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T. S. R. Babbedge M. Rowan-Robinson M. Vaccari J. A. Surace C. J. Lonsdale D. L. Clements F. Fang D. Farrah A. Franceschini E. Gonzalez-Solares E. Hatziminaoglou C. G. Lacey S. Oliver N. Onyett I. Pérez-Fournon M. Polletta F. Pozzi G. Rodighiero D. L. Shupe B. Siana H. E. Smith 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2006,370(3):1159-1180
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E. Hatziminaoglou P. Cassata G. Rodighiero I. Pérez-Fournon A. Franceschini A. Hernán-Caballero F. M. Montenegro-Montes A. Afonso-Luis T. Jarrett G. Stacey C. Lonsdale F. Fang S. Oliver M. Rowan-Robinson D. Shupe H. E. Smith J. Surace C. K. Xu E. A. González-Solares 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2005,364(1):47-58
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Boundary layers between different environmental compartments represent critical interfaces for biological, chemical and physical processes. The sea-surface microlayer (uppermost 1-1000 microm layer) forms the boundary layer interface between the atmosphere and ocean. Environmental processes are controlled by the SML, and it is known to play a key role in the global distribution of anthropogenic pollutants. Due to its unique chemical composition, the upper organic film of the SML represents both a sink and a source for a range of pollutants including chlorinated hydrocarbons, organotin compounds, petroleum hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and heavy metals. These pollutants can be enriched in the SML by up to 500 times relative to concentrations occurring in the underlying bulk water column. The SML is also a unique ecosystem, serving as an important habitat for fish eggs and larvae. Concentration ranges and enrichment factors of pollutants in the SML in different areas of the world's oceans have been critically reviewed, together with available toxicity data for marine biota found within the SML. Overall, the SML is highly contaminated in many urban and industrialized areas of the world, resulting in severe ecotoxicological impacts. Such impacts may lead to drastic effects on the marine food web and to fishery recruitment in coastal waters. Studies of the toxicity of fish eggs and larvae exposed to the SML contaminants have shown that the SML in polluted areas leads to significantly higher rates of mortality and abnormality of fish embryos and larvae. 相似文献
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Characterization of Compass M-1 signals 总被引:7,自引:4,他引:3
André Hauschild Oliver Montenbruck Jean-Marie Sleewaegen Lennard Huisman Peter J. G. Teunissen 《GPS Solutions》2012,16(1):117-126
An analysis of observations from China’s first medium earth orbit satellite Compass M-1 is presented, with main focus on the
first orbit and clock solution for this satellite. The orbit is computed from laser ranging measurements. Based on this orbit
solution, the apparent clock offset is estimated using measurements from two GNSS receivers, which allow Compass tracking.
The analysis of the clock solutions reveals unexpectedly high dynamics in the pseudorange and carrier-phase observations.
Furthermore, carrier-to-noise density ratio, pseudorange noise, and multipath are analyzed and compared to GPS and GIOVE.
The results of the clock analysis motivate further research on the signals of the geostationary satellites of the Compass
constellation. 相似文献