Amphibole–melt trace element partitioning of fractionating calc-alkaline magmas in the lower crust: an experimental study     

Rohit H. Nandedkar  Niklaus Hürlimann  Peter Ulmer  Othmar Müntener 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2016,171(8-9):71

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SWAT.nz: New-Zeland-based “Sand Waves and Turbulence” experimental programme     

Stephen E. Coleman  Vladimir I. Nikora  Bruce W. Melville  Derek G. Goring  Thomas M. Dougal Clunie  Heide Friedrich 《Acta Geophysica》2008,56(2):417-439

The SWAT.nz (“New-Zealand-based Sand Waves and Turbulence”) research programme was carried out to advance understanding of subaqueous sand waves. The programme was based around detailed measurements at varying scales of bed morphologies and associated flow fields as sand waves formed from plane-bed conditions and grew to equilibrium. This paper outlines the philosophy and details of the SWAT.nz programme, with the aim of providing insight into experiment and analysis design and methodologies for studies of highly-variable bed surfaces and flows. Example challenges addressed in the SWAT.nz programme include the measurement over large spatial domains of developing flow fields and three-dimensional bed morphology, including flow measurements below roughness (sand-wave) crests, and how to interpret the collected measurements. Insights into sand-wave dynamics that have arisen from the programme are presented to illustrate the values of the SWAT.nz programme and the developed methodologies. Results are presented in terms of mobile-bed processes, and flow-bed interaction and flow processes for fixed-bed roughness and erodible beds, respectively.  相似文献   

Estimation of soil hydraulic properties and their uncertainty through the Beerkan infiltration experiment          下载免费PDF全文

Saeed Ghavidelfar  Asaad Y. Shamseldin  Bruce W. Melville 《水文研究》2015,29(17):3699-3713

The Beerkan method based on in situ single‐ring water infiltration experiments along with the relevant specific Beerkan estimation of soil transfer parameters (BEST) algorithm is attractive for simple soil hydraulic characterization. However, the BEST algorithm may lead to erroneous or null values for the saturated hydraulic conductivity and sorptivity especially when there are only few infiltration data points under the transient flow state, either for sandy soil or soils in wet conditions. This study developed an alternative algorithm for analysis of the Beerkan infiltration experiment referred to as BEST‐generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE). The proposed method estimates the scale parameters of van Genuchten water retention and Brooks–Corey hydraulic conductivity functions through the GLUE methodology. The GLUE method is a Bayesian Monte Carlo parameter estimation technique that makes use of a likelihood function to measure the goodness‐of‐fit between modelled and observed data. The results showed that using a combination of three different likelihood measurements based on observed transient flow, steady‐state flow and experimental steady‐state infiltration rate made the BEST‐GLUE procedure capable of performing an efficient inverse analysis of Beerkan infiltration experiments. Therefore, it is more applicable for a wider range of soils with contrasting texture, structure, and initial and saturated water content. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Investigation of mangrove macroalgae as bioindicators of estuarine contamination   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Melville F  Pulkownik A 《Marine pollution bulletin》2006,52(10):1260-1269

This study examined the potential use of macroalgae epiphytic on mangrove aerial roots as indicators of estuarine contamination. The distribution and abundance of macroalgae was investigated in four estuaries in the vicinity of Sydney, Australia, and compared to water and sediment metal concentrations, nutrient concentrations and physicochemical parameters over four seasonal surveys. Macroalgal diversity and distribution appeared to be highly influenced by the ambient contaminant concentrations, while biomass appeared to be linked with nutrient concentrations. The distribution of the Rhodophyta species, Catenella nipae Zanardini significantly decreased as metal concentrations increased among the estuaries during all seasonal surveys. This species showed strong potential for use as a bioindicator of estuarine contamination.  相似文献   

Genetic variation in Avicennia marina in three estuaries of Sydney (Australia) and implications for rehabilitation and management     

Melville F  Burchett M 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,44(6):469-479

In order to ensure conservation of mangroves, genetic diversity in remaining populations must be explored. Both morphological and isozyme analyses were used and compared in investigating the intra- and inter-estuarine variation in Avicennia marina in Sydney, the most urbanised area in Australia. Sediment characteristics, metal levels, tree attributes, leaf morphology and isozyme/allozyme analyses were conducted. Tree characteristics did not prove to be adequate genetic markers, but leaf morphology may be of use in this species. Isozyme/allozyme analyses indicated that genetic distance corresponded with geographic distance, although habitat metal levels may indicate local selection pressures. High levels of heterozygote deficiencies were displayed in each estuary, which could threaten future viability. The results hold implications for management as periodic isozyme analysis may be useful in indicating management needs. The identification of metal-tolerant types may also be useful. Transplantation among estuaries may assist in increasing genetic diversity, if considered desirable. Whatever the management aims, isozyme/allozyme analyses are shown to be useful for revealing genetic diversity in this species.  相似文献   

An Analysis of Hillside Seepage     

Joel G. Melville  Paul N. Sims 《Ground water》1987,25(6):716-721

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A Simplified Analysis of Two-Well Tracer Tests in Stratified Aquifers   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

O. Güven  R. W. Falta  F. J. Molz  J. G. Melville 《Ground water》1986,24(1):63-71

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Laboratory Investigation and Analysis of a Ground-Water Flowmeter   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Joel G. Melville  Fred J. Molz  Oktay Güven 《Ground water》1985,23(4):486-495

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HP41C AND TI59 PROGRAMS FOR ANISOTROPIC CONFINED AQUIFERS     

A. David Parr  Joel G. Melville  Fred J. Molz 《Ground water》1983,21(2):212-220

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A high-pressure experimental study on the evolution of the silicic magmatism of the Main Ethiopian Rift     

L. Caricchi  P. Ulmer  A. Peccerillo 《Lithos》2006,91(1-4):46-58

In this contribution we report the results of an experimental study that investigated equilibrium and fractional crystallization of hydrous, transitional alkaline basalt at low oxygen fugacity, under lower to middle crustal conditions to constrain the generation of subaluminous and peralkaline differentiation products that typically occur in rift systems. The experiments reveal that liquids produced by equilibrium crystallization in the range 0.7–1 GPa cannot cross the subaluminous/peralkaline compositional divide. In contrast, fractional crystallization experiments under isobaric and polybaric conditions approach closer the naturally observed trend from subaluminous to evolved peralkaline products suggesting that polybaric differentiation starting at elevated pressures can indeed lead to the transition from subaluminous to peralkaline derivative liquids. The presence of water in the parental magmas of silicic derivative products is of prime importance for the fractionation equilibria as well as for the mobility of such magmas toward shallow crustal levels.

We suggest that peralkaline magmas in rift environments are indicative for differentiation under relatively low oxygen fugacity conditions in an extensional environment characterized by a high degree of crustal fracturing that allows rapid upward migration of mafic parental magmas and formation of shallow magma reservoirs. Crystallization–differentiation of parental, hydrous transitional alkaline basalt in such reservoirs is controlled by low pressure phase equilibria that typically evolve through early saturation of anorthite-rich plagioclase and suppressed amphibole crystallization resulting in ‘low-alumina’, peralkaline derivative liquids.  相似文献