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161.
Positive gravity anomalies indicate two dense conduits or eruptive centers beneath the northern summit of Sio Guyot, western Mid-Pacific Mountains. The low amplitude of the positive anomalies and the gravity lows flanking the guyot can be explained by crust 2.5 times the normal Pacific Ocean crustal thickness extending to a depth of 22 ± 2 km. The excess mass of the seamount is 100% locally isostatically compensated by the mass deficit below; this compensation may result from flexural loading and voluminous sill injection near a former ridge-crest transform fault system trending roughly ENE and NNW. 相似文献
162.
The effects of scattering and resonance on the energy dissipation of an internal tide were investigated using a two-dimensional
model which is a reassembled version of the theoretical generation model devised by Rattray et al. (1969) for internal tide. The basic character of the scattering process at the step bottom was first investigated with a
wide shelf model. When the internal wave incited from a deep region (Region II) into the shallow shelf region (Region I),
a passing wave into the shallow region, a reflected wave into the deep region, and a beam-like wave, i.e. a scattered wave
(SW), emanated at the step bottom. The SW, which consists of the superposition of numerous internal modes, propagated upward/downward
into both regions. The general properties of the SW were well expressed around the shelf edge, even in the present model with
viscosity effect. The amplitude of the SW decreased dramatically when the depth of the velocity maximum of the incident internal
wave in Region II corresponded with the depth of the shelf edge. In the narrow shelf model, where the decay distance of the
internal wave in Region I is longer than the shelf width, the incident internal wave reflected at the coast to form a standing
wave. When the internal wave in Region I is enhanced by the resonance, the energy of the SW in Region II is also intensified.
Furthermore, the energy of the modes in Region II predominated when the velocity maximum is identical to that of the dominant
mode in Region I. These results suggest that the spatial scale of shelf region is a very important factor governing the energy
dissipation of the internal tide through reflection and scattering in a narrow shelf. 相似文献
163.
Takushi Niki Miwa Shimizu Ayako Fujishiro Junji Kinoshita 《Journal of Oceanography》2007,63(5):873-877
During time-series observations in Sagami Bay, Japan, the concentration of dissolved dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSPd), a precursor of dimethylsulfide (DMS), was negatively correlated with salinity. In the laboratory, low-salinity shock reduced
DMS production rates of the natural bacterial community and induced rapid DMSP release from a dinophyte, Heterocapsa triquetra, suggesting that low-salinity shock reduced DMSPd consumption but enhanced DMSPd production, which agrees with the negative correlation between DMSPd and salinity observed in Sagami bay. In addition, low-salinity shock did not affect DMSP lyase activity of H. triquetra. Low-salinity shock would increase the contribution from algae in DMS production, leading to an increase in potential DMS
productivity in the environment. 相似文献
164.
Algorithm for HF radar vector current measurements 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A new algorithm is proposed, called the stream function method (SFM) for producing vector current maps from radial data measured
by dual-site high frequency surface wave radar (HFSWR). In SFM, a scalar stream function is constructed under some oceanographic
assumptions. The function describes the two-dimensional (2-D) ocean surface water motion and is used to obtain the distribution
of vector currents. The performance of SFM is evaluated using simulated radial data, which demonstrates that SFM has advantages
over typical vectorial combination methods (VCM) both in error acceptance and robustness, and excels another method based
on least-squares fitting (LSF) in recovering the complicated current models. Furthermore, SFM is capable of providing the
total currents based on radials from single-site radar. We also test the assumptions of horizontal non-divergence in the simulation.
The new algorithm is applied to the field experiment data of Wuhan University’s ocean state measuring and analyzing radar
(OSMAR), collected in the coastal East China Sea during April 11–17, 2004. Quantitative comparisons are given between radar
results by three current algorithms and in-situ current meter measurements. Preliminary analysis of the vertical current shear is given based on the current meter measurements. 相似文献
165.
The Blake Outer Ridge is a 480–kilometer long linear sedimentary drift ridge striking perpendicular to the North American
coastline. By modeling free-air gravity anomalies we tested for the presence of a crustal feature that may control the location
and orientation of the Blake Outer Ridge. Most of our crustal density models that match observed gravity anomalies require
an increase in oceanic crustal thickness of 1–3 km on the southwest side of the Blake Outer Ridge relative to the northeast
side. Most of these models also require 1–4 km of crustal thinning in zone 20–30 km southwest of the crest of the Blake Outer
Ridge. Although these features are consistent with the structure of oceanic fracture zones, the Blake Outer Ridge is not parallel
to adjacent known fracture zones. Magnetic anomalies suggest that the ocean crust beneath this feature formed during a period
of mid-ocean ridge reorganization, and that the Blake Outer Ridge may be built upon the bathymetric expression of an oblique
extensional feature associated with ridge propagation. It is likely that the orientation of this trough acted as a catalyst
for sediment deposition with the start of the Western Boundary Undercurrent in the mid-Oligocene. 相似文献
166.
