William F. Petersen     

Konrad Büttner 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》1950,2(3):291-291

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

Late Holocene sea-surface temperature and precipitation variability in northern Patagonia, Chile (Jacaf Fjord, 44°S)     

Julio Sepúlveda  Silvio Pantoja  Konrad A. Hughen  Sbastien Bertrand  Dante Figueroa  Tania Len  Nicholas J. Drenzek  Carina Lange 《Quaternary Research》2009,72(3):400-409

A high-resolution multi-proxy study including the elemental and isotopic composition of bulk organic matter, land plant-derived biomarkers, and alkenone-based sea-surface temperature (SST) from a marine sedimentary record obtained from the Jacaf Fjord in northern Chilean Patagonia (44°20′S) provided a detailed reconstruction of continental runoff, precipitation, and summer SST spanning the last 1750 yr. We observed two different regimes of climate variability in our record: a relatively dry/warm period before 900 cal yr BP (lower runoff and average SST 1°C warmer than present day) and a wet/cold period after 750 cal yr BP (higher runoff and average SST 1°C colder than present day). Relatively colder SSTs were found during 750–600 and 450–250 cal yr BP, where the latter period roughly corresponds to the interval defined for the Little Ice Age (LIA). Similar climatic swings have been observed previously in continental and marine archives of the last two millennia from central and southern Chile, suggesting a strong latitudinal sensitivity to changes in the Southern Westerly Winds, the main source of precipitation in southern Chile, and validating the regional nature of the LIA. Our results reveal the importance of the Chilean fjord system for recording climate changes of regional and global significance.  相似文献   

Terrigenous plant wax inputs to the Arabian Sea: Implications for the reconstruction of winds associated with the Indian Monsoon   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kristina A. Dahl  Delia W. Oppo  Konrad A. Hughen  Frank Sirocko 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2005,69(10):2547-2558

We have determined the accumulation rates and carbon isotopic compositions (δ¹³C) of long-chain (C₂₄-C₃₂) terrigenous plant wax fatty acids in 19 surface sediment samples geographically distributed throughout the Arabian Sea in order to assess the relationship between plant wax inputs and the surrounding monsoon wind systems. Both the accumulation rate data and the δ¹³C data show that there are three primary eolian sources of plant waxes to the Arabian Sea: Africa, Asia, and the Arabian Peninsula. These sources correspond to the three major wind systems in this region: the summer (Southwest) monsoon, the winter (Northeast) monsoon, and the summer northwesterlies that blow over the Arabian Peninsula. In addition, plant waxes are fluvially supplied to the Gulf of Oman and the Eastern African margin by nearby rivers. Plant wax δ¹³C values reflect the vegetation types of the continental source regions. Greater than 75% of the waxes from Africa and Asia are derived from C₄ plants. Waxes delivered by northwesterly winds reflect a greater influence (25-40%) of C₃ vegetation, likely derived from the Mesopotamian region. These data agree well with previously published studies of eolian dust deposition, particularly of dolomite derived from the Arabian Peninsula and the Mesopotamian region, in surface sediments of the Arabian Sea. The west-to-east gradient of plant wax δ¹³C and dolomite accumulation rates are separately useful indicators of the relationship between the northwesterly winds and the winds of the Southwest monsoon. Combined, however, these two proxies could provide a powerful tool for the reconstruction of both southwest monsoon strength as well as Mesopotamian aridity.  相似文献   

The role of tourism in land utilization conflicts on the Spanish Mediterranean coast     

Dr. Konrad Tyrakowski 《GeoJournal》1986,13(1):19-26

Spain's Mediterranean coastline is strongly influenced by conflicts between different land utilization. Space of diverse qualities (sunshine, proximity to the sea, ground-water, modes of transport, quality of soil) represents a limited resource that can either be wasted by specific preferences of be preserved and used in public interest.The activity that uses up most land is national and international hard tourism, which has influenced the appearance of the coastline since the nineteensixties. Unplanned building of holiday residences and of settlements (urbanizaciones) as well as the high concentration of hotels along the beach have resulted in excessive use with nearly irreparable desasters.Land prices rose dramatically in the sixties and in the first half of the seventies. In the meantime, however, the bad state of the nation's economy has put the lid on it. Pollution and high traffic density, provoked among others by tourism, eventually boomerang against tourism itself.Agricultural areas of high yields in the huertas tend to disappear. Tenants and labourers leave and seek for jobs in construction or services. In a few cases only does tourism lead to a more intensive tillage. It is not only the unlimited desires of a leisure-oriented society that causes such destructive development, but also, speculation among land owners and contractors in order to achieve the highest profit possible as well as the lack of planning and of steadfastness within public administration.  相似文献   

