我国科学数据共享现状的调查     

路鹏  苗良田  莫纪宏  李志雄  李学良  孙仕宏  王松 《国际地震动态》2008,(9)

本文是科学数据共享政策法规体系研究系列文章的收笔之作.撰写本文的目的,就是为说明科学数据共享政策法规体系的研究是建立在大量的基础调研之上.调查研究是谋事之基、成事之道.从实践中寻求解决现实问题的方法,才能制定出切实可行的政策、法规,调查研究是制定政策、法规的客观依据.为使制订政策、 规章制度适应社会经济发展和变化的新情况,就深入开展调查研究,认真听取各方面的意见,深入研究相应的管理规律和运行机制.本文详述了调查过程、调查方法,以佐证政策法规研究不能脱离实际.  相似文献   

Vulnerability and adaptation to climate-related fire impacts in rural and urban interior Alaska     

Sarah F. Trainor  Monika Calef  David Natcher  F. Stuart Chapin III  A. David McGuire  Orville Huntington  Paul Duffy  T. Scott Rupp  La'Ona DeWilde  Mary Kwart  Nancy Fresco  & Amy Lauren Lovecraft 《Polar research》2009,28(1):100-118

This paper explores whether fundamental differences exist between urban and rural vulnerability to climate-induced changes in the fire regime of interior Alaska. We further examine how communities and fire managers have responded to these changes and what additional adaptations could be put in place. We engage a variety of social science methods, including demographic analysis, semi-structured interviews, surveys, workshops and observations of public meetings. This work is part of an interdisciplinary study of feedback and interactions between climate, vegetation, fire and human components of the Boreal forest social–ecological system of interior Alaska. We have learned that although urban and rural communities in interior Alaska face similar increased exposure to wildfire as a result of climate change, important differences exist in their sensitivity to these biophysical, climate-induced changes. In particular, reliance on wild foods, delayed suppression response, financial resources and institutional connections vary between urban and rural communities. These differences depend largely on social, economic and institutional factors, and are not necessarily related to biophysical climate impacts per se. Fire management and suppression action motivated by political, economic or other pressures can serve as unintentional or indirect adaptation to climate change. However, this indirect response alone may not sufficiently reduce vulnerability to a changing fire regime. More deliberate and strategic responses may be required, given the magnitude of the expected climate change and the likelihood of an intensification of the fire regime in interior Alaska.  相似文献   

川西高原水环境的氧化还原特征初探     

黄继  许模  陈旭  张曦 《火山地质与矿产》2009,(1):66-71

从川西高原饮用水赋存的环境-地质条件出发进行研究,较全面的探讨了该区气象、水文、土壤等环境要素对水中氧化还原电位的制约作用。通过对研究区内饮用水赋存环境的一系列环境地质调查与氧化还原电位的现场测试可以得出：（1）该研究区所处特殊的地理位置（青藏高原的东南部-横断山系北段,属川西高山高原区）导致该区具有冬长,无夏,春秋短,气温低,温差大等独有的气象条件;该区主要的构造侵蚀高山地貌类型导致地下水循环具有径流途径短,水力坡度大,水-土间交换作用十分强烈的特点,该区土壤的特点是淋滤作用较强且成弱酸性等,这三个环境要素的特点是直接导致该区饮用水中氧化还原电位值升高的主要原因;（2）由于不同类型水（河水、沟水、泉水、土井水）其与大气接触程度的差异导致其氧化还原值呈现由高到低的趋势,即河水〉沟水〉泉水〉土井水。  相似文献   

Geology and Hydrothermal Alteration of the Milyang Pyrophyllite Deposit, Southeast Korea     

Tetsuichi TAKAGI  Sang–Mo KOH  Moon–Young KIM  Kazuki NAITO  Sadahisa SUDO 《Resource Geology》2000,50(4):243-256

