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Lars Bilke Thomas Fischer Carolin Helbig Charlotte Krawczyk Thomas Nagel Dmitri Naumov Sebastian Paulick Karsten Rink Agnes Sachse Sophie Schelenz Marc Walther Norihiro Watanabe Björn Zehner Jennifer Ziesch Olaf Kolditz 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,72(10):3881-3899
Scientific visualization is an integral part of the modeling workflow, enabling researchers to understand complex or large data sets and simulation results. A high-resolution stereoscopic virtual reality (VR) environment further enhances the possibilities of visualization. Such an environment also allows collaboration in work groups including people of different backgrounds and to present results of research projects to stakeholders or the public. The requirements for the computing equipment driving the VR environment demand specialized software applications which can be run in a parallel fashion on a set of interconnected machines. Another challenge is to devise a useful data workflow from source data sets onto the display system. Therefore, we develop software applications like the OpenGeoSys Data Explorer, custom data conversion tools for established visualization packages such as ParaView and Visualization Toolkit as well as presentation and interaction techniques for 3D applications like Unity. We demonstrate our workflow by presenting visualization results for case studies from a broad range of applications. An outlook on how visualization techniques can be deeply integrated into the simulation process is given and future technical improvements such as a simplified hardware setup are outlined. 相似文献
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Information from a database, which was compiled and continuously updated by the authors of this paper and now includes information from 19500 publication on fluid and melt inclusions in minerals, is used to summarize results on the physicochemical formation parameters of hydrothermal Au, Ag, Pb, and Zn deposits. The database provides information on fluid inclusions in minerals from 970 Pb-Zn, 220 Au-Ag-Pb-Zn, and 825 Au-Ag deposits in various settings worldwide. Histograms for the homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusion are presented for the most typical minerals of the deposits. In sphalerite, most homogenization temperatures (1327 measurements) of fluid inclusions lie within the range of 50–200°C with a maximum at 100–200°C for this mineral from Pb-Zn deposits and within the range of 100–350°C (802 measurements) with a maximum at 200–300°C for this mineral from Au deposits. Data are presented on fluid pressures at Au (1495 measurements) and Pb-Zn (180 measurements) deposits. The pressure during the preore, ore-forming, and postore stages at these deposits ranged from 4–10 to 6000 bar. The reason for the high pressures during preore stages at the deposits is the relations of the fluids to acid magmatic and metamorphic processes. More than 70% of the fluid pressures values measured at Pb-Zn deposits lie within the range of 1–1500 bar. Au-Ag deposits are characterized by higher fluid pressures of 500–2000 bar (61% of the measurements). The overall ranges of the salinity and temperature of the mineral-forming fluid at Au-Ag (6778 measurements) and Pb-Zn (3395 measurements) deposits are 0.1–80 wt % equiv. NaCl and 20–800°C. Most measurements (～64%) for Au-Ag deposits yield fluid salinity <10 wt % equiv. NaCl and temperatures of 200–400°C (63%). Fluids at Pb-Zn deposits are typically more saline (10–25 wt % equiv. NaCl, 51% measurements) and lower temperature (100–300°C, 74% measurements). Several measurements of the fluid density fall within the range of 0.8–1.2 g/cm3. The average composition of volatile components of the fluids was evaluated by various techniques. The average composition of volatile components of fluid inclusions in minerals is calculated for hydrothermal W, Au, Ag, Sn, and Pb-Zn deposits, metamorphic rocks, and all geological objects. The Au, Ag, Pb, and Zn concentrations in magmatic melts and mineral-forming fluids is evaluated based on analyses of individual inclusions. 相似文献
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K. R. Kovalev Yu. A. Kalinin V. I. Polynov E. L. Kydyrbekov A. S. Borisenko E. A. Naumov M. I. Netesov A. G. Klimenko M. K. Kolesnikova 《Geology of Ore Deposits》2012,54(4):254-275
