Hourly to decadal time scale variations of the spectral and total “solar constant”     

K. Ya. Kondratyev  G. A. Nikolsky  E. O. Shultz 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1996,61(3-4):119-126

Summary The most significant solar spectral radiation bursts that occurred during more than twelve-years observation period at an high altitude station are analyzed. It is shown that the number and amplitudes of solar spectral bursts increase when the solar activity (SA) maximum is approaching. A plausible mechanism of short-term variations of extra-atmospheric solar spectral irradiance (ETSSI) is discussed. It appears that a burst of ETSSI arises when the Earth is sporadically irradiated by a strong flux of induced violet-blue high coming out of magnetic flux tubes in the active region (AR) of the Sun. We confirm earlier conclusions that on the time-scale of decades there is a close relationship between variations in the areas of faculae, the solar constant, and surface air temperature. On the basis of these results we suggest that at the end of the 1930s, when the Sun was very active, its effective output was about 0.4%, and the surface temperature in the Northern hemisphere about 0.4°C, higher than in the first decade of the 20th century.With 5 Figures  相似文献   

3D Simulation of Anisotropic Heat Transfer in Outer Layers of Magnetized Neutron Stars     

I. A. Kondratyev  S. G. Moiseenko  G. S. Bisnovatyi-Kogan  M. V. Glushikhina 《Astronomy Reports》2020,64(3):226-243

The results of three-dimensional numerical simulation of heat transfer in the outer layers of magnetized neutron stars are presented. Determining the structure of the magnetic field on a neutron star surface is an important task of modern astrophysics. In the presence of strong magnetic fields, the medium becomes anisotropic, and the laws of heat conduction change. The tensor coefficient of thermal conductivity for magnetized degenerate plasma was obtained by Bisnovatyi-Kogan and Glushikhina by solving the Boltzmann equation with the Chapman–Enskog method. In this paper, the temperature distribution on the surface of a magnetized neutron star is obtained for magnetic fields of the dipolar and quadrupolar type, as well as for their superposition. To numerically solve the stationary temperature distribution problem in the outer layers of a magnetized neutron star, the basic (support) operator numerical method was extended to a three-dimensional case. The problem was solved on the grid which consists of tetrahedra.  相似文献   

R-Toroid as a Three-Dimensional Generalization of a Gaussian Ring and Its Application in Astronomy     

Kondratyev  B. P.  Kornoukhov  V. S. 《Astronomy Reports》2021,65(5):412-426

Astronomy Reports - A new analytical model (R-toroid), representing a 3D generalization of the precessing Gaussian ring, is constructed for the study of secular perturbations in celestial...  相似文献   

Effect of the Earth’s compression on the physical libration of the Moon     

B. P. Kondratyev 《Solar System Research》2012,46(5):341-351

The effect of the Earth??s compression on the physical libration of the Moon is studied using a new vector method. The moment of gravitational forces exerted on the Moon by the oblate Earth is derived considering second order harmonics. The terms in the expression for this moment are arranged according to their order of magnitude. The contribution due to a spherically symmetric Earth proves to be greater by a factor of 1.34 × 10⁶ than a typical term allowing for the oblateness. A linearized Euler system of equations to describe the Moon??s rotation with allowance for external gravitational forces is given. A full solution of the differential equation describing the Moon??s libration in longitude is derived. This solution includes both arbitrary and forced oscillation harmonics that we studied earlier (perturbations due to a spherically symmetric Earth and the Sun) and new harmonics due to the Earth??s compression. We posed and solved the problem of spinorbital motion considering the orientation of the Earth??s rotation axis with regard to the axes of inertia of the Moon when it is at a random point in its orbit. The rotation axes of the Earth and the Moon are shown to become coplanar with each other when the orbiting Moon has an ecliptic longitude of L _? = 90° or L _? = 270°. The famous Cassini??s laws describing the motion of the Moon are supplemented by the rule for coplanarity when proper rotations in the Earth-Moon system are taken into account. When we consider the effect of the Earth??s compression on the Moon??s libration in longitude, a harmonic with an amplitude of 0.03?? and period of T ₈ = 9.300 Julian years appears. This amplitude exceeds the most noticeable harmonic due to the Sun by a factor of nearly 2.7. The effect of the Earth??s compression on the variation in spin angular velocity of the Moon proves to be negligible.  相似文献   

Potential of a gaussian ring. A new approach     

B. P. Kondratyev 《Solar System Research》2012,46(5):352-362

A fundamentally new approach to an elliptic Gaussian ring has been developed. It has been ascertained that it can be produced from a uniform plane elliptic disk by mass balayage into an elementary homothetic layer with the center of homothety at an ellipse focus. An advantage of new interpretation is in the fact that the spatial potential of a Gaussian ring is expressed in terms of the potential of a uniform elliptic disk, well-known in the finite form, and its derivatives. A general formula for the potential of a two-dimensional homothetic layer has been derived with this purpose. As a result, the potential of a Gaussian ring is represent-able in a simple analytical form in terms of standard complete elliptic integrals in both elliptic and Cartesian coordinates. The mass asymmetry along the ring is considered explicitly. The potential formulas are verified numerically and have no singular points at ellipse foci. Particular cases are considered; the 3D potential surface and system of equipotentials are constructed. Knowledge of the potential extends the range of application of a Gaussian ring in the problem of calculation of secular perturbations in celestial mechanics.  相似文献   

The near-equilibrium figure of the dwarf planet Haumea and possible mechanism of origin of its satellites     

B. P. Kondratyev 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2016,361(5):169

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Modeling of coseismic crustal movements initiated by the May 24, 2013, M w = 8.3 Okhotsk deep focus earthquake     

N. V. Shestakov  M. Ohzono  H. Takahashi  M. D. Gerasimenko  V. G. Bykov  E. I. Gordeev  V. N. Chebrov  N. N. Titkov  S. S. Serovetnikov  N. F. Vasilenko  A. S. Prytkov  A. A. Sorokin  M. A. Serov  M. N. Kondratyev  V. V. Pupatenko 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2014,457(2):976-981

The Okhotsk deep focus earthquake (M _w = 8.3), the largest in the history of instrumental seismology, occurred on May 24, 2013, at 05:45 UTC in the Sea of Okhotsk near the western coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula. For the first time we have succeeded in catching the field of horizontal and vertical coseismic offsets generated by a strong deep seismic event, and investigating its characteristics using continuous GPS measurements. Based on these data and taking into account the seismological information, we have developed a dislocation model of the Okhotsk deep focus earthquake.  相似文献   

Influence of nonequilibrium processes of radiation cooling of combustion products on the content of nitrogen oxides in atmospheric emissions     

K. Ya. Kondratyev  N. I. Moskalenko  R. I. Nezmetdinov 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2006,409(1):784-786

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Study of the Secular Evolution of Circumbinary Systems Using R-Toroid and Gaussian Ring Models     

Kondratyev  B. P.  Kornoukhov  V. S. 《Astronomy Reports》2021,65(7):588-597

Astronomy Reports - Two methods have been developed to study secular (apsidal and nodal) orbital precession in circumbinary systems consisting of a binary star and an exoplanet. The first method is...  相似文献   

Secular Evolution of Rings around Rotating Triaxial Gravitating Bodies     

Kondratyev  B. P.  Kornoukhov  V. S. 《Astronomy Reports》2020,64(10):870-875

Astronomy Reports - The problem of the secular evolution of a thin ring around a rapidly rotating triaxial celestial body is formulated and solved. The technology for calculating secular...  相似文献