Variable infiltration and river flooding resulting in changing groundwater quality – A case study from Central Europe     

Konrad Miotliński  Dieke Postma  Andrzej Kowalczyk 《Journal of Hydrology》2012

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Recovery of Injected Freshwater from a Brackish Aquifer with a Multiwell System   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Konrad Miotliński  Peter J. Dillon  Paul Pavelic  Karen Barry  Sarah Kremer 《Ground water》2014,52(4):495-502

Herein we propose a multiple injection and recovery well system strategically operated for freshwater storage in a brackish aquifer. With the system we call aquifer storage transfer and recovery (ASTR) by using four injection and two production wells, we are capable of achieving both high recovery efficiency of injected freshwater and attenuation of contaminants through adequately long residence times and travel distances within the aquifer. The usual aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) scheme, in which a single well is used for injection and recovery, does not warrant consistent treatment of injected water due to the shorter minimum residence times and travel distances. We tested the design and operation of the system over 3 years in a layered heterogeneous limestone aquifer in Salisbury, South Australia. We demonstrate how a combination of detailed aquifer characterization and solute transport modeling can be used to maintain acceptable salinity of recovered water for its intended use along with natural treatment of recharge water. ASTR can be used to reduce treatment costs and take advantage of aquifers with impaired water quality that might locally not be otherwise beneficially used.  相似文献   

Interfacial liquid water on Mars and its potential role in formation of hill and dune gullies     

Konrad J. Kossacki  Wojciech J. Markiewicz 《Icarus》2010,210(1):83-91

Gullies are among the most intriguing structures identified on the surface of Mars. Most common are gullies located on the slopes of craters which are probably formed by liquid water transported by shallow aquifers (Heldmann, J.L., Carlsson, E., Johansson, H., Mellon, M.T., Toon, O.B. [2007]. Icarus 188, 324-344). Two particular types of gullies are found on slopes of isolated hills and dunes. The hill-slope gullies are located mostly at 50°S, which is at the high end of latitudes of bulk of the gullies found so far. The dune gullies are found in several locations up to 65°S (Reiss, D., Jaumann, R., Kereszturi, A., Sik, A., Neukum, G. [2007]. Lunar Planet. Sci. XXXVIII. Abstract 1993), but the best known are those in Russel crater at 54°S. The hill and dune gullies are longer than others making the aquifers explanation for their formation unlikely (Balme, M., Mangold, N., Baratoux, D., Costard, F., Gosselin, M., Masson, P., Pnet, P., Neukum, G. [2006]. J. Geophys. Res. 111. doi:10.1029/2005JE002607). Recently it has been noted that thin liquid films of interfacial water can play a role in rheological processes on the surface of Mars (Moehlmann, D. [2008]. Icarus 195, 131-139. Kereszturi, A., Moehlmann, D., Berczi, Sz., Ganti, T., Kuti, A., Sik, A., Horvath, A. [2009]. Icarus 201, 492-503.). Here we try to answer the question whether interfacial liquid water may occur on Mars in quantities large enough to play a role in formation of gullies. To verify this hypothesis we have calculated thermal models for hills and dunes of various steepness, orientation and physical properties. We find that within a range of average expected values of parameters it is not possible to have more than a few monolayers of liquid water at depths greater than a centimeter. To create subsurface interfacial water film significantly thicker and hence to produce conditions for the slope instability, parameters have to be chosen to have their extreme realistic values or an additional source of surface heating is needed. One possibility for additional heating is a change of atmospheric conditions due to a local dust storm. We conclude that if interfacial water is responsible for the formation of the hill-slope gullies, our results may explain why the hill gullies are rare.  相似文献   

Influence of solar activity,especially and high altitudes,on theTakata-flocculation-reaction in serum of normal persons     

Kurt R. Reißmann  Konrad Buettner  Elaine A. Topka 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》1953,5(1):103-111

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Limnological conditions in a subarctic lake (northern Québec, Canada) during the late Holocene: analyses based on fossil diatoms     

Karin Ponader  Reinhard Pienitz  Warwick Vincent  Konrad Gajewski 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2002,27(3):353-366

A fossil diatom record covering the past 3000 cal. years BP wasanalyzed from a small lake in northwestern Québec near the northernlimit of present-day tree-line. Fragilaria virescens var.exigua Grunow in Van Heurck was the dominant speciesthroughout the core with abundances ranging between 13–35% of thetotal valve count. There was a replacement of alkaliphilous taxa byacidophilous taxa beginning ca. 1300 cal. yr ago, probably reflectinglong-term, natural acidification processes. A diatom-based transfer functionwas used to provide quantitative estimates of variations in lakewater dissolvedorganic carbon (DOC). These inferred values showed that DOC concentrations haveremained stable over the past 3000 years (mean ± S.D. = 5 ± 0.43 mg C l^–1), suggesting relatively constant allochthonouscarbon inputs and underwater light conditions during the late Holocene. Thereconstructed DOC data were compared to the palynological record from the samelake. Our study indicates that, in contrast to paleolimnological records fromlakes in central and western Canada, climatic variations and associatedvegetational shifts have been too subtle to cause pronounced variations in DOCin this northern Québec site.  相似文献   

