Modelling the timing of plankton production and its effect on recruitment of cod (Gadus morhua)     

Brander  K. M.; Dickson  R. R.; Shepherd  J. G. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2001,58(5):962-966

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Imbalance in the carbonate budget of surficial sediments in the North Atlantic Ocean: variations over the last millenium?     

C. Rabouille  H. Stahl  F. Bassinot  A. Tengberg  J. Brunnegard  P. Hall  K. Kiriakoulakis  J. -L. Reyss  L. Dezileau  P. Crassous  P. Roos  R. S. Lampitt 《Progress in Oceanography》2001,50(1-4)

Fluxes contributing to the particulate carbonate system in deep-sea sediments were investigated at the BENGAL site in the Porcupine Abyssal Plain (Northeast Atlantic). Deposition fluxes were estimated using sediment traps at a nominal depth of 3000 m and amounted to 0.37±0.1 mmol C m⁻² d⁻¹. Dissolution of carbonate was determined using flux of total alkalinity from in situ benthic chambers, is 0.4±0.1 mmol C m⁻² d⁻¹. Burial of carbonate was calculated from data on the carbonate content of the sediment and sedimentation rates from a model age based on ¹⁴C dating on foraminifera (0.66±0.1 mmol C m⁻² d⁻¹). Burial plus dissolution was three times larger than particle deposition flux which indicates that steady-state is not achieved in these sediments. Mass balances for other components (BSi, ²¹⁰Pb), and calculations of the focusing factor using ²³⁰Th, show that lateral inputs play only a minor role in this imbalance. Decadal variations of annual particle fluxes are also within the uncertainty of our average. Long-term change in dissolution may contribute to the imbalance, but can not be the main reason because burial alone is greater than the input flux. The observed imbalance is thus the consequence of a large change of carbonate input flux which has occured in the recent past. A box model is used to check the response time of the solid carbonate system in these sediments and the time to reach a new steady-state is in the order of 3 kyr. Thus it is likely that the system has been perturbed recently and that large dissolution and burial rates reflect the previously larger particulate carbonate deposition rates. We estimate that particulate carbonate fluxes have certainly decreased by a factor of at least 3 and that this change has occurred during the last few centuries.  相似文献   

Numerical simulation of convective clouds developing in the atmosphere in emergency situations (explosions,fires)     

N. E. Veremei  Yu. A. Dovgalyuk  E. N. Stankova 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2007,43(6):731-744

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Distribution of the Neogene Utsira Sand and the succeeding deposits in the Viking Graben area, North Sea     

U. Gregersen  P.N. Johannessen 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2007,24(10):591-606

The sandy quartzose parts of the Utsira Formation, the Middle Miocene to mid Pliocene Utsira Sand, extends north–south along the Viking Graben near the UK/Norwegian median line for more than 450 km and 75–130 km east–west. The Utsira Sand is located in basin-restricted seismic depocentres, east of and below prograding sandy units from the Shetland Platform area with Hutton Sands. The Utsira Sand reaches thicknesses up to ca. 300 m in the southern depocentre and 200 m in the two northern depocentres with sedimentation rates up to 2–4 cm/ka. Succeeding Plio–Pleistocene is divided into seismic units, including Base Upper Pliocene, Shale Drape, Prograding Complex and Pleistocene. The units mainly consist of clay, but locally minor sands occur, especially at toes of prograding clinoforms (bottom-set sands) and in the Pleistocene parts, and the total thickness covering the Utsira Sand is in most places more than 800 m, but thins towards the margins.  相似文献   

Electronic atlas of the Russian Arctic coastal zone     

D. S. Drozdov  F. M. Rivkin  V. Rachold  G. V. Ananjeva-Malkova  N. V. Ivanova  I. V. Chehina  M. M. Koreisha  Yu. V. Korostelev  E. S. Melnikov 《Geo-Marine Letters》2005,25(2-3):81-88

