Urban-suburban/rural vapour pressure and relative humidity differences at fixed hours over the area of Belgrade city     

M. Unkašević  O. Jovanović  T. Popović 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2001,68(1-2):67-73

Summary  In the study, urban-suburban/rural vapour pressure and relative humidity differences at fixed hours in the Belgrade area were analysed and compared. The data from one urban, two suburban and one rural stations (0700, 1400 and 2100 hours LTC), for the period 1976–1980 were used. It has been found, on the basis of the vapour pressure differences that the atmosphere in urban areas is more humid than that in the suburban and rural areas at 0700 and 2100 hours, in the period from September to February, while from February to September the urban atmosphere is drier. At 1400 hours, urban atmosphere is drier throughout the year. However, relative humidity differences indicate that urban air is less humid than the air in suburban and rural areas throughout the year. Relationships between urban-suburban/rural vapour pressure differences and heat island intensity revealed that the local effects could be significant. Received December 23, 1999 Revised September 27, 2000  相似文献   

Downdraft effects in a shallow convection adjustment     

Ivana Nemešová 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1991,35(3):244-249

Summary The paper deals with the role of penetrative downdrafts in the convective adjustment suggested by Betts[1]. Three different types of downdraft sinking levels are used in the assessment of the reference profiles of temperature and humidity in cumulus cloud layers and these are compared with the profiles with no downdraft. It is shown that the depths of downdraft penetration may significantly influence the reference profiles mainly for clouds of vertical extents larger than one kilometre.  相似文献   

Improvement of the accuracy of national coordinate systems using global systems     

Miloš Cimbálník 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1991,35(3):133-144

Summary Short history of the National Geodetic Reference System (NGRS), Common Network of the Socialist Countries (CNSC/42/58, Czech S-42), CNSC/42/83 (S-42/83) — result of the second adjustment of the CNSC in Moscow 1983; the state and accuracy of the existing horizontal control.Low accuracy of national coordinate systems, especially the scale. Conform transformation of the global system into the national and calculation of corrections (dx,dy) by quadratic, cubic or biquadratic transformation under condition of minimum differences between the national and new system. Adjustment of length and direction corrections, numerical example.The proposed method indicates the possibility of improving national coordinate systems on a permanent basis with the aid of improved and, therefore, changing global systems.  相似文献   

Long-term variations in geomagnetic and solar activities and secular variations of the geomagnetic field components     

Jaroslav Střeštík 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1991,35(1):1-6

Summary After the removal of the eleven-year periodicity, long-term patterns of the aa indices of geomagnetic activity and of Wolf's sunspot numbers are defined. The positions of maxima and minima exhibit the same regularities as the secular variations of the geomagnetic filed components. This result is associated with the motion of the Sun round the barycentre of the solar system.Presented at symposium Planet 88, Tihany, September 1988.  相似文献   

Improved indirect phase reflection height measurements at Panská ves - first results     

Vladimír Fišer  Jan Laštovička 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1992,36(4):358-369

Summary Indirect phase reflection height measurements have been performed at the Panská Ves Observatory, Czechoslovakia, on two frequencies of 162 (earlier 164) and 153 kHz (earlier 155) for 30 years. However, they were used only for solar flare effect (SFA) monitoring. After introducing new measuring equipment in 1985, the quality of the 162 kHz records became sufficient to apply the indirect phase height analysis (IPHA) method in full. The method itself, the measuring equipment, and the method of evaluation are described in [1]. The purpose of this paper is to describe the first results and to verify the reliability of the 162 kHz IPHA data. The IPHA method as applied to the 162 kHz measurements made at Panská Ves, allows ionospheric and neutral atmospheric parameters to be studied simultaneously and appears to provide reliable and good quality data. The expected seasonal variation and response to sudden stratospheric warmings are observed. The use of the 162 kHz IPHA data in the international MAC/SINE and DYANA campaigns and for monitoring pressure variability at 80 km are briefly described.  相似文献   

Electrical conductance of sediments overlying the basement of the Czech Republic     

Oldřich Praus  Marta Tobyášová 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1992,36(2):161-167

Summary The data of borehole resistivity logs were collected, analysed, classified and a contour map of electrical conductance of the sedimentary complex overlying the crystalline basement of the Czech Republic was computer-generated. The map contributes to estimating the distortion fields produced by conductance variations in the surface layer. Information on the basement relief is also obtained from the contour map patterns.  相似文献   

Gravity potential of the normal body in the outer and inner space     

Miloš Pick  Reviewer M. Burša 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1978,22(1):23-37

Summary The level rotational ellipsoid, best fitting the actual Earth, rotating with the same angular velocity around a common axis of rotation, is assumed to be a mathematical model of the real Earth. The gravity potential of this body and its derivatives in the outer space are derived by means of the generalized Pizzetti method[1]. For some analyses of the structure of the Earth we need to know the gravity anomaly and thus the gravity potential and its derivatives inside the mathematical model. These values are not defined in the classical conception. In this paper, the normal potential and its derivatives in the inner space are derived up to a certain depth, which is still of significance for gravimetric research.Dedicated to RNDr Jan Pícha, CSc., on his 60th Birthday  相似文献   

On the solution of the boundary problem of the potential theory by means of the vertical derivative of the gravity anomaly     

Petr Velkoborský  Reviewer M. Burša 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1978,22(1):38-44

Summary The boundary problem of the potential theory is treated for the case in which the values of the vertical derivative of the gravity anomaly are known. There boundary conditions are derived and alternatives are also treated.Dedicated to RNDr. Jan Pícha, CSc., on his 60th Birthday  相似文献   

Investigation of the damping of geomagneticPi2 pulsations using generalized spectral analysis     

Jaroslav Střeštík  Reviewer M. Hvoždara 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1978,22(2):154-159

Summary The method of spectral analysis has been modified to render the spectrum not only a function of frequency, but also of damping. The generalized spectra of damped geomagnetic pulsations, recorded at the observatories of Budkov and Dymer, are computed. The degree of damping of these pulsations in the X and Y-components at both stations is determined. The results are compared with results obtained using other methods.  相似文献   

Effect of the anomalous part of the atmosphere on the observed acceleration of gravity     

Karel Diviš  Jiří Trešl  Jan Kostelecký  Reviewer M. Pick 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1981,25(4):321-331

Summary With the aid of a simplified model, the gravitational effect of the anomalous part of the atmosphere was analysed theoretically and formulae were derived for numerical computation. It was found that under extreme meteorological conditions this effect is of the same order as the present accuracy of absolute gravity observations, i.e. ±100–150 nm s^–2. It is, therefore, recommended to reduce these observations to some model of the normal atmosphere by introducing computational corrections.  相似文献