Über den Zusammenhang der interdiurnen Veränderlichkeit mit der Dispersion des Luftdruckes     

R. Mayer 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》1952,4(1):34-42

Zusammenfassung Ausgehend von einer Häufigkeitsverteilung der stündlichen Luftdruckschwankungen in der Gaußschen Form wird eine Verteilung für die täglichen Druckänderungen abgeleitet und der Zusammenhang mit der Häufigkeitsverteilung des Luftdruckes hergestellt. Dabei wird die Abhängigkeit des Mittelwertes der Druckschwankungen vom Barometerstand von Bedeutung. Eine solche empirische Ermittlung wurde für Wien in erster Näherung durchgeführt. Auf Grund des erwähnten Zusammenhanges kann die interdiurne Veränderlichkeit durch die Dispersion der Luftdruckhäufigkeitsverteilung ausgedrückt werden, was wiederum den beobachteten Parallelismus zwischen den Linien gleicher Dispersion und gleicher interdiurner Veränderlichkeit wiedergibt. Der errechnete Wert für die interdiurne Veränderlichkeit des Luftdruckes von Wien wird mit dem beobachteten verglichen.

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Summary Starting from a distribution of the hourly variations of atmospheric pressure according to Gauß a distribution for the daily variations is deduced and a connexion with the distribution of pressure is effected. With regard to these considerations the dependence of the mean value of the variations of pressure on the height of the barometer is important. In first approximation a statement of this mean value was made for Vienna. In consequence of the above mentioned connexion the mean value of the daily variations of pressure can be expressed by the dispersion of the distribution of pressure. Thus the observed parallelism between the isolines of the dispersion and those of the interdiurnal variability becomes understandable. The calculated and the observed value of the interdiurnal variability of pressu e at Vienna are compared with one another.

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Résumé Partant d'une distribution des fréquences des variations horaires de la pression atmosphérique selon la loi de Gauss, l'auteur en déduit une distribution des variations interdiurnes comparées à la distribution des fréquences de la pression elle-même. La valeur moyenne des variations de pression dépend de la hauteur barométrique. Vienne fait l'objet d'une telle recherche empirique en première approximation. Se fondant sur la relation mentionnée, on peut exprimer la variabilité interdiurne par la dispersion de la distribution des fréquences de la pression, ce qui met de nouveau en évidence le parallélisme observé entre les isolignes de la dispersion et celles de la variation interdiurne. On compare la valuer calculée de la variabilité interdiurne pour Vienne avec les valeurs observées.

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Mit 2 Textabbildungen.  相似文献   

Geomorphology,acoustic backscatter,and processes in Santa Monica Bay from multibeam mapping   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Gardner JV  Dartnell P  Mayer LA  Hughes Clarke JE 《Marine environmental research》2003,56(1-2):15-46

Santa Monica Bay was mapped in 1996 using a high-resolution multibeam system, providing the first substantial update of the submarine geomorphology since the initial compilation by Shepard and Emery [(1941) Geol. Soc. Amer. Spec. Paper 31]. The multibeam mapping generated not only high-resolution bathymetry, but also coregistered, calibrated acoustic backscatter at 95 kHz. The geomorphology has been subdivided into six provinces; shelf, marginal plateau, submarine canyon, basin slope, apron, and basin. The dimensions, gradients, and backscatter characteristics of each province is described and related to a combination of tectonics, climate, sea level, and sediment supply. Fluctuations of eustatic sea level have had a profound effect on the area; by periodically eroding the surface of Santa Monica plateau, extending the mouth of the Los Angeles River to various locations along the shelf break, and by connecting submarine canyons to rivers. A wetter glacial climate undoubtedly generated more sediment to the rivers that then transported the increased sediment load to the low-stand coastline and canyon heads. The trends of Santa Monica Canyon and several bathymetric highs suggest a complex tectonic stress field that has controlled the various segments. There is no geomorphic evidence to suggest Redondo Canyon is fault controlled. The San Pedro fault can be extended more than 30 km to the northwest by the alignment of a series of bathymetric highs and abrupt changes in direction of channel thalwegs.  相似文献   

