Results of test experiment comparing measurement data of three adjacent ADCP bottom stations     

V. B. Piotukh  V. I. Baranov  S. B. Kuklev  O. I. Podymov 《Oceanology》2016,56(4):601-613

The results of a test experiment comparing quasi-synchronous data of three adjacent acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) deployed on the shelf bottom of the Black Sea in September 2014 are considered. The direct aim of the experiment was quantitative comparison of data from different ADCPs placed in maximally similar conditions to simultaneously measure the sea current parameters at one geographic point. The goals and the scheme of the experiment, methods for processing the measurement results, main results, and their interpretations and analysis, including practical results and conclusions, are described.  相似文献   

Macrophytobenthos of the Caspian Sea: Diversity,distribution, and productivity     

O. V. Stepanian 《Oceanology》2016,56(3):395-405

In the Russian sector of the northern and middle Caspian Sea, 36 species of macroalgae have been identified. The green and red algae from the mesosaprobic group are dominant. An increase in the number of green algae species is revealed. The distribution of macroalgae is inhomogeneous. It is confined to the solid substrate and epiphyton. The biomass of seaweeds reaches 1.5 kg/m². Climate change has little influence on the appearance of new species in the northern Caspian Sea, but new invaders can appear in the Middle and Southern Caspian. The distribution of aquatic and coastal hygrophytic vegetation shows considerable spatial dynamics due to fluctuations in the level and salinity of the Caspian Sea. The biomass of aquatic vegetation varies in a wide range from 0.5 to 10.0 kg/m₂. Spatially detailed mathematical models adequately reflect the changes in key species of aquatic plants in space and time. It is shown that expansion of the zone of the seagrass Zostera noltii to shallow water areas is occurring at present, as well as shrinkage of the range of the dominant littoral aquatic plant Phragmites australis.  相似文献   

Study of the contourite systems of the west Atlantic in the 50th cruise of research vessel <Emphasis Type="Italic">Akademik Ioffe</Emphasis>     

E. V. Ivanova  I. O. Murdmaa  D. G. Borisov  E. A. Seitkalieva  L. D. Bashirova  E. A. Ovsepyan  E. V. Bulycheva  N. V. Simagin  A. V. Krek  D. T. Fidaev 《Oceanology》2016,56(6):888-889

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Variations of the aerosol concentration and chemical composition over the arid steppe zone of Southern Russia in summer     

M. S. Artamonova  D. P. Gubanova  M. A. Iordanskii  V. A. Lebedev  L. O. Maksimenkov  V. M. Minashkin  Y. I. Obvintsev  O. G. Chketiani 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2016,52(8):769-783

Variations in the surface aerosol over the arid steppe zone of Southern Russia have been measured. The parameters of atmospheric aerosol (mass concentration, both dispersed and elemental compositions) and meteorological parameters were measured in Tsimlaynsk raion (Rostov oblast). The chemical composition of aerosol particles in the atmospheric surface layer has been determined, and the coefficients of enrichment of elements with respect to clarkes in the Earth’s crust have been calculated. It is shown that, in summer, arid aerosols are transported from both alkaline and sandy soils of Kalmykia to the air basin over the observation zone. Aerosol particles in the surface air layer over this region have been found to contain the products of combustion of oil, coal, and ethylized fuel. These combustion products make a small contribution to the total mass concentration of atmospheric aerosol; however, they are most hazardous to the health of people because of their sizes and heavy-metal contents. A high concentration of submicron sulfur-containing aerosol particles of chemocondensation nature has been recorded. Sources of aerosol of both natural and anthropogenic origins in southern Russia are discussed.  相似文献   

Cycles of seismic activity in the second half of the holocene in the Western Caucasus and their correlation with stages of civilization development: A case study of the upper reach of the Mzymta River     

A. N. Ovsuchenko  M. Yu. Menshikov  E. A. Rogozhin  A. M. Korzhenkov 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2016,52(8):816-840

The results of comprehensive research into the area of the upper reach of the Mzymta River (Western Caucasus) are presented. The evidence of strong earthquakes that struck the study area throughout history is studied. The periods when mud flows and rockslides associated with the earthquakes are identified to fall between 3100–4000 and 700–1200 years ago. Paleoseismological results are correlated to the results of archeological excavations. As a result, it is revealed that the periods of tectonic disasters coincided with the onsets of the period when the area was uninhabited (abandoned) by people. The results of the present comprehensive research provide additional information to specify the seismic hazard and the chronology of human habitation in the region.  相似文献   

Spectral characteristics of Rossby waves in the Northwestern Pacific based on satellite altimetry     

T. V. Belonenko  A. A. Kubrjakov  S. V. Stanichny 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2016,52(9):920-928

