Seasonal Variation of the Cheju Warm Current in the Northern East China Sea   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

Heung-Jae Lie  Cheol-Ho Cho  Jae-Hak Lee  Suk Lee  Yuxiang Tang 《Journal of Oceanography》2000,56(2):197-211

The Cheju Warm Current has been defined as a mean current that rounds Cheju-do clockwise, transporting warm and saline water to the western coastal area of Cheju-do and into the Cheju Strait in the northern East China Sea (Lie et al., 1998). Seasonal variation of the Cheju Warm Current and its relevant hydrographic structures were examined by analyzing CTD data and trajectories of satellite-tracked drifters. Analysis of a combined data set of CTD and drifters confirms the year-round existence of the Cheju Warm Current west of Cheju-do and in the Cheju Strait, with current speeds of 5 to 40 cm/s. Saline waters transported by the Cheju Warm Current are classified Cheju Warm Current water for water of salinity greater than 34.0 psu and modified Cheju Warm Current for water having salinity of 33.5–34.0 psu. In winter, Cheju Warm Current water appears in a relatively large area west of Cheju-do, bounded by a strong thermohaline front formed in a "" shape. In summer and autumn, the Cheju Warm Current water appears only in the lower layer, retreating to the western coastal area of Cheju-do in summer and to the eastern coastal area sometimes in autumn. The Cheju Warm Current is found to flow in the western channel of the Korea/Tsushima Strait after passing through the Cheju Strait, contributing significantly to the Tsushima Warm Current.  相似文献   

Tidal Currents in the Tsushima Straits Estimated from ADCP Data by Ferryboat   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Tetsutaro Takikawa  Jono-Hwan Yoon  Kyu-Dae Cho 《Journal of Oceanography》2003,59(1):37-47

Tidal currents in the Tsushima Straits have been analyzed using measurements obtained since February 1997 by an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) mounted on the ferryboat Camellia. Tidal current constituents (M ₂, S ₂, K ₁, O ₁) are dominant among the ten tidal current constituents (Q ₁, O ₁, P ₁, K ₁, N ₂, M ₂, S ₂, K ₂, MSf, Mf), and generally 1.4–2.1 times stronger at the western channel of the straits than those at the eastern channel. The ratio between amplitude of M ₂, S ₂, K ₁ and O ₁ averaged along the ferryboat track is 1:0.45:0.59:0.51. The major axis directions of tidal current ellipses are generally SW to NE, exceptionally in the vicinity of the Tsushima Islands. Approaching the Tsushima Islands from the Korean Peninsula side, the major axis gradually rotates clockwise. At the western channel, the M ₂ and K ₁ constituents change the rotation direction of current vectors from clockwise to counterclockwise at about 90–130 m depth. The contributions of the tidal currents to the mean kinetic energy and the mean eddy kinetic energy along the ferryboat track are, on average, 0.56 and 0.71, respectively. This suggests that tidal current activities are generally more dominant than the mean current activities and much more dominant than eddy activities. The only region where the eddy activities are comparable to the tidal current activities is located on the east side of the Tsushima Islands. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

LAI and chlorophyll estimation for a heterogeneous grassland using hyperspectral measurements   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

Roshanak Darvishzadeh  Andrew Skidmore  Martin Schlerf  Clement Atzberger  Fabio Corsi  Moses Cho 《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2008,63(4):409-426

The study shows that leaf area index (LAI), leaf chlorophyll content (LCC) and canopy chlorophyll content (CCC) can be mapped in a heterogeneous Mediterranean grassland from canopy spectral reflectance measurements. Canopy spectral measurements were made in the field using a GER 3700 spectroradiometer, along with concomitant in situ measurements of LAI and LCC. We tested the utility of univariate techniques involving narrow band vegetation indices and the red edge inflection point, as well as multivariate calibration techniques, including stepwise multiple linear regression and partial least squares regression. Among the various investigated models, CCC was estimated with the highest accuracy (, ). All methods failed to estimate LCC (), while LAI was estimated with intermediate accuracy ( values ranged from 0.49 to 0.69). Compared with narrow band indices and red edge inflection point, stepwise multiple linear regression generally improved the estimation of LAI. The estimations were further improved when partial least squares regression was used. When a subset of wavelengths was analyzed, it was found that partial least squares regression had reduced the error in the retrieved parameters. The results of the study highlight the significance of multivariate techniques, such as partial least squares regression, rather than univariate methods such as vegetation indices in estimating heterogeneous grass canopy characteristics.  相似文献   

