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Solar System Research - An approach that correctly takes into account the contribution of aeronomic reactions due to the direct absorption of hard solar radiation to the energy balance of... 相似文献
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A thermodynamic approach to the construction of a phenomenological macroscopic model of developed turbulence in a compressible fluid is considered with regard for the formation of space–time dissipative structures. A set of random variables were introduced into the model as internal parameters of the turbulent–chaos subsystem. This allowed us to obtain, by methods of nonequilibrium thermodynamics, the kinetic Fokker–Planck equation in the configuration space. This equation serves to determine the temporary evolution of the conditional probability distribution function of structural parameters pertaining to the cascade process of fragmentation of large-scale eddies and temperature inhomogeneities and to analyze Markovian stochastic processes of transition from one nonequilibrium stationary turbulent-motion state to another as a result of successive loss of stability caused by a change in the governing parameters. An alternative method for investigating the mechanisms of such transitions, based on the stochastic Langevin-type equation intimately related to the derived kinetic equation, is also considered. Some postulates and physical and mathematical assumptions used in the thermodynamic model of structurized turbulence are discussed in detail. In particular, we considered, using the deterministic transport equation for conditional means, the cardinal problem of the developed approach—the possibility of the existence of asymptotically stable stationary states of the turbulent-chaos subsystem. Also proposed is the nonequilibrium thermodynamic potential for internal coordinates, which extends the well-known Boltzmann–Planck relationship for equilibrium states to the nonequilibrium stationary states of the representing ensemble. This potential is shown to be the Lyapunov function for such states. The relation is also explored between the internal intermittence in the inertial interval of scales and the fluctuations of the energy of dissipation. This study is aimed at constructing representative models of natural space environments. It develops a synergetic approach to modeling the structurized turbulence of astrophysical and geophysical systems, which was proposed by the author in previous papers (Kolesnichenko, 2002, 2003). 相似文献
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M.V. Kolesnichenko D.A. Zedgenizov A.L. Ragozin K.D. Litasov V.S. Shatsky 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2018,59(7):763-779
A comprehensive study of 26 mafic mantle xenoliths from the Udachnaya kimberlite pipe was carried out. The contents of major and trace elements, equilibrium temperature parameters, and water content in the rock-forming minerals were determined. The temperatures of formation of the studied rocks are estimated at 800–1300 °C. According to IR spectroscopy data, the water content in clinopyroxenes from the studied eclogites varies from values below the detection limit to 99 ppm. The IR spectra of garnets lack bands of water. The water content in clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene from garnet websterite is 72 and 8 ppm, respectively. The water content in the average rock, calculated from the ratio of the rock-forming minerals, varies from a few to 55 ppm. No relationship among the water content, equilibrium temperatures, and rock composition is established. The low water contents in the eclogites are close to the earlier determined water contents in peridotites from the same pipe and are, most likely, due to the re-equilibration of the eclogites with the rocks of the peridotitic lithospheric mantle. The dehydration of the protolith during its subduction and the partial melting of eclogites before their removal by kimberlitic magma to the surface might be an additional cause of the low water contents in the mantle eclogite xenoliths. 相似文献
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The evolutionary hydrodynamic model for the formation and growth of loose dust aggregates in the aerodisperse medium of a laminar disk, which was originally comprised of the gas and solid (sub)micrometer particles, is considered as applied to the problem of the formation of planetesimals in the Solar protoplanetary cloud. The model takes into account the fractal properties of dust clusters. It is shown that the clusters partly merge in the process of cluster-cluster coagulation, giving rise to the formation of large fractal aggregates that are the basic structure-forming elements of loose protoplanetesimals arising as a result of physicochemical and hydrodynamic processes similar to the processes of growth of the fractal clusters. Earlier, the modeling was conventionally performed in an “ordinary” continuous medium without considering the multifractional structure of the dust component of the protoplanetary cloud and the fractal nature of the dust clusters being formed during its evolution. Instead, we propose to consider a complex of loose dust aggregates as a special type of continuous medium, namely, the fractal medium for which there exist points and regions that are not filled with its particles. We suggest performing the hydrodynamic modeling of this medium, which has a noninteger mass dimensionality, in a fractional integral model (its differential form) that takes the fractality into account using fractional integrals whose order is determined by a fractal dimensionality of the disk medium. 相似文献
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Astronomy Reports - Using the Verlinde formalism, several scenarios for the evolution of the Friedmann–Robertson–Walker universe are considered, which are possible within the entropic... 相似文献