Experimental investigation of turbulent processes in a complex terrain     

Thomas Foken  Jan Pretel  Reviewer J. Bednář  Reviewer Z. Jaňour 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1988,32(3):318-328

In the present paper the first results of the international KOPEX-86 experiment are presented. The experiment took place at the Kopisty Atmospheric Observatory of the Institute of Physics of the Atmosphere in Prague as part of a special project of the Commission of the Academy of Sciences in Planetary Geophysics (KAPG) in June and July 1986. Using 4 ultrasonic anemometers at 4 levels up to 80 m, Doppler-SODAR and wind-, temperature- and radiation balance gradients from 2 to 80 m, a complex investigation of the atmospheric boundary layer in an industrial area was made. The authors present the first results of

–	the anthropogenic influence on the energy exchange in the atmospheric boundary layer.
–	the influence of a complex terrain on the turbulent characteristics and their vertical distribution.

am n mam ¶rt;a¶rt; numa -86. num n¶rt;u mu u u u 1986. a num mu amuu mumma uuu am aa nma . u nu 4 amuu am a 4 ma ¶rt; 80 , ¶rt;nn ¶rt;aa u uua¶rt;um mu ma, mnam u a¶rt;uauu 2 ¶rt; 80 n¶rt;uu n u¶rt;au nau am. m n¶rt;aam n mam, aau

–	u¶rt;au amn ¶rt;mu a muu na am,
–	uu n mmu a aamumuu mmmu u a u mua an¶rt;u.

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The infrared dielectric properties of maghemite, γ-Fe2O3, from reflectance measurement on pressed powders     

Carlos Pecharromán  T. González-Carreño  Juan E. Iglesias 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1995,22(1):21-29

The infrared complex permittivity functions of three varieties of maghemite, γ-Fe₂O₃, having different degrees of vacancy ordering, have been determined from their IR reflectance spectra, measured at near to normal incidence on pressed powder pellets. The optical constants therefrom obtained have been verified by using them in the simulation of the corresponding absorption spectra for KBr-diluted pellets, and these are in excellent agreement with the experimental spectra. All calculations are based on a procedure for the estimation of the effective dielectric function of a mixture, which incorporates percolation features, recently developed by the authors.  相似文献   

Modelling the spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall intensity at local scale   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A. Redaño  J. Lorente 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》1993,47(1):25-32

Summary Accurate estimates of rainfall intensity distribution with high temporal and spatial resolution are necessary in most urban hydrological studies, such as planning, simulation or control of sewer networks. Traditionally, these data are obtained from intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves at sites with long rainfall intensity time-series, however, little attention is given to the spatial features of precipitation. In this paper, a mathematical model of a local scale storm that takes account of the spatial variability of rainfall and rain-cell movement is proposed. The model has been calibrated with a dense network of raingauges and a long rainfall intensity timeseries (60 years) and its parameters have been calculated for convective storms of return periods up to 15 years with their most frequently-observed rain-cell velocities (1 to 4 m/s).This work has been supported by the DGICYT, Project NAT91-0596.With 6 Figures  相似文献   

Radioactive and trace element distribution in basaltic rocks of Lower Silesia     

Vladimír Kropáček  Věra Vaňková  Reviewer J. Fiala 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1985,29(3):290-299

Summary The distribution of radioactive(Th, U, K) and selected trace(Rb, Sr, Ba, Y, Zr, V, Cr, Ni) elements in volcanic rocks from the Opole and Jawor regions of the Lower Silesia has been studied. The behaviour of these elements in the studied rocks indicates that the Lower Silesian volcanic rocks are characterized by less differentiated type than other volcanic rocks of the Bohemian Massif, the Opole rock types probably having a less differentiated character than the Jawor rock types.

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¶rt;a an¶rt;u a¶rt;uamu(Th, U, K) u m ¶rt;u(Rb, Sr, Ba, Y, Zr, V, Cr, Ni) m auu n¶rt;a am n u u uuu. a n mam n¶rt;num, m aum u uuu n¶rt;mam ¶rt; aamuu n¶rt; u ¶rt;uuau, aum u ana¶rt; uu. au a n¶rt;num, m auu n¶rt; amu n ¶rt;uuau ma ua n¶rt; u amu .

