extreme fractionation of chlorine isotopes (δ³⁷Cl between ?1.8 and 3.2‰), which correlates with a fractionation of the Cl/Br ratios. The source of another high-salinity fluid trapped in inclusions in late-stage quartz from quartz–stibnite veins remains unclear. By contrast, quartz–galena veins derived sulfide (and metals?) by alteration of a sedimentary source, most likely shale-hosted massive sulfides. The δ³⁴S values in galena from the two study sites vary between ?15.42 and ?19.04‰. Barite which is associated with galena has significantly different δ³⁴S values (?0.2 to 6.44‰) and is assumed to have formed by mixing of the ascending fluids with meteoric water.  相似文献   

Heterogeneous response of hydrogeological systems to the Izmit and Düzce (Turkey) earthquakes of 1999     

Heiko?WoithEmail author  Rongjiang?Wang  Claus?Milkereit  Jochen?Zschau  Ulrike?Maiwald  Asaf?Pekdeger 《Hydrogeology Journal》2003,11(1):113-121

At four sites in Turkey and Armenia the physico-chemical properties of thermal and mineral waters were monitored continuously during the Izmit and Düzce earthquakes that occurred along the North Anatolian fault in August and November 1999. The epicentral distances between the moment magnitude (M_w) 7.6 Izmit earthquake and the monitoring locations were 313, 488, 1,161, and 1,395 km. At the most distant site, the specific electrical conductivity of mineral water from a flowing artesian well dropped co-seismically and postseismically by 7%. No changes were observed at the other sites, although the estimated earthquake strains and peak ground accelerations are much higher. A similar pattern was observed after the Düzce earthquake, which happened three months after the Izmit event. The response of a hydrogeological system seems to depend on the site characteristics rather than on the nature of the earthquake. A hydrogeological model for the sensitive observation site farthest from the Izmit earthquake explains the observations in terms of a changed mixing ratio between two fluid components. Passing seismic waves may trigger a local pore-pressure increase according to the mechanism of advective overpressure. The preconditions for this mechanism, free gas bubbles in the aquifer in combination with a trap for rising bubbles, is probably not fulfilled by the other groundwater systems. Electronic Publication  相似文献   

Résultats préliminaires sur la sédimentation pélagique de l'Atlantique tropical au Crétacé et au Tertiaire (plateau de Demerara,Leg ODP 207)     

Taniel Danelian  Laurence Le Callonnec  Jochen Erbacher  David C. Mosher  Mitchell J. Malone  Debora Berti  Karen L. Bice  Helen Bostock  Hans-Jürgen Brumsack  Astrid Forster  Felix Heidersdorf  Jorijntje Henderiks  Thomas J. Janecek  Christopher Junium  Ken MacLeod  Philip A. Meyers  Jörg H. Mutterlose  Hiroshi Nishi  Christine Glatz 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2005,337(6):609-616

Five sites located on a bathymetric transect of the distal Demerara Rise were studied by ODP Leg 207. Albian sediments of essentially terrigenous nature (clay, siltstone, sandstone) are the oldest drilled stratigraphic levels and form apparently the top of the synrift sequence. They are overlain by Cenomanian to Santonian finely laminated black shales, rich in organic matter of marine origin, which accumulated on a thermally subsiding ramp. Early Campanian hiatuses are thought to be the result of final disjunction of Demerara Rise (South America) from Africa and the onset of deep water communication between the two Atlantic basins (south and central). The overlying Uppermost Cretaceous–Oligocene chalk includes rich and diversified calcareous plankton assemblages, as well as two radiolarian-rich intervals (Late Campanian and Middle Eocene). A complex erosional surface developed during the Late Oligocene–Early Miocene. Sedimentation was impeded since then on the intermediate and deep sites of Demerara Rise, possibly due to the action of deep submarine currents. To cite this article: T. Danelian et al., C. R. Geoscience 337 (2005).  相似文献