Yesterday's Freeway Network of Tomorrow          下载免费PDF全文

Joe Weber 《Geographical review》2016,106(1):54-71

In 1939, the Futurama exhibit at the New York World's Fair amazed visitors with its diorama showing futuristic freeways crossing the countryside and reshaping cities. After the fair, the exhibit's designer, Norman Bel Geddes, elaborated the model into a proposal for a national freeway network. This paper examines the network structure and geographic dimensions of Bel Geddes's vision and compares it to the Interstate Highway System, created several years later. Despite the futuristic trappings inherited from the Futurama model, the two networks are surprisingly similar except in their relation to cities, which Bel Geddes's network avoids. The majority of elements in Bel Geddes's system have been incorporated into actual routes and networks, and it can be expected that his system would have gone through many of the same adaptations to changing economic, environmental, and political circumstances as the Interstate Highway System.  相似文献   

Ti-in-zircon thermometry applied to contrasting Archean metamorphic and igneous systems     

Joe Hiess  Allen P. Nutman  Vickie C. Bennett  Peter Holden 《Chemical Geology》2008,247(3-4):323-338

Ti-in-zircon thermometry with SHRIMP II multi-collector has been applied to two well-documented Archean igneous and metamorphic samples from southern West Greenland. Zircons from 2.71 Ga partial melt segregation G03/38 formed in a small (< 1 m³), closed system within a mafic rock under high pressure granulite facies conditions. Results of 14 Ti analyses present a mean apparent zircon crystallization temperature of 679 ± 11 °C, underestimating independent garnet-clinopyroxene thermometry by 20–50 °C but consistent with reduced a_TiO2 in this system. 36 spot analysis on 15 zircons from 3.81 Ga meta-tonalite G97/18, with an estimated magmatic temperature > 1000 °C, yield a low-temperature focused normal distribution with a mean of 683 ± 32 °C, further demonstrated by high resolution Ti mapping of two individual grains. This distribution is interpreted to represent the temperature of the residual magma at zircon saturation, late in the crystallization history of the tonalite. Hypothetically, Ti-in-zircon thermometry on Eoarchaean detrital zircons sourced from such a high temperature tonalite would present a low-temperature biased image of the host magma, which could be misconstrued as being a minimum melt granite. Multiple analyses from individual zircons can yield complex Ti distributions and associated apparent temperature patterns, reflecting cooling history and local chemical environments in large magma chambers. In addition to inclusions and crystal imperfections, which can yield apparent high temperature anomalies, zircon surfaces can also record extreme (> 1000 °C) apparent Ti temperatures. In our studies these were traced to ⁴⁹Ti (or a molecular isobaric interference) contamination derived from the double sided adhesive tape used in sample preparation, and should not be assigned geological significance.  相似文献   

Analysis of Convective Heat Transfer in Deformed and Stratified Aquifers Associated with Frasch Thermal Mining     

Daphne D. Williams  Ming-Kuo Lee  Joe E. Crawford  Philip O. Tyree 《Ground water》1999,37(4):517-522

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辐射处理金刚石的谱学研究及其意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

苑执中  彭明生  蒙宇飞 《矿物岩石》2005,25(3):47-51

利用傅立叶显微红外光谱、紫外-可见-近红外吸收光谱、低温光致发光谱、拉曼光谱等4种谱学方法,对10颗辐照改色（R1-R10）的彩色天然金刚石进行了研究。利用可见吸收光谱和低温光致发光谱研究了金刚石石中的点缺陷产生系列的色心峰,指出在可见吸收光谱中除了有N3心吸收峰外,还可见595和637色心峰;在低温光致发光谱中发现有色心组合峰575,595和637等的出现,此组合峰与近红外区4929cm^-1处的H1b和5156cm^-1处的H1C色心峰共同存时,不仅是辐照处理绿色金刚石的鉴定证据,也是辐照处理各种彩色金刚石的重要的标志之一。本研究为辐射处理金刚石的鉴别和工艺流程提供了新的谱学依据和思路。  相似文献   

A review of kinematic indicators from mass-transport complexes using 3D seismic data   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Suzanne Bull  Joe Cartwright  Mads Huuse 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2009

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In the field with Joe: early excursions of the Freelance Geological Society     

Stephen K. Donovan  Joe S. H. Collins 《Geology Today》2020,36(2):53-58

Fieldwork in the twenty-first century is the subject of health and safety legislation and paperwork, as we don our luminous jackets and protective helmets. Sometimes, the geology can feel like an afterthought. Contrast this with the Freelance Geological Society in the late 1940s and after, in the field most weekends, collecting, climbing and caving, in a post-war world with abundant quarries and mines.  相似文献   

Channel evolution of Des Moines Lobe till drainage ditches in southern Minnesota (USA)   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Joe Magner  Brad Hansen  Tim Sundby  Geoff Kramer  Bruce Wilson  John Nieber 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,67(8):2359-2369

Some drainage ditches in the intensively managed row-crop agricultural region of southern Minnesota evolved from a trapezoidal form to multi-staged channel forms similar to natural streams. Older ditches constructed in cohesive sediment of the Des Moines Lobe till tend to follow a channel evolution model developed by Simon and Hupp. Site cross sections, longitudinal water and bed profiles and bed material particle size were determined according to Harrelson and others at 24 older ditch reaches, 5 newly constructed ditch reaches and 13 natural stream reaches. Morphological features were hypothesized to change from trapezoidal form to flat bench banks, similar to benches found in natural stream channels. All data were statistically analyzed with respect to drainage area using regression, because channel form is directly related to drainage area for a given climate, geology and land use. Results show similar regression slope and intercept for bankfull channel width and bankfull cross-sectional area (CSA) of older ditches and natural streams compared to typical trapezoidal designed ditches. Evolved ditches developed a small floodplain bench above the ditch bed and adjusted their bankfull widths similar to natural stream channels with respect to drainage area. Old ditches showed a relatively strong R ² (0.82, 0.68) for channel CSA and width, a weaker R ² (0.45) for water surface slope, and little to no correlation with bed particle size. Channel form appears to have adjusted more quickly than bed facets and/or bed particle size distribution. However, stepwise regression determined that D₈₄, width/depth ratio and mean bankfull depth explained 83?% of the variability of channel features across varying drainage areas. Findings suggest a possible reduction of long-term maintenance costs if older ditches are allowed to evolve over time. A stable ditch form similar to natural streams is typically self-sustaining, suggesting that prior to a scheduled clean-out, the ditch should be examined for hydraulic capacity, sediment transport and bank stability.  相似文献   

Electrical conductivity method for natural waters     

R. Blaine McCleskey  D. Kirk Nordstrom  Joe N. Ryan 《Applied Geochemistry》2011

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Reactions of radium and barium with the surfaces of carbonate minerals     

Mark J. Jones  Laura J. Butchins  John M. CharnockRichard A.D. Pattrick  Joe S. SmallDavid J. Vaughan  Paul L. WincottFrancis R. Livens 《Applied Geochemistry》2011,26(7):1231-1238

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Home in the howling wilderness: settlers and the environment in southern New Zealand     

Joe Powell 《The Australian geographer》2014,45(1):94-97

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