Warped temperature profiles observed in the sediment of geothermally active areas in the Japan Sea— A hypothesis of double diffusive sinking     

Masashi Yasui  Makoto Yamano  Masataka Kinoshita 《Progress in Oceanography》1988,21(3-4)

Some temperature profiles observed in sea floor sediments of the Japan Sea, west of the northern part of Honshu, show distinct gradients changing with depth, for which we use the term warping. Using a simplified model, this warping can be attributed to an abrupt temperature change in the bottom water just above the sediment. The bottom water temperature change might be explained by the hypothesis that warm and salt surface water in the region sank to the sea bottom, through colder and less saline water, maintaining a relatively warmer temperature than the bottom water which originates from ordinary lateral intrusion.  相似文献   

三丁基氧化锡(TBTO)对太平洋牡蛎性成熟的影响     

李琪  尾定诚  森胜义  王如才 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2001,31(5):701-706

利用流水饲养法研究了不同浓度的三丁基氧化锡 (0 .5 μg/ L和 1.0 μg/ L TBTO)对太平洋牡蛎卵巢中卵母细胞直径、RNA/ DNA比、蛋白质和卵黄蛋白含量的影响。卵母细胞径的增长在0 .5 μg/ L实验组受到阻碍 ,并随着 TBTO浓度的增大而更加明显。TBTO暴露组的 RNA/ DNA比在精巢中无明显变化 ,但在卵巢中显著低于对照组。 TBTO暴露组的卵巢中蛋白质和卵黄蛋白含量显示了与 RNA/ DNA比相同的变化趋势 ,表明 TBTO的积累阻碍卵黄蛋白的合成。TBTO暴露4 2 d采集的牡蛎样品中出现 3个雌雄同体 ,暗示 TBTO可能引起牡蛎发生性转变进而产生雌雄同体  相似文献   

A New Empirical Formula for the Aerodynamic Roughness of Water Surface Waves     

Koji Ueno  Makoto Deushi 《Journal of Oceanography》2003,59(6):819-831

A new empirical formula for the aerodynamic roughness of water surface waves has been derived from laboratory experimental results using dimensional analysis. The formula has different forms according to wind speed: at moderate wind speeds the formula is a function of the friction velocity of wind, the surface tension, the water density, the kinematic viscosity of water and the acceleration of gravity; at strong winds the formula is expressed by the Charnock relation. The aerodynamic roughness does not depend on such wave state parameters as the spectral peak frequency or the steepness of waves, unlike almost all parameterizations that have been proposed to date. The drag coefficient at moderate winds depends on the surface tension of water and the water temperature through the temperature dependence of the kinematic viscosity of water.  相似文献   

Opaque Minerals in LL3.0-6 Chondrites I: Mineralogy of Ti-oxides and ~(53)Mn-~(53)Cr Systematics of Ilmenite     

KIMURA Makoto  SUGIURA Naoji  NAKAJIMA Harun  Michael K.WEISBERG 《《地质学报》英文版》2004,78(5):1082-1089

We conducted a systematic study of oxide minerals in LL3.0-6 chondrites, and found ilmenite, rutile, perovskite and an unknown Al-Ti-Zr-oxide. Ilmenite is low in abundance, but is present in the chondrules and matrix of all the samples that we studied. The MnO content of ilmenite in LL3.0-3.3 is lower than that in LL3.5-6. The low concentration of MnO in the former is due to crystallization from chondrules melts at high temperatures. On the other hand, ilmenite composition in LL3.5-6 reflects thermal metamorphism. Therefore, ilmenite is indicative of petrologic type. We also made the first measurements of the 53Mn-53Cr systematics of ilmenite in ordinary chondrites. The age for ilmenite in Y790256 (LL6) is determined to be about 2 Ma older than angrites. This may represent the metamorphic age of the LL chondrites.  相似文献   