Annual review of earth and planetary sciences,volume 11: Editors: George W. Wetherill,Arden L. Albee,Francis G. Stehli,Annual Reviews,Inc., 1983, 509 p., $44.00     

Konrad B. Krauskopf 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1983,47(12):2298

  相似文献   

Meteorology,a science in the service of mankind     

Konrad Cehak 《Geoforum》1973,4(2):3-5

  相似文献   

Climate Change driven evolution of hazards to Europe’s transport infrastructure throughout the twenty-first century     

Christoph?MatullaEmail author  Brigitta?Hollósi  Konrad?Andre  Julia?Gringinger  Barbara?Chimani  Joachim?Namyslo  Tobias?Fuchs  Markus?Auerbach  Carina?Herrmann  Brigitte?Sladek  Heimo?Berghold  Roland?Gschier  Eva?Eichinger-Vill 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2018,131(1-2):227-243

Air circulation due to the urban heat island (UHI) effect can influence the dispersion of air pollutants in a metropolis. This study focusses on the influence of the UHI effect on particulate matter (PM; including PM_2.5 and PM_2.5–10) between May and September 2010–2012 in the Taipei basin. Meteorological and PM data were obtained from the sites, owned by the governmental authorities. The analysis was carried out using t test, relative indices (RIs), Pearson product–moment correlation and stepwise regression. The results show that the RI values for PM were the highest at moderate UHI intensity (MUI; 2 °C ≤ UHI < 4 °C) rather than at strong UHI intensity (SUI; 4 °C ≤ UHI) during the peak time for anthropogenic emissions (20:00 LST). Neither the accumulation of PM nor the surface convergence occurred in the hot centre, as shown by the case study. At MUI, more than 89 % of the synoptic weather patterns showed that the weather was clear and hot or that the atmosphere was stable. The variation in PM was associated with horizontal and vertical air dispersion. Poor horizontal air dispersion, with subsidence, caused an increase in PM at MUI. However, the updraft motion diluted the PM at SUI. The stepwise regression models show that the cloud index and surface air pressure determined the variation in PM_2.5–10, while cloud index, wind speed and mixing height influenced the variation in PM_2.5. In conclusion, a direct relationship between UHI effect and PM was not obvious.  相似文献   

The spatial distribution of tornadoes and high wind impacts associated with inland-moving tropical cyclones in the southeastern United States     

Margaret M. Kovach  Charles E. Konrad II 《自然地理学》2014,35(3):245-271

The southeastern United States is routinely hit by tropical cyclones (TC). As TC track inland and dissipate their inland impacts can be substantial. This study examined the spatial patterns of societal impacts associated with tornadoes and high winds with 31 inland-moving TC that made landfall from 1985 to 2008. Hourly weather information was collected from all available first-order weather stations affected by each storm, as well as tropical cyclone preliminary reports issued from the National Hurricane Center. Societal impacts were identified through selected newspapers across the region and the National Climatic Data Center’s Storm Data. Geographic Information System (GIS) software was employed to make geometric measurements of the distance and direction of the impacts relative to storm center. From these measurements, the spatial distribution of the societal and meteorological impacts was plotted relative to the track (e.g., left vs. right) and location (forward vs. rear sector) of the cyclone center. Various tropical cyclone attributes, including size, strength, and forward speed of movement were then related to the occurrence of different impacts and their location relative to the cyclone track. The majority of tropical cyclone tornado and high wind impacts occur in the right-forward sector of the tropical cyclone. However, many TC produce impacts that occur in other sectors far from the center of circulation. These abnormalities are associated in many cases with interactions between the tropical cyclone circulation, topography, peripheral dry air, and extratropical synoptic weather features.  相似文献