近30年西藏地区雷暴变化特征   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

任景轩  朱克云  张杰  假拉  万文龙 《气象科技》2011,39(3):289-294

利用西藏地区38个观测站点1979-2008年雷暴资料,采用旋转EOF分析、合成分析、小波分析及趋势分析等统计方法对西藏地区雷暴的时空变化规律进行了研究.结果表明:两藏地区以午后短时热力性雷暴为主,雷暴平均总次数存在准15年的周期变化,年雷暴平均总次数呈逐年减少趋势,2000年以后这种趋势更为明显.雷暴持续期变短,但也...  相似文献   

Discriminating the long distance dispersal of fine ash from sustained columns or near ground ash clouds: The example of the Pomici di Avellino eruption (Somma-Vesuvius,Italy)     

Roberto Sulpizio  Rosanna Bonasia  Pierfrancesco Dellino  Mauro A. Di Vito  Luigi La Volpe  Daniela Mele  Giovanni Zanchetta  Laura Sadori 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2008

Ash samples from tephra layers correlated with the Pomici di Avellino (Avellino Pumice) eruption of Somma-Vesuvius were collected in distal archives and their composition and particle morphology investigated in order to infer their behaviour of transportation and deposition. Differences in composition and particle morphologies were recognised for ash particles belonging to the magmatic Plinian and final phreatomagmatic phases of the eruption. The ash particles were dispersed in opposite directions during the two different phases of the eruption, and these directions are also different from that of coarse-grained fallout deposits. In particular, ash generated during magmatic phase and injected in the atmosphere to form a sustained column shows a prevailing SE dispersion, while ash particles generated during the final phreatomagmatic phase and carried by pyroclastic density currents show a general NW dispersion. These opposite dispersions indicate an ash dispersal influenced by both high and low atmosphere dynamics. In particular, the magmatic ash dispersal was first driven by stratospheric wind towards NE and then the falling particles encountered a variable wind field during their settling, which produced the observed preferential SE dispersal. The wind field encountered by the rising ash clouds that accompanied the pyroclastic density currents of the final phreatomagmatic phase was different with respect to that encountered by the magmatic ash, and produced a NW dispersal. These data demonstrate how ash transportation and deposition are greatly influenced by both high and low atmosphere dynamics. In particular, fine-grained particles transported in ash clouds of small-scale pyroclastic density currents may be dispersed over distances and cover areas comparable with those injected into the stratosphere by Plinian, sustained columns. This is a point not completely addressed by present day mitigation plans in case of renewal of activity at Somma-Vesuvius, and can yield important information also for other volcanoes potentially characterised by explosive activity.  相似文献   

首都圈地区现今地壳垂直形变特征   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

韩月萍  杨国华  董运宏  塔拉 《华北地震科学》2009,27(1):13-16

利用首都圈地区1998、2001、2005、2007年151期精密水准复测资料,分析该区近十年来地壳垂直形变状态与动态特征。结果表明,形变场以继承性运动为主,即山区上升、盆地及平原下降。值得注意的是首都圈西部地区等值线分布密集有序,有些象限图形特征,东西升,南北降,其最大差值为10mm／a,可能预示该区应力场处于逐步积累及有所加强的势态,虽然异常形变数值及所涉面积均较小,但仍需跟踪关注。  相似文献   

三峡库区奉节县宝塔坪小区大型复杂滑坡特征及成因机制   总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11  

张加桂 《地质论评》2000,46(4):431-436

奉节县新城宝塔坪小区的地质灾害问题是当前学术界关注的焦点,也是库区具有普遍性问题。本文首次提出,在小区发育有５个复杂结构的滑坡。滑坡具３种成因：（１）碎裂－溶蚀－杏黄色泥质条带发育－滑坡;（２）碎裂－溶蚀－Ｔ２ｂ＾２粉砂质泥岩顶层泥化－滑坡;（３）Ｔ２ｂ＾４泥岩溶蚀－滑坡。岩溶蚀作用为主导作用。断裂的发育为溶蚀作用提供了通道。  相似文献   

Star formation properties of Universidad Complutense de Madrid survey galaxies     

A. Gil de Paz  A. Aragón-Salamanca  J. Gallego  A. Alonso-Herrero  J. Zamorano  G. Kauffmann 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2000,316(2):357-373

We present new near-infrared J and K imaging data for 67 galaxies from the Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) survey used in the determination of the SFR density of the local Universe by Gallego et al. This is a sample of local star-forming galaxies with redshift lower than 0.045, and they constitute a representative subsample of the galaxies in the complete UCM survey. From the new data, complemented with our own Gunn- r images and long-slit optical spectroscopy, we have measured integrated K -band luminosities, r − J and J − K colours, and H α luminosities and equivalent widths. Using a maximum likelihood estimator and a complete set of evolutionary synthesis models, these observations allow us to estimate the strength of the current (or most recent) burst of star formation, its age, the star formation rate and the total stellar mass of the galaxies. An average galaxy in the sample has a stellar mass of 5×10¹⁰ M_⊙ and is undergoing (or has recently completed) a burst of star formation involving about 2 per cent of its total stellar mass. We identify two separate classes of star-forming galaxies in the UCM sample: low-luminosity, high-excitation galaxies (H  ii like ) and relatively luminous spiral galaxies (starburst disc- like ). The former show higher specific star formation rates (SFRs per unit mass) and burst strengths, and lower stellar masses than the latter. With regard to their specific star formation rates, the UCM galaxies are intermediate objects between normal quiescent spirals and the most extreme H  ii galaxies.  相似文献   