Anthropogenic footprint of climate change in the June 2013 northern India flood     

Changrae Cho  Rong Li  S.-Y. Wang  Jin-Ho Yoon  Robert R. Gillies 《Climate Dynamics》2016,46(3-4):797-805

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An experimental investigation of heulandite-laumontite equilibrium at 1000 to 2000 bar P fluid     

M. Cho  S. Maruyama  J. G. Liou 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1987,97(1):43-50

The univariant reaction governing the upper stability of heulandite (CaAl₂Si₇O₁₈·6H₂O), heulandite=laumontite+3 quartz+2H₂O (1), has been bracketed through reversal experiments at: 155±6° C, 1000 bar; 175±6° C, 1500 bar; and 180±8° C, 2000 bar. Reversals were established by determining the growth of one assemblage at the expense of the other, using both XRD and SEM studies. The standard molal entropy of heulandite is estimated to be 783.7±16 J mol^–1 K^–1 from the experimental brackets. Predicted standard molal Gibbs free energy and enthalpy of formation of heulandite are –9722.3±6.3 kJ mol^–1 and –10524.3±9.6 kJ mol^–1, respectively. The reaction (1), together with the reaction, stilbite=laumontite+3 quartz+3 H₂O, defines an invariant point at which a third reaction, stilbite=heulandite+ H₂O, meets. By combining the present experimental data with past work, this invariant point is located at approximately 600 bar and 140° C. Heulandite, which is stable between the stability fields of stilbite and laumontite, can occur only at pressures higher than that of the invariant point, for = P _total.These results are consistent with natural parageneses in low-grade metamorphic rocks recrystallized in equilibrium with an aqueous phase in which is very close to unity.  相似文献   

Cumulus cloud population and its parameterization     

Han-Ru Cho 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1975,113(1):837-849

The latent heat released by cumulus clouds is very important to the energies of many large-scale tropical disturbances. The number of cumulus clouds involved in these disturbances is usually very large. The collective effects of cumulus clouds must therefore be incorporated into a large-scale model in a parameterized fashion. Present parameterization schemes are briefly reviewed. Recent advances in our understanding of the control and feedback processes between cumulus clouds and the large-scale circulations are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the implications of the results of recent diagnostic studies on the future development of the theory of cumulus parameterization.  相似文献   

大气层结和中尺度位温扰动对锋区多重垂直运动带形成的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

吕克利  H. R. Cho 《气象学报》1991,49(3):278-287

文中利用半地转锋生模式讨论了大气层结,天气尺度位温场和中尺度位温扰动对锋区多重垂直运动带形成的影响,给出了垂直运动场的演变图。结果显示,大气层结和中尺度位温扰动对锋区垂直运动带的形成有重要影响,在合适的大气层结下,垂直伸展较高的低空中尺度位温扰动是形成锋前暖区多重雨带的可能驱动机制之一;不同高度上的中尺度位温扰动以低层扰动影响最大,中层次之;天气尺度位温扰动场的水平温差对锋生速度和锋区垂直运动带都有重要影响;中尺度位温扰动对锋生速度没有什么作用。  相似文献   

Developing A National Groundwater-Monitoring Network In Korea   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