The Suzdal gold-sulfide deposit is situated in the northwestern part of the West Kalba gold belt in Eastern Kazakhstan and belongs to the genetic type of stringer-disseminated mineralized zones hosted in the Lower Carboniferous black-shale volcanic-carbonate-terrigenous sequences. Mineralization is controlled by the NE-trending Suzdal Fault. In the north, the deposit borders on the Early Triassic Semeytau volcanic-plutonic structure. Mineralization is superposed on the Late Paleozoic complex of metadolerite and quartz porphyry dikes. Ore deposition was a long-term process comprising four stages. The first stage was related to deposition of slightly auriferous pyrite syngenetic to host rocks. The second stage is characterized by formation of the first productive (with invisible gold) fine-acicular arsenopyrite mineralization accompanied by sericitization and localized in the tectonic zone. The stockwork ore with pocket-disseminated base-metal mineralization and free microscopic gold of the third stage is hosted in silicified rocks. The ore formation has been completed by quartz-stibnite veins superposed on all preceding types of mineralization. According to Ar/Ar dating of sericite, a chronological gap between the second and the third stages is estimated at 33 Ma. The deposit is an example of polygenetic and multistage mineralization. 相似文献
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Our database of published contents of volatile, major, and trace elements in melt inclusions in minerals and quenched glasses of volcanic rocks was used to calculate the mean compositions of alkaline and subalkaline melts of ocean islands. The data array included ~10300 determinations from more than 200 publications. The alkaline basic melts (mean Na2O + K2O is 4.75 wt %) are strongly enriched compared with the subalkaline melts (mean Na2O + K2O is 2.70 wt %) in volatile components (0.96 and 0.37 wt % H2O, 650 and 190 ppm Cl, 1480 and 320 ppm F, and 930 and 530 ppm S, respectively) and many trace elements. For instance, the alkaline and subalkaline melts contain 31.8 and 7.2 ppm Rb, 50.1 and 9.6 ppm Nb, and 39.9 and 5.7 ppm La, respectively. Such relations were not observed for V, Cr, Co, Cu, Ga, and Sc. As to the major elements, the alkaline melts show significantly higher contents of Ti, Fe, and P, but lower contents of Si and Mg compared with the subalkaline melts. The enrichment of the alkaline melts in many trace elements compared with the subalkaline melts is retained also in silicic melts. The distribution of trace elements suggests a higher contribution of pyroxenite material during the formation of alkaline melts. 相似文献
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Concentration of ore elements in magmatic melts and natural fluids as deduced from data on inclusions in minerals 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
V. B. Naumov A. V. Girnis V. A. Dorofeeva V. A. Kovalenker 《Geology of Ore Deposits》2016,58(4):327-343
Based on intergration of the published data on composition of inclusions in minerals and quenched glasses, the mean concentrations of 24 ore elements have been calculated for magmatic silicate melts formed in main geodynamic settings of the Earth and in natural fluids. The mean glass compositions normalized to the primitive mantle correlate with the partition coefficient between olivine and the basic melt. It is established that the degree of enrichment in ore elements depending on geodynamic setting is controlled by various contribution of fluids to the element transfer and accumulation. The ratios of element contents in each geodynamic setting to the mean concentrations of elements over all settings in the Earth have been calculated. 相似文献
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I. A. Andreeva V. S. Antipin O. A. Bogatikov M. V. Borisov N. S. Bortnikov N. V. Vladykin V. L. Vinograd A. V. Girnis V. A. Glebovitskii L. V. Danyushevsky N. L. Dobretsov V. S. Kamenetsky L. T. Kogarenko A. M. Kozlovskyi S. P. Korikovsky A. B. Kotov M. G. Kopylova M. I. Kuz’min N. N. Laverov F. A. Letnikov B. A. Litvinovsky A. A. Marakushev M. A. Nazarov V. B. Naumov A. V. Nikiforov I. S. Puchtel Yu. M. Pushcharovsky S. V. Ruzhentsev I. D. Ryabchikov V. S. Samoilov A. V. Samsonov A. G. Simakin A. V. Sobolev A. I. Khanchuk N. P. Yushkin V. V. Yarmolyuk 《Petrology》2011,19(4):325-326
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Vikent’ev I. V. Borisova A. Yu. Karpukhina V. S. Naumov V. B. Ryabchikov I. D. 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2012,443(1):401-405
Doklady Earth Sciences - 相似文献