Effects of Degradation of Vegetal Fibers on the Mechanical Behavior of Reinforced Sand     

Silveira  Mariana V.  Casagrande  Michéle D. T. 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2021,39(5):3875-3887

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - This paper presents the results of an experimental program about the behavior and durability of soils reinforced with randomly distributed vegetal fibers...  相似文献   

LES MODALITÉS DU TRANSPORT DES ALLUVIONS DANS LES RIVIÈRES CÉVENOLES     

le Prof. J. TRICART 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(4):75-84

Abstract

The rivers Gard, Herault and Vidourle which go down very rapidly from the Cevennes into the Mediterranean sea, between very steep slopes, are particulary able to transport débris as a consequence of their very big floods. Nevertheless, during the floods of the autumn 1958, which were of a bi- or tricentenial frequency, only the loams, clays and sands were able to reach the sea during the flood. Shingle was transported in great quantities but only upon short distances, of no; more than 2 or 3 km. Even in such torrents, the transport of shingle is very long, and the greater part of the shingle actually present in the river bed was swept out from the foot of the slopes during the last cold period of the Quaternary, under periglacial conditions. The construction of a dam, at the Moulin de Bertrand in the Hérault valley, which does not allow the transit of shingle, did not result in the modifications in the conditions of transport of the pebbles downstream: the pebbles which are presently transported do not come from the upper valley, but are reworked from the accumulations built up in the bed before the construction of the dam.  相似文献   

Producing time series of river water height by means of satellite radar altimetry—a comparative study     

Emmanuel Roux  Joecila Santos da Silva  Augusto Cesar Vieira Getirana  Marie-Paule Bonnet  Stéphane Calmant  Jean-Michel Martinez 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(1):104-120

Abstract

Satellite radar altimetry is complementary to in situ limnimetric surveys as a means of estimating the water height of large rivers, lakes and flood plains. Production of water height time series by satellite radar altimetry technology requires first the selection of radar ground target locations corresponding to water body surfaces under study, i.e. the definition of “virtual limnimetric stations”. We propose to investigate qualitative and quantitative differences between three representative virtual station creation methodologies: (a) a fully manual method, (b) a semi-automatic method based on a land cover characterization that allows the water body surface under study to be located; and (c) an original fully automatic procedure that exploits a digital elevation model and an estimation of the river width. The results yielded by these three methods are comparable: maximum absolute magnitudes of water height differences being 0.46, 0.26 and 0.15 m for, respectively, 95, 90 and 80% of the water height values obtained. Moreover, more than 67% and 92% of time series jointly produced by the methods present root mean square differences lower than 20 and 50 cm, respectively. The results show that the fully automatic method developed herein provides as reliable results as the fully manual one. This opens the way to use of satellite radar altimetry for the generation of water height time series on a large scale, and considerably extends the applicability of satellite radar altimetry in hydrology.

Citation Roux, E., Santos da Silva, J., Vieira Getirana, A. C., Bonnet, M.-P., Calmant, S., Martinez, J.-M. & Seyler, F. (2010) Producing time series of river water height by means of satellite radar altimetry—comparative study. Hydrol. Sci. J. 55(1), 104–120.  相似文献   

Geochemical influence of waste trench no. 22T at Chernobyl Pilot Site at the aquifer: Long-term trends,governing processes,and implications for radionuclide migration     

D. Bugai  E. Tkachenko  N. Van Meir  C. Simonucci  A. Martin-Garin  C. Roux  C. Le Gal La Salle  Yu. Kubko 《Applied Geochemistry》2012

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Groundwater residence time downgradient of Trench No. 22 at the Chernobyl Pilot Site: Constraints on hydrogeological aquifer functioning     

C. Le Gal La Salle  L. Aquilina  E. Fourre  P. Jean-Baptiste  J.-L. Michelot  C. Roux  D. Bugai  T. Labasque  C. Simonucci  N. Van Meir  A. Noret  S. Bassot  A. Dapoigny  D. Baumier  P. Verdoux  D. Stammose  J. Lancelot 《Applied Geochemistry》2012

Following the explosion of reactor 4 at the Chernobyl power plant in northern Ukraine in 1986, contaminated soil and vegetation were buried in shallow trenches dug directly on-site in an Aeolian sand deposit. These trenches are sources of radionuclide (RN) pollution. The objective of the present study is to provide constraints for the Chernobyl flow and RN transport models by characterising groundwater residence time. A radiochronometer ³H/³He method (t_1/2 = 12.3 a) and anthropogenic tracers including CFC and SF₆ are investigated along with the water mass natural tracers Na, Cl, ¹⁸O and ²H.  相似文献   

Open-source MATLAB implementation of consistent discretisations on complex grids   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Knut–Andreas Lie  Stein Krogstad  Ingeborg Skjelkv?le Ligaarden  Jostein Roald Natvig  Halvor M?ll Nilsen  B?rd Skaflestad 《Computational Geosciences》2012,16(2):297-322

