Temporal observations of rip current circulation on a macro-tidal beach   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Martin Austin  Tim Scott  Jeff Brown  Jenna Brown  Jamie MacMahan  Gerd Masselink  Paul Russell 《Continental Shelf Research》2010

A field experiment was conducted on a high energy macro-tidal beach (Perranporth, UK) to examine rip current dynamics over a low-tide transverse bar/rip system in response to changing tide and wave conditions. Hydrodynamic data were collected using an array of in situ acoustic doppler current meters and pressure transducers, as well as 12 GPS-tracked Lagrangian surf zone drifters. Inter-tidal and sub-tidal morphology were measured through RTK-GPS and echo-sounder surveys. Data were collected for eight consecutive days (15 tides) over a spring-neap tidal cycle with tidal ranges of 4–6.5 m and offshore significant wave heights of 1–2 m and peak periods of 5–12 s.  相似文献   

Ecology of Shallow Lakes, M. Scheffer     

Ken Irvine 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1999,22(3):331-333

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Professional conduct of scientists during volcanic crises   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

IAVCEI Subcommittee for Crisis Protocols: Chris Newhall · Shigeo Aramaki · Franco Barberi · Russell Blong · Marta Calvache · Jean-Louis Cheminee · Raymundo Punongbayan · Claus Siebe · Tom Simkin · Stephen Sparks · Wimpy Tjetjep  Chris Newhall 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1999,60(5):323-334

Stress during volcanic crises is high, and any friction between scientists can distract seriously from both humanitarian and scientific effort. Friction can arise, for example, if team members do not share all of their data, if differences in scientific interpretation erupt into public controversy, or if one scientist begins work on a prime research topic while a colleague with longer-standing investment is still busy with public safety work. Some problems arise within existing scientific teams; others are brought on by visiting scientists. Friction can also arise between volcanologists and public officials. Two general measures may avert or reduce friction: (a) National volcanologic surveys and other scientific groups that advise civil authorities in times of volcanic crisis should prepare, in advance of crises, a written plan that details crisis team policies, procedures, leadership and other roles of team members, and other matters pertinent to crisis conduct. A copy of this plan should be given to all current and prospective team members. (b) Each participant in a crisis team should examine his or her own actions and contribution to the crisis effort. A personal checklist is provided to aid this examination. Questions fall generally in two categories: Are my presence and actions for the public good? Are my words and actions collegial, i.e., courteous, respectful, and fair? Numerous specific solutions to common crisis problems are also offered. Among these suggestions are: (a) choose scientific team leaders primarily for their leadership skills; (b) speak publicly with a single scientific voice, especially when forecasts, warnings, or scientific disagreements are involved; (c) if you are a would-be visitor, inquire from the primary scientific team whether your help would be welcomed, and, in general, proceed only if the reply is genuinely positive; (d) in publications, personnel evaluations, and funding, reward rather than discourage teamwork. Models are available from the fields of particle physics and human genetics, among others.  相似文献   

Erratum     

R. Möller  J.-U. Grooß  D. S. McKenna  P. J. Crutzen  C. Bröhl  J. M. Russell III  L. L. Gordley  J. P. Burrows  A. F. Tuck 《Annales Geophysicae》1999,17(3):437-437

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Thematic Section: Geological anatomy of East and South Asia: Paleogeography and paleoenvironments in Eastern Tethys (IGCP 516) Part 1     

Ken‐Ichiro Hisada  Graciano P. Yumul Jr 《Island Arc》2008,17(4):419-420

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Introduced marine species: Management arrangements of consideration for the Torres Strait     

Kerry M. Neil  Robert Hilliard  Barry Russell  Paul Clark 《Continental Shelf Research》2008

Introduced marine species (IMS) can have significant impacts on economic, ecological, social and cultural aspects of coastal marine environments. There is, therefore, a need to minimise these impacts through the implementation of comprehensive and consistent management strategies and monitoring processes that work towards preventing introductions, detecting introductions if they were to occur and managing incursions should they be detected. There is also the need to ensure that approaches taken are comparable to provide consistency of IMS management effort, particularly across areas that are multi-jurisdictional (e.g. spanning State or Territory borders).  相似文献   

Phytoplankton photosynthetic parameters and primary production in Japan Sea and the East China Sea: Toward improving primary production models     

Takashi Yoshikawa  Ken Furuya 《Continental Shelf Research》2008

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A New Design of Scientific Software Using Python and XML     

Lutz Gross  Hans Mühlhaus  Elspeth Thorne  Ken Steube 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2008,165(3-4):653-670

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Ocean urea fertilization for carbon credits poses high ecological risks     

Glibert PM  Azanza R  Burford M  Furuya K  Abal E  Al-Azri A  Al-Yamani F  Andersen P  Anderson DM  Beardall J  Berg GM  Brand L  Bronk D  Brookes J  Burkholder JM  Cembella A  Cochlan WP  Collier JL  Collos Y  Diaz R  Doblin M  Drennen T  Dyhrman S  Fukuyo Y  Furnas M  Galloway J  Granéli E  Ha DV  Hallegraeff G  Harrison J  Harrison PJ  Heil CA  Heimann K  Howarth R  Jauzein C  Kana AA  Kana TM  Kim H  Kudela R  Legrand C  Mallin M  Mulholland M  Murray S  O'Neil J  Pitcher G  Qi Y  Rabalais N  Raine R  Seitzinger S  Salomon PS  Solomon C 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,56(6):1049-1056

The proposed plan for enrichment of the Sulu Sea, Philippines, a region of rich marine biodiversity, with thousands of tonnes of urea in order to stimulate algal blooms and sequester carbon is flawed for multiple reasons. Urea is preferentially used as a nitrogen source by some cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates, many of which are neutrally or positively buoyant. Biological pumps to the deep sea are classically leaky, and the inefficient burial of new biomass makes the estimation of a net loss of carbon from the atmosphere questionable at best. The potential for growth of toxic dinoflagellates is also high, as many grow well on urea and some even increase their toxicity when grown on urea. Many toxic dinoflagellates form cysts which can settle to the sediment and germinate in subsequent years, forming new blooms even without further fertilization. If large-scale blooms do occur, it is likely that they will contribute to hypoxia in the bottom waters upon decomposition. Lastly, urea production requires fossil fuel usage, further limiting the potential for net carbon sequestration. The environmental and economic impacts are potentially great and need to be rigorously assessed.  相似文献   

Evaluating explosive eruption risk at European volcanoes     

Peter J. Baxter  Augusto Neri  Russell Blong 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2008

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