Using satellite altimetry measurement data for 1993–2013, we study the spectral characteristics of Rossby waves in the Northwestern Pacific (25°–50° N, 140°–180° E). For each latitude degree, we draw integral plots of spectral power density calculated with a two-dimensional Fourier transform (2D-FFT). We compare the dispersion equations of Rossby waves calculated from the WKB-approximation and an approximation of a two-layer ocean model with the empirical velocities determined by the slope of isopleths by the Radon method; also, we compare the dispersion equations with the spectral distributions of level variations. It is shown that the main energy of Rossby waves in the Northwestern Pacific corresponds to the first baroclinic mode. At almost all latitudes, there is good agreement between the empirical phase velocities calculated by isopleths by the Radon method and the theoretical values; also, the spectral peaks correspond to graphs of the dispersion equations for the first baroclinic mode Rossby waves, except for the Kuroshio region, where some peaks correspond to the second mode.  相似文献   

Methods for retrieval of sea wave spectra from aerospace image spectra     

V. G. Bondur  A. B. Murynin 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2016,52(9):877-887

An approach to the retrieval of sea wave spatial spectra based on satellite optical imagery in linear and nonlinear approximations is described. Physical mechanisms of the formation of disturbed sea surface brightness fields recorded by remote sensing equipment are analyzed. Wave spectra retrieval methods using brightness field formation models that consider linear and nonlinear dependencies on sea surface slopes are suggested. A method for the construction of operators that retrieve the spatial spectra of surface wave slopes and elevations from aerospace imagery and take into account nonlinear modulations of disturbed sea surface brightness fields is developed. This method is based on the numerical simulation of sea surface images and the construction of a retrieving operator with respect to a set of parameters determined by aerospace imaging conditions. Examples of the use of the developed methods are given.  相似文献   

Satellite monitoring of trace gas and aerosol emissions during wildfires in Russia   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

V. G. Bondur 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2016,52(9):1078-1091

Peculiarities of the formation of carbon gas and fine aerosol emissions into the atmosphere during wildfires are analyzed. A prompt satellite monitoring system and technique for the assessment of burnt areas and volumes of CO₂, CO, and PM_2.5 emissions from wildfires are described. The results of satellite monitoring of the Russian Federation and some Russian regions for different months over 2010–2014 are given; burnt areas and volumes of carbon gas and aerosol emissions throughout the entire territory are assessed. The peculiarities of seasonal frequencies of wildfires and volumes of hazardous gas and fine aerosol emissions in the regions under study are identified.  相似文献   

Iceberg drifting and distribution in the Vilkitsky Strait studied by detailed satellite radar and optical images     

A. A. Kucheiko  A. Yu. Ivanov  A. A. Davydov  A. Yu. Antonyuk 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2016,52(9):1031-1040

This paper is devoted to the detection and identification of icebergs in the Russian Arctic Seas from the use of high- and medium-resolution radar and optical images from EROS-B, Radarsat-1, Radarsat-2, SPOT-4 and SPOT-5 Earth observation satellites. In July–September of 2011–2013, the SCANEX Research and Development Center, the Federal State Unitary Enterprise Atomflot, and other partner organizations provided operational satellite monitoring of icebergs in the Kara Sea and the Laptev Sea. More than 130 highly detailed optical and radar images were received and processed. The Vilkitsky Strait—one of the narrowest and most dangerous places within the Northern Sea Route—was chosen as an experimental polygon. As a result, iceberg location in the strait during the 2011–2013 navigation periods was analyzed, as were the iceberg size, area, drift direction, and height.  相似文献   

Modeling of oil spreading in a problem of radar multiangle diagnostics of Sea surface pollutions     

A. Ya. Matveev  A. A. Kubryakov  A. G. Boev  D. M. Bychkov  V. K. Ivanov  S. V. Stanichny  V. N. Tsymbal 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2016,52(9):940-950

The possibilities of a multiangle method of radar diagnostics to determine thickness of an oil film on a sea surface by comparing the radar data with the quantitative modeling results obtained using the model of oil spreading dynamics are analyzed. The experimental results of the remote sensing of the Caspian Sea water area near the Neftyanye Kamni oil field by the Envisat-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and the new Floating Objects Tracking System (FOTS) model of oil spreading are used for the analysis. The model allows to calculate the dynamics and change in the mass and size of an oil slick basing only on the available data of satellite measurements and atmospheric reanalysis.The model takes into account the main processes that influence the slick formation (gravity spreading, advective transport, dispersion, emulsification, turbulent mixing, and evaporation). This model is used to calculate the thickness evolution and dynamics of the displacement of oil slicks in the period between two consecutive radar images of this region (0.5–4 days) and to estimate the volumes of oil spilled in the field. The good consistence of the height of the oil film calculated using radar measurements and the modeling results confirms the method’s reliability.  相似文献