网式大地电磁阻抗张量及其影响因素分析          下载免费PDF全文

陈小斌  赵国泽  汤吉  Makoto Uyeshima  Hisashi Utada 《地球物理学报》2008,51(1):273-279

网式大地电磁（Network-MT,N-MT）法采用长数公里至数十公里的电话线为电极线测量电场,很难形成两条笔直且相互垂直的电极线,因此阻抗张量的计算不如大地电磁法中直接.本文依据阻抗张量的旋转规则提出了一种计算N-MT阻抗张量的简便算法.依据该算法计算了中国东北地区5个N-MT测站的阻抗张量,获得了基于阻抗张量的视电阻率、相位曲线和最佳主轴方位角分布图像,为我国东北N-MT资料的进一步处理和解释提供了基础性数据.此外,本文对比分析了朝阳测站中6条N-MT观测电极线上阻抗张量旋转值与观测值之间的差异,重点讨论了产生这种系统性偏差的各种因素,提出其主要因素可能来自“电场等效各向异性”效应,即测站附近的地壳内部存在与观测电极线尺度相比拟的横向非均匀构造,而测站各电极线沿不同方向跨越不均匀构造,此时各电极线上的电场分量不遵循同一电场矢量的分解准则,导致地表观测三角形内阻抗分量不满足统一的阻抗张量旋转规则.  相似文献   

Groundwater dynamics of Fongafale Islet, Funafuti Atoll, Tuvalu     

Nakada S  Umezawa Y  Taniguchi M  Yamano H 《Ground water》2012,50(4):639-644

Geoelectric and hydrologic surveys during spring tides revealed the spatiotemporal distribution of groundwater quality produced by tidal forcing in Fongafale Islet, Funafuti Atoll, Tuvalu. The observed low resistivity showed that saline water largely immersed the surficial Holocene aquifer, indicating that there is no thick freshwater lens in Fongafale Islet, unlike in other atoll islands of comparable size. Half of the islet was constructed by reclaiming the original swamp with porous, highly permeable coral blocks; this reclaimed area should not be considered as part of the islet width for calculation of the expected thickness of the freshwater lens. The degree of aquifer salinization depends on the topographic characteristics and the hydrologic controls on the inland propagation of the tidal forcing. Large changes in bulk resistivity and the electrical conductivity of groundwater from wells indicate that periodic salinization in phase with the semidiurnal tides was occurring widely, especially in areas at lower elevation than the high-tide level and in reclaimed areas with high permeability. Thin sheets of nearly fresh and brackish water were observed in the surficial aquifer in areas above the high-tide level and in taro swamps, respectively. The thinness of the brackish and freshwater sheets suggests that the taro swamps and the fresh groundwater resources of the islet are highly vulnerable to salinization from anticipated sea-level rise. An understanding of the inherent geologic and topographic features of an atoll is necessary to evaluate the groundwater resources of the atoll and assess the vulnerability of its water resources to climate change.  相似文献   

Meteor Orbit Determinations with Multistatic Receivers Using the MU Radar     

Yasunori Fujiwara  Yoshiyuki Hamaguchi  Takuji Nakamura  Masaki Tsutsumi  Makoto Abo 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》2008,102(1-4):309-314

The MU radar of RISH (Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University), which is a MST radar (46.5 MHz, 1 MW peak power), has been successfully applied to meteor studies by using its very high versatility. The system has recently renewed with 25 channel digital receivers which significantly improved the sensitivity and precision of interferometer used in meteor observation. The transmission is now synchronized to GPS signals, and two external receiving sites with a ranging capability has additionally been operated in order to determine the trajectories and speeds of meteoroids.  相似文献   

Temporal and spatial variation of infilling processes in a landslide scar in a steep mountainous region,Japan          下载免费PDF全文

Fumitoshi Imaizumi  Roy C. Sidle  Asako Togari‐Ohta  Makoto Shimamura 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2015,40(5):642-653

