Distribution of viral and bacterial pathogens in a coastal canal community     

Charles P. Gerba  Sagar M. Goyal  Eric M. Smith  Joseph L. Melnick 《Marine pollution bulletin》1977,8(12):279-282

Significant concentrations of human enteric viruses and bacteria were found to be present in the water and sediment of a coastal canal community into which secondarily treated sewage was being discharged.  相似文献   

Great-circle Rayleigh wave attenuation and group velocity,Part I: Observations for periods between 150 and 600 seconds for seven great-circle paths     

Joseph M Mills  Anton L Hales 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1977,14(2):109-119

Rayleigh wave attenuation coefficients and group velocities have been estimated for seven great-circle paths. The attenuation coefficient measurements cover the period range from 100 to 500 s, and group velocities the range from 100 to 600 s. Global average group velocities and attenuation coefficients have also been estimated for these period ranges. The spread of the individual path group velocities for 20-s averaging windows centred at 290, 250, 210, 180 and 150 s is less than 0.034, 0.028, 0.024, 0.048 and 0.071 km/s, respectively. Global average attenuation coefficients, when combined with global average group velocities, show that Q for Rayleigh waves has an approximately constant value of about 145 for periods between 150 and 220 s and slowly increases to a value of about 200 at a period of 400 s.  相似文献   

Die Sinkstofführung von Gezeitenströmen als Austauschproblem     

J. Joseph 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1954,7(1):482-501

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Rocking response of rigid blocks to earthquakes     

Chik-Sing Yim  Anil K. Chopra  Joseph Penzien 《地震工程与结构动力学》1980,8(6):565-587

This investigation deals with the rocking response of rigid blocks subjected to earthquake ground motion. A numerical procedure and computer program are developed to solve the non-linear equations of motion governing the rocking motion of rigid blocks on a rigid base subjected to horizontal and vertical ground motion. The response results presented show that the response of the block is very sensitive to small changes in its size and slenderness ratio and to the details of ground motion. Systematic trends are not apparent: The stability of a block subjected to a particular ground motion does not necessarily increase monotonically with increasing size or decreasing slenderness ratio. Overturning of a block by a ground motion of particular intensity does not imply that the block will necessarily overturn under the action of more intense ground motion. In contrast, systematic trends are observed when the problem is studied from a probabilistic point of view with the ground motion modelled as a random process. The probability of a block exceeding any response level, as well as the probability that a block overturns, increases with increase in ground motion intensity, increase in slenderness ratio of the block and decrease in its size. It is concluded that probabilistic estimates of the intensity of ground shaking may be obtained from its observed effects on monuments, minarets, tombstones and other similar objects provided suitable data in sufficient quantity is available, and the estimates are based on probabilistic analyses of the rocking response of rigid blocks, considering their non-linear dynamic behaviour.  相似文献   

Saharan air outbreaks over the tropical North Atlantic     

Joseph M. Prospero  Toby N. Carlson 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1980,119(3):677-691

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Bottled Waters — Expensive Ground Water     

Joseph R. J. Studlick  Richard C. Bain 《Ground water》1980,18(4):340-345

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Comparison of Foraminiferal, Coccolithophorid, and Radiolarian paleotemperature equations: Assemblage coherency and estimate concordancy     

Barbara Molfino  Nilva G. Kipp  Joseph J. Morley 《Quaternary Research》1982,17(3):279-313

The Imbrie-Kipp method of paleotemperature estimation is rigorously tested by comparing Atlantic temperature equations independently derived from the microfossils of three biotic groups: the Foraminifera, Coccolithophorida, and Radiolaria. This method consists of two steps: factor analysis of the modern sea-bed data of the individual groups which resolves discrete biogeographic assemblages and regression analysis of the modern assemblage data with observed sea-surface temperature data to obtain paleotemperature equations. Assemblage biogeography shows a simple subdivision into warm (low latitude) and cold (high latitude) for all biotic groups. Between biotic groups there is greater similarity among high-latitude assemblages than low-latitude ones. Correlating the assemblage data with observed sea-surface temperatures to produce temperature distribution patterns shows differences of less than 2°C in their optimum and critical temperatures. Regression analysis produced accurate temperature equations for each biotic group, all with standard errors of estimate of less than or equal to 2°C. Multiple correlation coefficients were all greater than 0.970. Applying these equations to two multiple biotic data sets (the modern and ice-age sea-bed data) and comparing their temperature estimates using the standard error pooled, shows over 87% concordancy for both data sets. Unlike the modern data, the discordancy among temperature estimates of the ice-age data shows a distinct geographic distribution; its cause is believed to be oceanographic, a difference in the water-mass structure between the modern and ice-age ocean.  相似文献   

Incidence of piscine erythrocytic necrosis (PEN) andGlugea hertwigi (Weissenberg) in rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax mitchill) in selected Massachusetts streams     

Doris Jimenez  Joseph E. Pelczarski  H. Russell Iwanowicz 《Estuaries and Coasts》1982,5(2):145-149

Smelt (Osmerus mordax) from six rivers along the coast of Massachusetts were examined for the microsporidianGlugea hertwigi and piscine erythrocytic necrosis (PEN), a viral blood disease. Of the 485 smelt sampled, 13.4% were affected byGlugea. Incidence ranged from 18.0% in the Town River to 0% in the Parker River. PEN was observed in all river systems. Incidence ranged from 97% in the Jones to 61% in the Parker River. Individual intensity of infection was low, with the majority of fish having less than 1% of their erythrocytes affected. The highest intensity for an individual specimen was 4.68%.  相似文献   

Comments on “Molecular diffusion and the sedimentary environment: results from the in situ determination of whole sediment diffusion coefficients” by P. E. Kepkay,R. C. Cooke and A. J. Bowen     

Joseph T. Westrich  Michael D. Krom  Robert A. Berner 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1982,46(11):2407

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A method for the study of the zonal kinetic energy balance in the atmosphere     

Victor P. Starr  Jose P. Peixoto  Joseph E. Sims 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1970,80(1):346-358

Summary The atmospheric balance of the kinetic energy of the zonally averaged zonal motion is investigated from five years of daily data at 800 stations for the northern hemisphere. The basic equation for such energy is used, together with the simplifying assumption that the frictional destruction is due in the main to stresses acting across horizontal surfaces, being thus presumably related to the vertical shear of the mean zonal wind, although no further details are needed in the analysis. The five-year averages of various terms as well as their seasonal means appear to give reasonable results.The research reported in this paper was sponsored by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant No. GA-1310X.  相似文献