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Effect of cofactors of adjusted and unadjusted quantities on their functions     

Juraj Šütti  Reviewer L. Kubáčková 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1984,28(1):11-18

aamuam uu am a (m u naamuu n) u u (a) uu a uu mu uu. mam (19), (28) naam, m amua am mau u m ¶rt; am amu: a) na ¶rt;um am, n n a uu am u uu a uu; ) ma ¶rt;um am, m aam uu a uu.  相似文献   

Nutrient mediated stress on the marine communities of a coastal lagoon (Puerto Galera, Philippines)     

M. L. San Diego-McGlone  C. L. Villanoy  P. M. Alio 《Marine pollution bulletin》1995,31(4-12):355-366

Puerto Galera Bay is a coastal lagoon with a variety of marine habitats and high species diversity. It is an area in the Phillippines where the growing influence of human activities is affecting the quality of its marine resources. This study examined the distribution and behaviour of nutrients and the physical hydrography of Puerto Galera Bay and determined how its physico-chemical nature affected the condition of biotic components in the bay. The relative importance of the nitrogen and phosphorus signals were used as indicators to implicate the influence of sewage and run-off into the bay. A nutrient pool accumulated in the bay as a result of low flushing rates. The interaction of hydrodynamic forcing with the biota have implications on the phytoplankton production and coral communities in the area.  相似文献   

Solution of random structural system subject to nonstationary excitation: transforming the equation with random coefficients to one with deterministic coefficients and random initial conditions     

H. U. Kylüo luS. R. K. NielsenA. . akmak 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》1995,14(4)

This paper deals with the lower order (first four) nonstationary statistical moments of the response of linear systems with random stiffness and random damping properties subject to random nonstationary excitation modeled as white noise multiplied by an envelope function. The method of analysis is based on a Markov approach using stochastic differential equations (SDE). The linear SDE with random coefficients subject to random excitation with deterministic initial conditions are transformed to an equivalent nonlinear SDE with deterministic coefficients and random initial conditions subject to random excitation. In this procedure, new SDE with random initial conditions, deterministic coefficients and zero forcing functions are introduced to represent the random variables. The joint statistical moments of the response are determined by considering an augmented dynamic system with state variables made up of the displacement and velocity vectors and the random variables of the structural system. The zero time-lag joint statistical moment equations for the augmented state vector are derived from the Itô differential formula. The statistical moment equations are ordinary nonlinear differential equations where hierarchy of moments appear. The hierarchy is closed by the cumulant neglect closure method applied at the fourth order statistical moment level. General formulation is given for multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) systems and the performance of the method in problems with nonstationary excitations and large variabilities is illustrated for a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) oscillator.  相似文献   

Seismotectonic scheme of Central and Eastern Europe     

Vladimír Schenk  Vít Kárník  Zdeňka Schenková  Reviewer A. Zátopek 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1982,26(2):132-144

Summary The distribution of earthquake foci in the crust and the upper mantle indicates the position of mobile zones. Comparing epicentral maps of Central and Eastern Europe, known tectonic lines, results of deep seismic sounding and gravimetric survey enables a scheme of potential seismogenic zones, which correspond to active fault zones separating plates and blocks in the area, to be compiled. The level of earthquake activity varies along the investigated boundaries and can be considered as a measure of the intensity of the present geodynamic processes.Paper presented at the joint symposium AlO of the XVIIth General Assembly of the European Seismological Commission and of the 7th Annual Meeting of the European Geophysical Society, Budapest (Hungary), Aug. 21. – 29., 1980.  相似文献   

Time pattern of large earthquake sequences in Europe in 1976–1979     

Vít Kárník  Zdeňka Schenková  Vladimír Schenk  Reviewer K. Pěč 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1982,26(1):42-58

Summary The time development of three large sequences, Friuli 1976, Thessaloniki 1978 and Monte Negro-Albania 1979, was investigated by analysing the characteristics of the time distribution of magnitudes of the events, M(t), of average magnitudes, (t), and of the number of events, n(t), as well as the strain release curves and the magnitude-frequency relations, N(M). The existence of time gaps and of an anomalous decay of the numbers of shocks before major events, as well as the oscillation of ( const b^–1) may be considered as precursory phenomena. The clustering of events has been tested by the Poisson and negative binomial laws.Communication presented at the XVIIth General Assembly of the European Seismological Commission in Budapest, 21–29 August, 1980 under the title Properties of Seismic Regime and Recent Earthquake Sequences in Europe.  相似文献   

Kriging of water levels in the Souss aquifer,Morocco   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Mohamed Aboufirassi  Miguel A. Mariño 《Mathematical Geosciences》1983,15(4):537-551

Universal kriging is applied to water table data from the Souss aquifer in central Morocco. The procedure accounts for the spatial variability of the phenomenon to be mapped. With the use of measured elevations of the water table, an experimental variogram is constructed that characterizes the spatial variability of the measured water levels. Spherical and Gaussian variogram models are alternatively used to fit the experimental variogram. The models are used to develop contour maps of water table elevations and corresponding estimation variances. The estimation variances express the reliability of the kriged water table elevation maps. Universal kriging also provides a contour map of the expected elevation of the water table (drift). The differences between the expected and measured water table elevations are called residuals from the drift. Residuals from the drift are compared with residuals obtained by more traditional least-squares analysis.  相似文献