Accurate geological modelling of features such as faults, fractures or erosion requires grids that are flexible with respect to geometry. Such grids generally contain polyhedral cells and complex grid-cell connectivities. The grid representation for polyhedral grids in turn affects the efficient implementation of numerical methods for subsurface flow simulations. It is well known that conventional two-point flux-approximation methods are only consistent for K-orthogonal grids and will, therefore, not converge in the general case. In recent years, there has been significant research into consistent and convergent methods, including mixed, multipoint and mimetic discretisation methods. Likewise, the so-called multiscale methods based upon hierarchically coarsened grids have received a lot of attention. The paper does not propose novel mathematical methods but instead presents an open-source Matlab? toolkit that can be used as an efficient test platform for (new) discretisation and solution methods in reservoir simulation. The aim of the toolkit is to support reproducible research and simplify the development, verification and validation and testing and comparison of new discretisation and solution methods on general unstructured grids, including in particular corner point and 2.5D PEBI grids. The toolkit consists of a set of data structures and routines for creating, manipulating and visualising petrophysical data, fluid models and (unstructured) grids, including support for industry standard input formats, as well as routines for computing single and multiphase (incompressible) flow. We review key features of the toolkit and discuss a generic mimetic formulation that includes many known discretisation methods, including both the standard two-point method as well as consistent and convergent multipoint and mimetic methods. Apart from the core routines and data structures, the toolkit contains add-on modules that implement more advanced solvers and functionality. Herein, we show examples of multiscale methods and adjoint methods for use in optimisation of rates and placement of wells.  相似文献   

VizualAge: A Novel Approach to Laser Ablation ICP‐MS U‐Pb Geochronology Data Reduction     

Joseph A. Petrus  Balz S. Kamber 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2012,36(3):247-270

VizualAge, a new computer software tool for analysing U‐Pb data obtained by laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry, was developed. It consists of a data reduction scheme (DRS) for Iolite (a general mass spectrometry data analysis tool) as well as visualisation routines. In addition to the U/Pb and Th/Pb ages calculated by Iolite’s U‐Pb geochronology DRS, VizualAge also calculates ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb ages and common Pb corrections for each time‐slice of raw data. Importantly, VizualAge allows one to display a live concordia diagram for visualising data on such a diagram as an integration interval is being adjusted. This provides instantaneous feedback regarding discordance, uncertainty, error correlation and common Pb. Several zircon data sets were used to illustrate how the live concordia could be used as a powerful inspection tool, revealing a single analysis to consist of zones of concordance, metamict areas, as well as inherited cores or younger overgrowths. VizualAge also constructs histograms, conventional and Tera‐Wasserburg type concordia diagrams, as well as 3D U‐Th‐Pb and total U‐Pb concordia diagrams. The precision and accuracy of data reduced with VizualAge are demonstrated with examples of the Ple?ovice, Temora‐2 and Penglai zircon reference materials. Data for zircon from the Long Lake Batholith (Wyoming craton) were used to illustrate how VizualAge calculated common Pb corrections and helped to expose as yet unexplained difficulties with accurately determining ²⁰⁴Pb.  相似文献   

Variations in sediment yield over the advance and retreat of a calving glacier, Laguna San Rafael, North Patagonian Icefield     

Michèle Koppes  Richard Sylwester  Bernard Hallet 《Quaternary Research》2010,73(1):84-95

Bathymetric and sub-bottom acoustic data were collected in Laguna San Rafael, Chile, to determine sediment yields during the Little Ice Age advance and subsequent retreat of San Rafael Glacier. The sediment volumes and subaqueous landforms imaged are used to interpret the proglacial dynamics and estimate erosion rates from a temperate tidewater glacier over a complete advance-retreat cycle. Sediment yields from San Rafael Glacier averaged 2.7 × 10⁷ m³/a since the end of the Little Ice Age, circa AD 1898, corresponding to average basin-wide erosion rates of 23 ± 9 mm/a; the highest erosion rates, 68 ± 23 mm/a, occurred at the start of the retreat phase, and have since been steadily decreasing. Erosion rates were much lower during glacial advance, averaging at most 7 mm/a, than during retreat. Such large glacial sediment yields over two centuries of advance and retreat suggest that the contribution of sediments stored subglacially cannot account for much of the sediment being delivered to the terminus today. The detailed sub-bottom information of a proglacial lagoon yields important clues as to the timing of erosion, deposition and transfer of glacigenic sediments from orogens to the continental shelves, and the influence of glacier dynamics on this process.  相似文献   

Presence of Anthropogenic Markers in Water: A Case Study of the Guaporé River Watershed,Brazil          下载免费PDF全文

Marilia Camotti Bastos  Danilo Rheinheimer dos Santos  José A. Monteiro de Castro Lima  Thibaut le Guet  Maria A. Santanna dos Santos  Renato Zanella  Elodie Aubertheau  Leslie Mondamert  Laurent Caner  Jérôme Labanowski 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2018,46(3)

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