Abstract: The Milyang pyrophyllite deposit, which is embedded in the Late Cretaceous Yuchon Group of the Kyongsang Supergroup, is one of the largest hydrothermal clay deposits in the Kyongsang basin, southeast Korea. Host rocks of the deposit are porphyritic andesite lava and minor andesitic lapilli tuff. In the Milyang district, a hydrothermally altered zone is about 2 × 3 km in extent; we can recognize the concentric arrangement of advanced argillic, propylitic, and sericitic alteration zones from the central to peripheral parts of the zone. The Milyang pyrophyllite deposit forms a part of the advanced argillic alteration zone. The Milyang pyrophyllite deposit is subdivided into the following four zones based on mineral assemblages: the pyrophyllite zones 1, 2, 3, and the silicified zone. The pyrophyllite zone 1, which occupies the central part of the deposit, comprises mainly pyrophyllite, kaolinite, and diaspore without quartz. Diaspore nodules often concentrate in beds 40–50 cm thick. Andalusite, dumortierite, and tourmaline locally occur as network veins, crack‐filler, or small spherulitic spots. The Al₂O₃ content of the ore ranges from 27 to 36 wt%. The pyrophyllite zone 2, which constitutes a major part of the deposit, comprises mainly pyrophyllite, kaolinite, and quartz. The Al₂O₃ content of the ore ranges from 15 to 24 wt%. The pyro‐phyllite zone 3 is the hematite‐rich marginal facies of the deposit. The silicified zone, which occurs as beds and septa, is mostly composed of quartz with minor pyrophyllite and kaolinite; the SiO₂ contents range from 79 to 90 wt%. Comparing chemical compositions of the high‐Al ores with those of unaltered host andesite, the Fe, Ca, alkalis, HFSE, and HREE contents are significantly depleted, whereas S, B, As, Sr, and LREE are enriched. The hydrothermal alteration of the Milyang pyrophyllite deposit can be classified into the following four stages: 1) extensive sericitic and propylitic alteration, 2) medium‐temperature (200–250°C) advanced argillic alteration, 3) high‐temperature (250–350°C or more) advanced argillic alteration, and 4) retrograde low‐temperature alteration. The heat and some volatile components such as B and S would be derived from the Pulguksa Granite intruded underneath the deposit.  相似文献   

On the way to a better state? The role of NGOs in the planning and implementation of protected areas in Brazil     

Monika Röper 《GeoJournal》2000,52(1):61-69

Protected areas are considered some of the most versatile as well as important instruments of nature conservation and environmental policies. The `classic' model of nature conservation aims at the isolation of large areas in order to preserve their `pristine' nature from human interference. However, the transfer of this model to developing countries led to serious conflicts with local people. From a socio-geographical viewpoint, protected areas can be understood as regulative tools for the shaping and controlling of space. This approach helps to recognise the influence of distinct modes of appropriation of space and nature on the emergence and course of conflicts. In the present article it is used to analyse the leading role played by Brazilian NGOs in the transformation of the classic model of protected area management at the beginning of the nineties. Two case studies – dealing with the implementation of the Amazonian Mamirauá Reserve and with the reform of the Brazilian protected area legislation – are used to illustrate not only the success of the new approaches, but also the expectations and contradictions which surround the future development of protected areas in Brazil.  相似文献   

The Tully–Fisher relation and its implications for the halo density profile and self-interacting dark matter     

H. J. Mo  Shude Mao 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2000,318(1):163-172

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Permafrost occurrence during the Last Permafrost Maximum in the Western Carpathian Mountains of Slovakia as inferred from cryogenic cave carbonate     

Monika Orvošová  Michael Deininger  Rastislav Milovský 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2014,43(3):750-758

Coarse crystalline cryogenic cave carbonate (CCC) forms during the slow freezing of standing water pools and represents indirect proof of freezing temperature in the past. The dating by U‐series of CCC deposits from nine caves in the Western Carpathians Mountains of Slovakia suggests that freezing conditions, and possible permafrost conditions, occurred during the Last Permafrost Maximum (LPM, c. 20–18 ka BP). The CCC deposits occur in caves at elevations of between 800 and 1800 m a.s.l. They point to widespread alpine permafrost, the lower limit of discontinuous/sporadic permafrost being approximately 800 m a.s.l. The thickness of permafrost probably varied between 30 and 180 m. In the Vysoké Tatry Mountains at altitudes of ～1800 m a.s.l., one occurrence of CCC suggests that subzero temperatures may have penetrated to a depth of over 285 m.  相似文献   

Galaxy occupation statistics of dark matter haloes: observational results     

Xiaohu Yang  H. J. Mo  Y. P. Jing  Frank C. van den Bosch 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2005,358(1):217-232

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基于Endlich迭代调整的全球流函数和速度势计算及风场分解与重建     

黎爱兵  李旺  莫毅 《气象科技》2018,46(2):275-281

本文将有限区域求解流函数和速度势的Endlich迭代调整方法(E-T方法)推广至全球区域,并与常用Guass-Seidel迭代求解Poisson方程方法(G-P方法)进行了比较。结果表明:E-T方法适应于全球流函数和速度势的计算,其由内向外调整,不需严格考虑边界条件,可消除边界对计算结果的影响;E-T方法能准确分解和重建原始风场,而由于极地边界和差分格式影响,G-P方法求得的旋转风和辐散风之和不能准确重建原始风场,尤其是经向为固定边界时,两极地附近重建风场误差非常明显;E-T方法与G-P方法另一重要差异是前者利用流函数和速度势与风场偏微分关系直接进行迭代求解,不需计算涡度和散度,不但保证了重建风场的准确性,还防止了涡度和散度计算误差带来的二次污染。  相似文献   

Correction to: Identifying the effect of climate variability on communal conflict through randomization     

Jonas Nordkvelle  Siri Aas Rustad  Monika Salmivalli 《Climatic change》2018,151(2):363-363

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