The duration of the soil‐depth recovery needed for reoccurrence of shallow colluvial landslides at a given site in humid regions is much longer than the return period of rainfall needed to generate sufficient pore water pressure to initiate a landslide. Knowledge of the rate of change in soil depth in landslide scars is therefore necessary to evaluate return intervals of landslides. Spatial variation in sediment transport at the Kumanodaira landslide scar in central Japan was investigated by field observations. Spatial distribution of the rate of change in soil depth was estimated using sediment transport data and geographic information system (GIS) analysis. Observations revealed that the timing of sediment transport differed for shallow and deep soil layers. Near‐surface sediment transport (mostly dry ravel and some shallow soil creep at depths ≤0·05 m) measured in sediment traps was active in winter and early spring and was affected by freezing–thawing; soil creep of subsoil (i.e. >0·05 m), monitored by strain probes, was active in summer and autumn when precipitation was abundant. Near‐surface sediment flux was estimated by a power law function of slope gradient. Deeper soil creep was more affected by relative location to the landslide scar, which influences soil depth, than by slope gradient. Our study indicated that the rate of soil‐depth recovery is high just below the head scarp of the landslide. Abrupt changes in the longitudinal slope topography immediately above, within and just below the head scarp became smoother with time due to degradation proximate to the landslide head scarp and flanks, as well as aggradation just below the head scarp. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Variations in stress and driving pore fluid pressure ratio using vein orientations along megasplay faults : Example from the Nobeoka Thrust,Southwest Japan          下载免费PDF全文

Makoto Otsubo  Ayumu Miyakawa  Ryoji Kawasaki  Katsushi Sato  Asuka Yamaguchi  Gaku Kimura 《Island Arc》2016,25(6):421-432

The Nobeoka Thrust of Southwest Japan is an on‐land example of an ancient megasplay fault that provides an excellent record of deformation and fluid flow at seismogenic depths. The present study reports: (i) temporal stress changes for the seismogenic period of the Nobeoka Thrust; and (ii) spatial heterogeneities in driving pressure ratios P* obtained from mineral veins around the Nobeoka Thrust fault zone. Many quartz veins that filled mode I cracks can be observed in the hanging wall and footwall of the thrust. Inversion for stress orientation suggests that normal faulting dominated in both the hanging wall and footwall, with similar stress axis orientations in both. The orientation of σ₃ for the estimated stress regime is parallel to the slip direction of the Nobeoka Thrust. The detected normal‐faulting‐type stress regimes likely resulted from post‐seismic stress buildup after megathrust earthquakes. The hanging wall of the Nobeoka Thrust has smaller P* values than the footwall. Two possible explanations are proposed for the observed spatial variations in the driving pore fluid pressure ratio, P*: spatial variations in pore fluid pressure P_f are directly responsible for P* variations, or P* variations are controlled by differences in mechanical properties between the hanging wall and footwall.  相似文献   

Tectonics of an Early Carboniferous forearc inferred from a high-P/T schist-bearing conglomerate in the Nedamo Terrane, Northeast Japan     

Takayuki  Uchino  Makoto  Kawamura 《Island Arc》2010,19(1):177-191

The Nedamo Terrane, an Early Carboniferous accretionary complex, is the oldest biostratigraphically dated accretionary complex in Japan. The purpose of this study is to describe and interpret a conglomerate from the Nedamo Terrane that contains clasts of high-pressure/low-temperature (high- P/T ) schist (mainly garnet-bearing phengite schist) and ultramafic rock, and to infer the tectonics of an Early Carboniferous arc–trench system at the eastern margin of the paleo-Asian continent. Clasts of high- P/T schist and ultramafic rock within the conglomerate make up 8.4 and 6.7% of the total clasts, respectively, based on modal counts. These clasts are subangular to subrounded, whereas volcanic clasts are well rounded. The source of the schist clasts, which yield a radiometric age of 347–317 Ma, is considered to be the Renge Metamorphic Rocks of Southwest Japan or equivalent rocks. Based on the chemical composition of chromian spinel, the source of ultramafic clasts is inferred to be the island-arc-type Ordovician Miyamori and Hayachine ultramafic complexes in the Kitakami Massif. The conglomerate records multiple provenance regions, including an island arc (South Kitakami Terrane) and a forearc ridge; the high P/T schist and ultramafic rocks were exhumed in the forearc region. The duration of the interval from the early stages of exhumation of the schist to its deposition in the trench as clasts is estimated to have been less than 30 my.  相似文献