Geochemistry and geochronology of Early Mesozoic tholeiites from Central Morocco     

L. Fiechtner  H. Friedrichsen  K. Hammerschmidt 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1992,81(1):45-62

From Central Morocco (Central High Atlas, Middle Atlas, Haute Moulouya) continental tholeiites were investigated geochemically and geochronologically. These tholeiites are intercalated within continental redbeds of the Early Mesozoic (Triassic-Liassic). The major, trace and rare earth element contents classify these volcanic rocks as basaltic to andesitic-basaltic, quartz-normative tholeiites. Some trace element ratios (e.g. Zr/Nb, Zr/ Y, Y/Nb, Ti/V) suffer a heterogeneous source with a composition similar to MORB (P- to N-type). The enriched LILE contents, the negative Nb anomaly and the inital⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7064–0.7069) reveal the presence of a crustal component up to 13–17 wt%.⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of carbonate mineral separates from different lava flows show different cycles of alteration; however, the major and trace element chemistry together with Sr isotope evidence, indicate that the alteration phases are not submarine in origin.⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar age determinations on translucent plagioclase phenocrysts yield extrusion ages which range between 210.4 ± 2.1 Ma and 196.3 ± 1.2 Ma. These ages correspond to a stratigraphic period between the Norian (Rhaetian?) and the Upper Sinemurian.  相似文献   

Book reviews     

Michael Sokolov  Brigitte Nixdorf  Mohammad A. Kishk  Mohammed A. Kishk  Wolf Tietze  W. Weischet  G. H. Pirie  Helmut Blume  Konrad Murr  H. Hubrich  Hans-Jürgen Brosin 《GeoJournal》1991,25(1):58-96

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Book reviews     

Andrea Borgia  Douglas R. Schmitt  Manfred Koch  Leo A. Maslov  Konrad Bajer  Jacek Leliwa-Kopystyński  Lech Stefaníak 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1992,138(2):335-352

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Farbmessungen im Mittleren und Oberen Buntsandstein Süddeutschlands     

Dipl.-Geol. Konrad Wasserbauer 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1982,71(3):829-834

Zusammenfassung Die große Variationsbreite der rotbraunen Farben im Buntsandstein bieten bei geeignetem Meßgerät und spezieller Methode eine wichtige Anwendungsmöglichkeit für stratigraphisches Arbeiten. Ein Farbprofil der Röttone (so 3 T, so 4 T) über 120 km Distanz, sowie die Auswertung der Farben von Kernbohrungen im Mittleren Buntsandstein (sm) zeigen den großen Wert exakter Farbmessungen.

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Colour measurements in the Middle and Upper Buntsandstein of Southern Germany prove that the method used here is a simple instrument for the correlation of strata series. A colour section of the Röttone (so 3 T, so 4 T) along a distance of 120 km and the interpretation of drill cores of the Middle Buntsandstein (sm) show the value of the exact colour measurements for stratigraphical research.

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Résumé Des mensurations de la couleur, à l'aide d'un Lovibond-Schofield-Tintometer, du Buntsandstein moyen et supérieur en Allemagne du Sud sont aptes à l'établissement de corrélations stratigraphiques. Des mesures dans les Röttone (so3T,so4T) sur une distance de 120 km et des interprétations des couleurs du Buntsandstein moyen (sm) — obtenues par carottage — témoignent de l'importance de tels mesures pour les recherches stratigraphiques.

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, (sm).

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Poster anläßlich der 72. Jahrestagung der Geologischen Vereinigung am 25.-27. 2. 1982 in Würzburg.  相似文献   

Defining hydroclimatic regions using daily rainfall characteristics in the southern Appalachian Mountains     

Johnathan W. Sugg  Charles E. Konrad II 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2020,13(7):785-802

ABSTRACT

This paper addresses warm season hydroclimatic variability in the southern Appalachian region of the southeastern U.S., where precipitation can vary as much as 127?mm or more, with maximum seasonal totals exceeding 736?mm in extreme cases. Despite the occurrence of droughts, floods, and their socioecological impacts, hydroclimate variability is still poorly understood. This study characterizes the regional scale variations in the hydroclimate by examining the daily distribution of precipitation patterns in different topographic environments. Parameter-elevation relationships on independent slopes model (PRISM) gridded precipitation estimates are used to identify the location and frequency of different types of rainfall events. Several types of clustering algorithms are used as a regionalization approach to define areas where the precipitation regime exhibits similarities in its frequency of occurrence. The results are compared with internal validation statistics and a visualization is used to assess how well the resulting hydroclimatic regions align with different topographic environments. This study reveals the intricate spatial footprint of dry and wet regimes and demonstrates how clustering applications can be used with gridded climate data to determine where extremes are most likely to develop across mountain catchments.  相似文献