On The Dynamics Of Dust Grains In A Hierarchical Environment     

De La Fuente Marcos  C.  De La Fuente Marcos  R. 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》2000,88(2):89-113

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A densification mechanism to model the mechanical effect of methane hydrates in sandy sediments     

Maria De La Fuente  Jean Vaunat  Héctor Marín-Moreno 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2020,44(6):782-802

Recent pore-scale observations and geomechanical investigations suggest the lack of true cohesion in methane hydrate-bearing sediments (MHBSs) and propose that their mechanical behavior is governed by kinematic constrictions at pore-scale. This paper presents a constitutive model for MHBS, which does not rely on physical bonding between hydrate crystals and sediment grains but on the densification effect that pore invasion with hydrate has on the sediment mechanical properties. The Hydrate-CASM extends the critical state model Clay and Sand Model (CASM) by implementing the subloading surface model and introducing the densification mechanism. The model suggests that the decrease of the sediment available void volume during hydrate formation stiffens its structure and has a similar mechanical effect as the increase of sediment density. In particular, the model attributes stress-strain changes observed in MHBS to the variations in sediment available void volume with hydrate saturation and its consequent effect on isotropic yield stress and swelling line slope. The model performance is examined against published experimental data from drained triaxial tests performed at different confining stress and with distinct hydrate saturation and morphology. Overall, the simulations capture the influence of hydrate saturation in both the magnitude and trend of the stiffness, shear strength, and volumetric response of synthetic MHBS. The results are validated against those obtained from previous mechanical models for MHBS that examine the same experimental data. The Hydrate-CASM performs similarly to previous models, but its formulation only requires one hydrate-related empirical parameter to express changes in the sediment elastic stiffness with hydrate saturation.  相似文献   

The Cathedral of S. Giorgio in Ragusa Ibla (Italy): characterization of construction materials and their chromatic alteration     

Germana Barone  Mauro Francesco La Russa  Antonino Lo Giudice  Paolo Mazzoleni  Antonino Pezzino 《Environmental Geology》2008,55(3):499-504

The Cathedral of St. Giorgio in Ragusa Ibla (Sicily) is one of the most important Baroque monuments of eastern Sicily. The restoration of the monument underway has put forward notable questions regarding the stone materials used and their state of degradation. The façade appears to be made mainly of a creamy white calcarenite, and of mortars and plasters. However, detailed analysis has highlighted a more complex use of the raw material. The mortar and plaster have a different composition in regards to their architectural use while the natural stone material is distinguished not only by a creamy-white calcarenite but also by a dark coloured bituminous calcarenite (pitch rock), which now appears whiter because of superficial chromatic alterations. This process was reproduced in the laboratory using an accelerated aging technique on samples of bituminous calcarenite, which allowed the cause of the alternation to be identified as photo-oxidation of the asphaltenes. Following this process of photo-oxidation, other forms of chromatic alterations affected the façade (brown–orange-coloured patinas). FTIR, Scanning Electron Microscope and thin section microscopic observation allowed the characterization of also the products of this process to be carried out, highlighting the complex mechanism which the processes underwent.  相似文献   

非均匀下垫面局地气候效应的数值模拟   总被引：18，自引：24，他引：18  

高艳红  吕世华 《高原气象》2001,20(4):354-361

使用美国NCAR非静力平衡模式MM 5V3,模拟了黑河地区非均匀下垫面局地小气候效应 ,再现了山谷风环流及夏季“绿洲效应”、沙漠上的“逆湿”和由于地表热力分布不均匀引起的绿洲—沙漠垂直环流等绿洲—沙漠相互作用的典型特征 ,较全面地揭示了非均匀地表大气边界层内的风、温、湿度场与陆面相互作用的物理机理 ,验证了野外实验的结果  相似文献   

西藏高原夏季降水对ENSO的响应   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

周顺武  假拉等 《南京气象学院学报》2001,24(4):570-575

通过合成分析指出包括雅藏布江中西段在内的西藏高原中西部地区夏季（6－8月）降水在ENSO的不同位相期间存在着显著的差异。利用交叉谱和奇异值分解等方法，分析了高原夏季降水场与太平洋海温场在时间和空间上的联系，结果表明，ENSO的暖（冷）位相期，高原大部分地区夏季降水以偏少（多）为主。  相似文献