3D visualization for pelagic fisheries research and assessment     

Mayer  Larry; Li  Yanchao; Melvin  Gary 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2002,59(1):216-225

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Enhanced Acoustic Backscatter Due to High Abundance of Sand Dollars, Dendraster excentricus     

Lori E. Fenstermacher  Gregory B. Crawford  Jeffry C. Borgeld  Tristan Britt  Douglas A. George  Meredith A. Klein  Neal W. Driscoll  Larry A. Mayer 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(2):135-145

Detailed acoustic surveys of benthic sediments were conducted in July 1995 and September 1998 in the vicinity of Humboldt Bay, California. During these surveys, a band of enhanced acoustic backscatter was observed offshore from the bay entrance, approximately parallel to the isobaths, in water depths ranging from 16-24 m. In order to assess the cause of the increase in backscatter levels, a more comprehensive study was conducted in August and September 1999 using 100 kHz side-scan sonar, bottom grab sampling and underwater video recording. New observations indicated that a dense population of sand dollars ( Dendraster excentricus ) coincided with the enhanced backscatter band. Compared to the two previous acoustic studies, the central section of the band expanded westward by 180 m and the southern section of the band shifted eastward by 160 m, possibly resulting from a change in the biological or physical factors which influence the location and breadth of sand dollars. The relationship between high sand dollar abundance and enhanced acoustic backscatter was further verified in the nearshore region off Samoa Beach California, where a dense, banded population of sand dollars was previously observed. Video footage confirmed the presence of a band of sand dollars, also nominally parallel to the isobaths, in water depths of 8-15 m. A band of enhanced backscatter coincided with the dense sand dollar population. The identification of dense aggregations of sand dollars through enhanced acoustic backscatter could lead to the use of acoustic techniques to study sand dollar distributions and abundance.  相似文献   

The morphology and tectonics of the Mark area from Sea Beam and Sea MARC I observations (Mid-Atlantic Ridge 23° N)     

Laura S. L. Kong  Robert S. Detrick  Paul J. Fox  Larry A. Mayer  W. B. F. Ryan 《Marine Geophysical Researches》1988,10(1-2):59-90

High-resolution Sea Beam bathymetry and Sea MARC I side scan sonar data have been obtained in the MARK area, a 100-km-long portion of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge rift valley south of the Kane Fracture Zone. These data reveal a surprisingly complex rift valley structure that is composed of two distinct spreading cells which overlap to create a small, zero-offset transform or discordant zone. The northern spreading cell consists of a magmatically robust, active ridge segment 40–50 km in length that extends from the eastern Kane ridge-transform intersection south to about 23°12′ N. The rift valley in this area is dominated by a large constructional volcanic ridge that creates 200–500 m of relief and is associated with high-temperature hydrothermal activity. The southern spreading cell is characterized by a NNE-trending band of small (50–200 m high), conical volcanos that are built upon relatively old, fissured and sediment-covered lavas, and which in some cases are themselves fissured and faulted. This cell appears to be in a predominantly extensional phase with only small, isolated eruptions. These two spreading cells overlap in an anomalous zone between 23°05′ N and 23°17′ N that lacks a well-developed rift valley or neovolcanic zone, and may represent a slow-spreading ridge analogue to the overlapping spreading centers found at the East Pacific Rise. Despite the complexity of the MARK area, volcanic and tectonic activity appears to be confined to the 10–17 km wide rift valley floor. Block faulting along near-vertical, small-offset normal faults, accompanied by minor amounts of back-tilting (generally less than 5°), begins within a few km of the ridge axis and is largely completed by the time the crust is transported up into the rift valley walls. Features that appear to be constructional volcanic ridges formed in the median valley are preserved largely intact in the rift mountains. Mass-wasting and gullying of scarp faces, and sedimentation which buries low-relief seafloor features, are the major geological processes occurring outside of the rift valley. The morphological and structural heterogeneity within the MARK rift valley and in the flanking rift mountains documented in this study are largely the product of two spreading cells that evolve independently to the interplay between extensional tectonism and episodic variations in magma production rates.  相似文献   