A set of digital maps including geology, Quaternary sediments, landscapes, engineering-geological, vegetation, geocryological and the series of regional sources have been selected to characterize the Russian Arctic coast. Based on this data, new maps of engineering geocryological zoning and zoning of the coast with respect to the intensity of exogenous geological processes and risk of technogenic impacts have been generated at the scales of 1:4,000,000–1:8,000,000. These maps are a tool to assess the impact of industry on the Arctic coast of the country.  相似文献   

Hydrodynamic implications of large offshore mussel farms   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Plew  D.R. Stevens  C.L. Spigel  R.H. Hartstein  N.D. 《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》2005,30(1):95-108

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A forecast quality assessment of an end-to-end probabilistic multi-model seasonal forecast system using a malaria model     

ANDREW P. MORSE  FRANCISCO J. DOBLAS-REYES  MOSHE B. HOSHEN  RENATE HAGEDORN  TIM N. PALMER 《地球，A辑:动力气象学与海洋学》2005,57(3):464-475

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Record-breaking chemical destruction of ozone in the arctic during the winter of 2004/2005     

N. D. Tsvetkova  V. A. Yushkov  A. N. Luk’yanov  V. M. Dorokhov  H. Nakane 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2007,43(5):592-598

The extremely cold winter of 2004/2005 was accompanied by an intensive formation of polar stratospheric clouds and a significant chemical destruction of ozone. The results of calculating chemical losses of ozone in the polar cyclone from the SAGE-III satellite data are given. Over the period January 1–March 25, 2005, at the isentropic levels 450–500 K, about 60% of ozone was destroyed. During that winter, the zone of formation of polar stratospheric clouds went down to levels with very low values of potential temperature (down to 350 K), thus resulting in a noticeable destruction of ozone at low altitudes. By March 25, 2005, the chemical losses of total ozone attained 116 ± 10 DU (128 ± 10 DU at the cyclone boundary), which is a recordbreaking value of the Arctic.  相似文献   

Assessment of the impact of the planetary scale on the decay of blocking and the use of phase diagrams and enstrophy as a diagnostic     

A. R. Lupo  I. I. Mokhov  S. Dostoglou  A. R. Kunz  J. P. Burkhardt 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2007,43(1):45-51

It was shown that abrupt changes in the large-scale structure of atmospheric flows may lead to the rapid decay of blocking. Analysis of phase diagrams made it possible to identify when sharp changes occurred in the dynamics of the system. The connection of these changes to the decay of blocking was estimated for three blocking events in the Southern Hemisphere. In addition to phase diagrams, enstrophy was used as a diagnostic tool for the analysis of blocking events. From the results of this analysis, four scenarios for the decay mechanisms were determined: (i) decay with a lack of synoptic-scale support, (ii) decay with an active role for synoptic processes, and (iii–iv) either of these mechanisms in the interaction with an abrupt change in the character of the planetary-scale flow.  相似文献   

Determination of temperature and humidity of air,wind speed,and sensible and latent heat fluxes on the ocean surface according to the satellite data     

N. A. Timofeev  A. V. Yurovskii 《Physical Oceanography》2007,17(2):113-127

Formulas for the evaluation of temperature and humidity of air, wind speed, and sensible and latent heat fluxes on the ocean surface according to the satellite data on the sea-surface temperature and cloudiness are deduced on the basis of the analysis of many-year radiosonde, meteorological, shipborne, and satellite data. The proposed formulas can also be used for the interpretation of the results of remote sensing of the ocean and atmosphere by radiometers in the visible, infrared, and microwave regions. The transformations of radiation and sensible and latent heat fluxes are described depending on the sea-surface temperature for various cloudiness conditions. The computed values of the amount of water in the atmosphere agree with the radiosonde data obtained throughout the Earth, including the data of research vessels and stationary weather ships, as well as the data obtained in the ATEP test ranges and in the Arctic. __________ Translated from Morskoi Gidrofizicheskii Zhurnal, No. 2, pp. 56–70, March–April, 2007.  相似文献