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Towhata Ikuo Goto Satoshi Goto Shigeru Akima Takeshi Tanaka Junya Uchimura Taro Wang Gonghui Yamaguchi Hiroshi Aoyama Shogo 《Natural Hazards》2021,105(1):501-530
Natural Hazards - A volcanic slope in Izu Oshima Island in Japan experienced a profound rain-induced disaster in October 2013. Since this slope had been stable for centuries except for minor... 相似文献
114.
Taku Yoshimura Kenji Morinaga Seiji Oshimo Yoshinobu Konishi Tsuneo Goto 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):591-604
The annual distribution and dispersal of early‐stage phyllosoma of the Japanese spiny lobster Panulirus japonicus were examined in the East China Sea and the Sea of Japan off western Japan. Early‐stage larvae were sampled mainly in summer and relatively near the coast off western Kyusyu Island. Few larvae were found in the other three seasons in the East China Sea and the Sea of Japan. This finding suggests that P. japonicus larvae are retained in coastal areas for a few months after hatching until stage V and are transported offshore until autumn, before they grow to stage VI. Examination of archival drifter data off western Kyusyu Island during the spawning season of P. japonicus supported the relatively rapid dispersal of the larvae from the East China Sea near Japan to the Pacific Ocean or the Sea of Japan. Larval transport from the East China Sea to the Pacific Ocean, which is considered to be a main distribution area of middle‐ and late‐stage larvae, would occur in the south at approximately 32–33°N in the East China Sea near western Kyusyu Island. 相似文献
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Long-term temperature monitoring in a borehole drilled into the Nojima Fault, southwest Japan 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Abstract Long-term monitoring of temperature distribution in an active fault zone was carried out using the optical fiber temperature-sensing technique. An optical fiber cable was installed in a borehole drilled into the Nojima Fault in Awaji Island, south-west Japan, and the temperature profile to a depth of 1460 m had been measured for 2.5 years (July 1997–January 2000). Although the obtained temperature records showed small temporal variations due to drifts of the measurement system all along the cable, local temperature anomalies were detected at two depths. One at around 80 m seems to correspond to a fracture zone and may be attributed to groundwater flow in the fracture zone. This anomaly had been stable throughout the monitoring period, whereas the other anomaly at around 500 m was a transient one. The water level in the borehole could be estimated from the diurnal temperature variations in the uppermost part of the borehole and may provide information on the hydrological characteristics of the fault zone, which is connected to the borehole through perforations on the casing pipe. Except for these minor variations, the temperature profile had been very stable for 2.5 years. The conductive heat flow calculated from this profile and the thermal conductivity measured on core samples increases with depth, probably resulting from errors in thermal conductivity due to sampling problems and/or from advective heat transfer by regional groundwater flow. Assuming that the middle part of the borehole (less fractured granite layer) is least affected by these factors, heat flow at this site is estimated to be approximately 70 mW/m2 . 相似文献
117.
T. Goto 《Marine Ecology》1995,16(3):251-258
Abstract. The life cycle of the benthic arrowworm, Spadella cephaloptera , which inhabits the Posidonia meadow at Ischia (Gulf of Naples, Italy), was examined by a one-year systematic sampling survey and by laboratory culture. The seasonal fluctuations in abundance and the reproductive characteristics indicate that there were two generations of S. cephaloptera in one year; these generations have a different life span. The habitat of S. cephaloptera depends on the growth of the Posidonia meadow; the influence of different factors on the S. cephaloptera population, especially of the Posidonia vagile fauna, is discussed. 相似文献
118.