Identifying sources of stream water sulfate after a summer drought in the Sleepers River watershed (Vermont,USA) using hydrological,chemical, and isotopic techniques     

B. Mayer  J.B. Shanley  S.W. Bailey  M.J. Mitchell 《Applied Geochemistry》2010

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Fossil hunting in the Neolithic: Shells from the Taurus Mountains at Çatalhöyük,Turkey     

Daniella E. Bar‐Yosef Mayer  Burin Ak&#x;m Gümü  Yeim &#x;slamolu 《Geoarchaeology》2010,25(3):375-392

The Neolithic site of Çatalhöyük in Turkey contains thousands of mollusk shells, among them about 200 fossils. About 25 fossil gastropods and bivalvesoriginate in a Miocene fauna from the Mediterranean Tethys province, and are known from several localities in the Taurus Mountains, dating to the Miocene. The rest are scaphopods belonging to two species of Dentalium and dating to the Pliocene. The gastropods and bivalves were likely collected in the Karaman‐Mut Basin at adistance of about 50km from Çatalhöyük, while the scaphopods were brought from the Hatay Basin. Most of the fossil mollusks at the site were discovered in the upper phases, that is, late in the Pre‐Pottery Neolithic B sequence, and are associated with feasting activities. They may have been collected and brought to the site by the inhabitants as part of transhumance activities, or by visitors. © 2010Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  相似文献   

Solution of the MoMaS reactive transport benchmark with MIN3P—model formulation and simulation results     

K. Ulrich Mayer  Kerry T. B. MacQuarrie 《Computational Geosciences》2010,14(3):405-419

This paper summarizes the governing equations as implemented in the MIN3P multicomponent flow and reactive transport code (Mayer et al., Water Resour Res 38:1174, 2002) and introduces the equations in discretized form. Linearization and solution methods are presented including adaptive time stepping and update modification schemes. Code-specific details for the implementation of the GdR MoMaS benchmark simulations (Carrayrou et al., Comput Geosci, 2009) are presented. The standard version of the MIN3P code was used to solve the Easy, Medium, and Hard Test Cases, in one and two spatial dimensions, for both advection- and diffusion-dominated conditions. An analysis of the sensitivity of the solution in relation to spatial and temporal discretization parameters is provided for the Easy Test Case, selected results are presented for the Medium and Hard Test Cases, and the performance of the code as a function of discretization parameters is evaluated for all test cases.  相似文献   

Aggregation of colloidal iron during estuarine mixing: Kinetics,mechanism, and seasonality   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Lawrence M. Mayer 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1982,46(12):2527-2535

The colloid chemistry of iron and humic aggregation was studied in a series of laboratory experiments, which were related to seasonal aggregation extent data collected in a temperate estuary. Kinetically, the aggregation of iron occurs with a rapid initial reaction, finished within a few minutes, followed by an extensive, slow second reaction, which lasts for several hours. Organic carbon aggregation, however, occurs primarily in the first reaction. The first reaction is perikinetic while the second reaction is observed to be either perikinetic or orthokinetic, depending on the pore size of the filter used to clarify the suspension. The second reaction involves aggregation of small filtrable colloids (<0.5 μm) with larger aggregates formed in the first reaction, and follows pseudo-second order kinetics with respect to the filtrable iron concentration when finer filters (<0.5 μm) are used for clarification. Little or no temperature dependence is evident for the first reaction extent, while increasing temperature strongly enhances the second reaction. An activation energy of 9–11 kcal·mole^?1 for the second reaction is due to a combination of transport and charge repulsion terms. Field data show a correspondingly greater aggregation extent of iron with salinity in warmer months relative to colder months.  相似文献   

Beitrag zu den Parametern des vertikalen Windprofils in und über einem Fichtenwald     

Dr. H. Mayer 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》1978,25(4):383-395

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