Shinya Magome Tomohiro Yamashita Takeshi Kohama Atsushi Kaneda Yuichi Hayami Satoru Takahashi Hidetaka Takeoka 《Journal of Oceanography》2007,63(5):761-773
Jellyfish patch formation is investigated by conducting a drifter experiment combined with aerial photography of a sustained
patch of the moon jellyfish in Hokezu Bay, Japan. Jellyfish patches are aggregations of individuals that are caused by a combination
of swimming (active influence) and advection by currents (passive influence). The drifter experiment involved the injection
of 49 drifters around a distinct surface patch of jellyfish within an area of approximately 300 m × 300 m. The drifters’ motion,
caused only by the passive influence, was recorded in a series of 38 aerial photographs taken over approximately 1 h. The
ambient uniform current field larger than the patch scale was estimated from the movement of the centroid position of drifters,
while the distribution of horizontal divergence and relative vorticity around the patch was estimated from the time-derivative
in areas of triangles formed by the drifters. The centroid positions of both drifters and patches moved stably toward the
bay head at different speeds. The difference vector between the patch and drifter centroids was directed to the sun, and was
opposite to the ambient current. The distributions of vorticity and divergence around patches exhibited inhomogeneity within
the patch scale, and the drifters in this nonuniform current field aggregated near the convergence area within 1 h. The results
suggest that horizontal patch formation is predominantly influenced by passive factors at the surface of Hokezu Bay. Furthermore,
the upward swimming against downwelling may make sustained patch in surface layer. 相似文献
167.
The ecological aspect of meiofaunal communities in Can Gio mangrove forest, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam has not been investigated
before. The composition, distribution, density and biodiversity of meiofaunal communities were studied along an intertidal
transect at the Khe Nhan mudflat. Each time, three replicate samples were collected in four stations along a transect following
the water line from low tide level up to the mangrove forest edge. In total, 18 meiofaunal taxa were found with the dominant
taxa belonging to Nematoda, Copepoda, Sarcomastigophora and Polychaeta. The densities of meiofauna ranged from 1156 inds/10
cm2 to 2082 inds/10 cm2. The increase in densities from the mangrove forest edge towards the low water line was significant. Along the mudflat transect,
the biodiversity (expressed by different indices) was relatively high at different taxonomic levels but did not vary significantly
along the mudflat except for taxa richness. Eighty nematode genera belonging to 24 families with Comesomatidae having the
highest abundance 33.8 % were found.Theristus andNeochromadora decreased in densities from the lower water line towards the mangrove forest edge, whileParacomesoma andHopperia are typical and more abundant at the middle of the mudflat.Halalaimus increased from high on the mudflat to the low water line. 相似文献
168.
Observations of the Labrador Sea eddy field 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Jonathan M. Lilly Peter B. RhinesFriedrich Schott Kara LavenderJohn Lazier Uwe SendEric D’Asaro 《Progress in Oceanography》2003,59(1):75-176
This paper is an observational study of small-scale coherent eddies in the Labrador Sea, a region of dense water formation thought to be of considerable importance to the North Atlantic overturning circulation. Numerical studies of deep convection emphasize coherent eddies as a mechanism for the lateral transport of heat, yet their small size has hindered observational progress. A large part of this paper is therefore devoted to developing new methods for identifying and describing coherent eddies in two observational platforms, current meter moorings and satellite altimetry. Details of the current and water mass structure of individual eddy events, as they are swept past by an advecting flow, can then be extracted from the mooring data. A transition is seen during mid-1997, with long-lived boundary current eddies dominating the central Labrador Sea year-round after this time, and convectively formed eddies similar to those seen in deep convection modeling studies apparent prior to this time. The TOPEX / Poseidon altimeter covers the Labrador Sea with a loose “net” of observations, through which coherent eddies can seem to appear and disappear. By concentrating on locating and describing anomalous events in individual altimeter tracks, a portrait of the spatial and temporal variability of the underlying eddy field can be constructed. The altimeter results reveal an annual “pulsation” of energy and of coherent eddies originating during the late fall at a particular location in the boundary current, pinpointing the time and place of the boundary current-type eddy formation. The interannual variability seen at the mooring is reproduced, but the mooring site is found to be within a localized region of greatly enhanced eddy activity. Notably lacking in both the annual cycle and interannual variability is a clear relationship between the eddies or eddy energy and the intensity of wintertime cooling. These eddy observations, as well as hydrographic evidence, suggest an active role for boundary current dynamics in shaping the energetics and water mass properties of the interior region. 相似文献
169.
170.
Hideo Kawai 《Journal of Oceanography》2005,61(2):235-246
At present, the barotropic buoyant stability parameter has been derived from a vertical virtual displacement of a water parcel. The barotropic inertial stability parameter in the eccentrically cyclogeostrophic, basic current field was derived in 2003 from a horizontal cross-stream virtual displacement of a parcel. By expressing acceleration of a parcel due to a virtual displacement, which is arbitrarily sloping within a vertical section across the basic current, in terms of natural coordinates, we derived the vertical component of baroclinic buoyant stability parameter B
2
2, the horizontal component of baroclinic inertial stability parameter I
2
2, the baroclinic joint stability parameter J
2, its buoyant component B
2 and its inertial component I
2. B
2 is far greater than I
2
2, and when neglecting relative vorticity except for vertical shear, a downward convex curve of J
2 plotted against the slope of a virtual displacement follows a trend of B
2 curve. If a parcel displaces along a horizontal surface or an isopycnal surface, however, B
2 vanishes, and J
2 becomes equal to I
2. Actual parcel is apt to displace not only along the bottom slope, but also along the sea surface and an isopycnal interfacial surface, which is approximately equivalent to an isentropic surface, preferred by lateral mixing and exchange of momentum. Such actual displacement makes B
2 vanishing, and grants I
2 an important role. The present analysis of I
2 examining effects due to curvature and horizontal and vertical shear vorticities are useful in deepening our understanding of baroclinic instability in actual oceanic streams. 相似文献