The changing XCO2 in fluids during the progressive metamorphism in Sanbagawa belt of the Cretaceous subduction zone, Japan, was estimated by a newly proposed method. The subduction zone meta-sediments are characterized commonly by four-phase assemblages in the CaO–NaAlO2–KAlO2–Al2O3 system with excess quartz and a CO2–H2O binary fluid phase. Using the common assemblage of calcite–albite–muscovite–clinozoisite, XCO2 of the fluid was estimated to be from about 0.0001–0.0005 (the lowest grade chlorite zone), through 0.004–0.01 (garnet zone), 0.01–0.05 (albite–biotite zone) to 0.06–0.2 (oligoclase–biotite zone).The paragenetic relationship of meta-sediments from the subduction zones was compared in a wide P–T range to cover the stability fields of aragonite and jadeite. As a result, an excellent P–T–XCO2 relationship was delineated to serve as a quantitative monitor for the evolving fluid composition during the progressive metamorphism in subduction zones. 相似文献
119.
Shusaku Goto Masataka Kinoshita Osamu MatsubayashiRichard P. Von Herzen 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2002,203(1):149-163
During August 1994 to March 1995, a period that included ODP Leg 158 drilling, bottom-water and sub-bottom temperatures were continuously logged by a long-term temperature monitoring system ‘Daibutsu’ at the base of the central black-smoker complex (CBC) and within the low heat flow zone at the TAG hydrothermal mound on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The temperature of hydrothermal fluid at CBC was also measured with a small high-temperature probe ‘Hobo’. Bottom-water temperature variations measured with Daibutsu at both sites have predominant semi-diurnal periods, causing the sub-bottom temperatures to fluctuate at these periods with reduced amplitudes and phase delays at sub-bottom depths. Seawater entrainment into the mound has been previously suggested at the low heat flow zone. We quantitatively evaluate the seawater entrainment rate at both sites from a one-dimensional numerical model, combined with a heat conduction model for the semi-diurnal variations. The entrainment rate of seawater at the base of CBC is estimated as 1.3±0.5×10−5 m/s, at least from August 17 to 30, 1994. On the other hand, the seawater entrainment rate at the low heat flow zone was undetected by long-term temperature monitoring at shallow sub-bottom depth. Nevertheless an increase in heat flow observed at the low heat flow zone during ODP drilling can be interpreted as a decrease in the entrainment rate of seawater. Before ODP Leg 158, Daibutsu measured three sub-bottom temperature anomalies at the base of CBC not derived from bottom-water temperature variations and Hobo also detected a CBC fluid temperature anomaly, indicating some natural changes in fluid flow within the mound. Daibutsu and Hobo also measured temperature anomalies during and after drilling at the ODP TAG-1 area. The Hobo temperature anomalies are inferred to have occurred when the cold fluid entrained through the drill holes at TAG-1 site reached or cooled the main fluid path to CBC. The entrained seawater through the drill holes appears to have contributed to dissolution and precipitation of anhydrite within the mound and perhaps affected the local permeability structure inside the mound. The temperature anomalies measured with Daibutsu at the base of CBC may have been induced by the change in the fluid flow pattern as a result of such permeability changes within the mound. 相似文献
120.
An experiment was carried out to develop a technique to measure shear wave velocity simultaneously with the standard penetration test popular in soil engineering. In the standard penetration test an impact at the bottom of a borehole is produced by weight dropping and may be expected to generate seismic waves. A three-component geophone was set on the ground surface near the borehole and the waves generated were recorded with a magnetic recorder at successive depths of the penetration test. The predominance of the SV wave obtained with this simple method was assured by measurement of the particle orbit. Signal amplitudes decrease with depth and become less than the noise level at a certain depth. Therefore records from deeper sources must be processed to disclose the shear waves. Since waveforms of SV events generated by blows of the penetration test at a given depth are very similar, the signal to noise ratio would be expected to be improved by a stack of wave trains. A paste-up of the radial component after stacking was compared with that before stacking and a refinement was clearly recognized. A vertical distribution of shear wave velocity was obtained by reading the onset time at each depth. Shear wave velocities thus obtained were compared with N values from the standard penetration test and specific resistivities from electrical logging in the same borehole. The data were mutually consistent. This experiment showed that a convenient, precise shear wave velocity measurement can be conducted during the routine work of a standard penetration test. 相似文献