N.J. Kim  M.J. Cho  N.C. Woo 《Hydrogeology Journal》1995,3(4):89-94

Since the 1960's, the groundwater resources of Korea have been developed without a proper regulatory system for monitoring and preservation, resulting in significant source depletion, land subsidence, water contamination, and sea-water intrusion. With the activation of the "Groundwater Law" in June 1994, the government initiated a project to develop a groundwater-monitoring network to describe general groundwater quality, to define its long-term changes, and to identify major factors affecting changes in groundwater quality and yield. In selecting monitoring locations nationwide, criteria considered are 1) spatial distribution, 2) aquifer characteristics of hydrogeologic units, 3) local groundwater flow regime, 4) linkage with surface hydrology observations, 5) site accessibility, and 6) financial situations. A total of 310 sites in 78 small hydrologic basins were selected to compose the monitoring network. Installation of monitoring wells is scheduled to start in 1995 for 15 sites; the remainder are scheduled to be completed by 2001. At each site, a nest of monitoring wells was designed; shallow and deep groundwater will be monitored for water temperature, pH, EC, DO and TDS every month. Water-level fluctuations will also be measured by automatic recorders equipped with pressure transducers. As a next step, the government plans to develop a groundwater-database management system, which could be linked with surface hydrologic data. RÉSUMÉ: Depuis les années 60, les ressources en eaux souterraines de la Corée ont été mises en valeur sans dispositif réglementaire adapté de surveillance et de protection, ce qui a provoqué la diminution significative des apports, la subsidence des sols, la contamination de l'eau et l'intrusion d'eau marine. Avec la mise en vigueur de la "Loi sur les Eaux Souterraines", en juin 1994, le gouvernement a lancé un programme de réalisation d'un réseau de surveillance des eaux souterraines afin de décrire la qualité générale des eaux souterraines, de définir les variations à long terme et d'identifier les principaux facteurs responsables des variations de la qualité et du débit des eaux souterraines. Pour sélectionner les sites de contrôle à l'échelle du pays, les critères retenus sont les suivants: 1) la répartition spatiale, 2) les caractères aquifères des unités hydrologiques, 3) le régime local des écoulements souterrains, 4) le lien avec les observations faites en hydrologie de surface, 5) l'accessibilité des sites et 6) le réseau de surveillance. La mise en place de piézomètres de contrôle a été programmé pour le début de 1995, sur 15 sites; le reste est prévu d'ici à 2001. Sur chaque site, un groupe de piézomètres de contrôle a été prévu; la température, le pH, la conductivité électrique et la minéralisation des eaux souterraines superficielles et profondes seront mesurés chaque mois. Les variations du niveau piézométrique seront aussi mesurées au moyen de capteurs de pression reliés à des chaînes d'acquisition. Dans une étape ultérieure, le gouvernement prévoit de créer un système de gestion d'une banque de données sur les eaux souterraines, qui seront reliées aux données sur les eaux de surface. RESUMEN: Desde los años 60, los recursos de agua subterránea en Corea han sido desarrollados sin un sistema de regulación adecuado de control y conservación. Esto ha resultado en una disminución de los recursos, problemas de subsidencia, contaminación de aguas e intrusión marina. Con la activación de la "Ley de Aguas Subterráneas" en junio de 1994, el gobierno inició un proyecto para la instalación de una red de control de agua subterráneas con el objeto de establecer su calidad, definir sus variaciones a largo plazo e identificar los factores principales que afectan tanto su calidad como el suministro. Los criterios para seleccionar los puntos de control en todo el país fueron: 1) su distribución espacial, 2) las características de las unidades hidrogeológicas, 3) el régimen de flujo local, 4) su relación con el comportamiento observado de las aguas superficiales, 5) su accesibilidad, y 6) criterios económicos. Se seleccionaron un total de 310 lugares, situados en 78 pequeñas cuencas hidrológicas, para formar la red de control. La instalación de los pozos de control está previsto que empiece en 1995 para 15 puntos; el resto se deberá completar hacia el año 2001. En cada localización seleccionada se ha previsto un conjunto de pozos con el objetivo de tomar medidas, tanto en aguas subsuperficiales como profundas, de temperatura del agua, pH, CE, DO y TSD, mensualmente. Las oscilaciones de niveles del agua también se medirán, mediante registros automáticos conectados a transductores de presión. Como paso siguiente, el gobierno tiene previsto desarrollar un sistema de gestión de bases de datos hidrogeológicas, que pudiera conectarse con los datos de hidrología superficial.  相似文献   

Centrifuge modeling of seismic response of normally consolidated deep silt deposit     

Jin-Tae Han  Taesik Kim  Wanjei Cho 《Acta Geotechnica》2016,11(1):71-81

Observations from recent earthquakes in Taiwan and Turkey have shown that current methodology to determine the liquefaction susceptibility of fine-grained soils is no longer sufficient to quantify seismic hazard, and that low plasticity fine-grained soils such as silts could also cause adverse effects on the performance of civil infrastructures. It is very important to understand the dynamic behavior of silt deposit because most of coastal areas, where there are many ongoing construction activities, consist mainly of silts, which might be vulnerable to earthquake loadings. This paper presents the experimental results of centrifuge tests on reconstituted specimen to investigate the dynamic response of normally consolidated deep silt deposit in Seattle area. The experimental sequence and preparation of the artificial silt deposit are described in detail. The recorded downhole accelerations are utilized to identify variation of shear modulus and damping ratio with shear strain amplitude via inverse analysis techniques applied to dense instrumentation arrays in a dynamic centrifuge model test.  相似文献   

Analyses on variations in the unsaturated characteristics of a mine waste-dump slope during rainfall   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Young-Suk Song  Yong-Chan Cho  Seongwon Hong 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(14):1106

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