全文获取类型
收费全文 | 581篇 |
免费 | 24篇 |
国内免费 | 15篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 6篇 |
大气科学 | 33篇 |
地球物理 | 161篇 |
地质学 | 143篇 |
海洋学 | 50篇 |
天文学 | 175篇 |
综合类 | 1篇 |
自然地理 | 51篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 8篇 |
2020年 | 8篇 |
2019年 | 10篇 |
2018年 | 13篇 |
2017年 | 9篇 |
2016年 | 9篇 |
2015年 | 17篇 |
2014年 | 18篇 |
2013年 | 24篇 |
2012年 | 28篇 |
2011年 | 24篇 |
2010年 | 22篇 |
2009年 | 36篇 |
2008年 | 17篇 |
2007年 | 31篇 |
2006年 | 29篇 |
2005年 | 17篇 |
2004年 | 19篇 |
2003年 | 21篇 |
2002年 | 30篇 |
2001年 | 11篇 |
2000年 | 5篇 |
1999年 | 15篇 |
1998年 | 16篇 |
1997年 | 7篇 |
1996年 | 7篇 |
1995年 | 9篇 |
1994年 | 4篇 |
1993年 | 10篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1987年 | 8篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 12篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 14篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 13篇 |
1975年 | 6篇 |
1974年 | 8篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
1972年 | 6篇 |
1971年 | 4篇 |
1970年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有620条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
611.
Ribbed mussels (Geukensia demissa) help form the basis of highly productive salt marshes along the Atlantic coast of North America, in southern New England, and further south. Little is known about their ecology and reproductive biology at more northern latitudes (Maritime Canada; >43o N). As a step in determining the sustainability of ribbed mussel populations near the northern limit of their range (Northumberland Strait, Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada), gametogenesis and spawning were monitored over 3 years (May–August 2012, June–November 2014, and April–October 2015) at four sites spanning ~100 km of coastline. These sites are typically ice-covered from mid-December to March or April. The onset of gametogenesis was later, the reproductive stages on any given date were more varied, and the reproductive season was shorter than for southern populations of ribbed mussels. Oocyte density and size did not vary among sites, indicating similar site-level processes, but did vary among years. Oocyte density and size varied greatly among mussels at a given site, and within a single gonad. This highlights the importance of individual variability, perhaps related to mussel location within a marsh, and the effects of nutrients and temperature on gonads. Accounting for the individual-level variability, reproductive output was estimated at ~105 oocytes per ripe female mussel, which is within the fecundity estimates for other marine bivalve broadcast spawners. 相似文献
612.
In this paper we summarize five experiments that were designed to investigate how tactile maps contribute to the cognitive maps of people with visual impairments. In two experiments we demonstrated that tactile maps can contribute to peoples' ability to learn a route through an unfamiliar area. From the results of two further studies, we argue that compared to people with sight, people with visual impairments have greater difficulty encoding information from a map. We considered this directly in a fifth experiment by investigating how people with visual impairments search and learn a map. We found that they used less efficient strategies than people with sight. We conclude that tactile maps are an important source of geographical information when people need to learn about new environments, but we also point out that to benefit most from tactile maps people need to encode the map information as effectively as possible. As people with visual impairments do not always use the most appropriate encoding strategies we suggest that tactile map users might benefit from greater experience and training in map encoding strategies. 相似文献
613.
614.
Ralph D. Lorenz Christopher P. McKay Jonathan I. Lunine 《Planetary and Space Science》1999,47(12):1503-1515
We develop a semiempirical grey radiative model to quantify Titan’s surface temperature as a function of pressure and composition of a nitrogen-methane-hydrogen atmosphere, solar flux and atmospheric haze. We then use this model, together with non-ideal gas-liquid equilibrium theory to investigate the behavior of the coupled surface-atmosphere system on Titan. We find that a volatile-rich Titan is unstable with respect to a runaway greenhouse—small increases in solar luminosity from the present value can lead to massive increases in surface temperature. If methane has been photolyzed throughout Titan’s history, then this runaway can only be avoided if the photolytic ethane is removed from the surface-atmosphere system. 相似文献
615.
Track nonlinear energy sinks (track NESs) have been shown to be an effective and applicable strategy to mitigate structural response in recent years. However, previous studies on track NESs has mainly focused on demonstrating the benefits of track NESs through numerical simulations and experiments, with relatively little attention paid to the analytical understanding of the unique dynamics of track NESs. This study analyzes the responses of a track NES when subjected to impulsive and harmonic excitations by the harmonic balance method. Special attention is given to the cause and effect of the peaking behavior that is a prominent characteristic of the track NES's restoring force–displacement relationship. Analytical results reveal that the special energy–frequency characteristics of track NESs can be, at times, utilized to enhance the energy robustness that is absent in the conventional cubic NESs. Based on the analytical response expression, an equivalent linearization method (ELM) for the track NESs is developed for stochastic analysis. This ELM is numerically validated on the systems with strong nonlinearities. Stochastic optimization built on the ELM is performed to obtain design parameters of the track NES that can lead to minimum response variances of the primary structure. In particular, the proposed optimization procedure can be applied to seismic optimum design in which the seismic excitations are modeled as filtered white-noise ground motions. The analytical techniques provided in this study lay the groundwork for the practical implementation of track NESs as a robust and effective control strategy for engineering structures. 相似文献
616.
The time-integration algorithm is an indispensable element to determine response of the boundary of the numerical as well as physical parts in a hybrid test. Instability of the time-integration algorithm may directly lead to failure of the test, so stability of an integration algorithm is particularly important for hybrid testing. The explicit algorithms are very popular in hybrid testing, because iteration is not needed. Many unconditionally stable explicit-algorithms have been proposed for hybrid testing. However, the stability analysis approaches used in all these methods are valid only for linear systems. In this paper, a uniform formulation for energy-consistent time integrations, which are unconditionally stable, is proposed for nonlinear systems. The solvability and accuracy are analyzed for typical energy-consistent algorithms. Some numerical examples and the results of a hybrid test are provided to validate the effectiveness of energy-consistent algorithms. 相似文献
617.
618.
Hannah H. Kaplan Ralph E. Milliken Conel M. O'D. Alexander Christopher D. K. Herd 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2019,54(5):1051-1068
Insoluble organic matter (IOM) is the major organic component of chondritic meteorites and may be akin to organic materials from comets and interplanetary dust particles (IDPs). Reflectance spectra of IOM in the range 0.35–25 μm are presented as a tool for interpreting organic chemistry from remote measurements of asteroids, comets, IDPs, and other planetary bodies. Absorptions in the IOM spectra were strongly related to elemental H/C (atom) ratio. The aliphatic 3.4 μm absorption in IOM spectra increased linearly in strength with increasing H/C for H/C > 0.4, but was absent at lower H/C values. When meteorite spectra from the Reflectance Experiment Laboratory (RELAB) spectral catalog (n = 85) were reanalyzed at 3.4 μm, this detection limit (H/C > 0.4) persisted. Aromatic absorption features seen in IOM spectra were not observed in the meteorite spectra due to overlapping absorptions. However, the 3.4 μm aliphatic absorption strength for the bulk meteorites was correlated with both H/C of the meteorite's IOM and bulk C (wt%). Gaussian modeling of the 3 μm region provided an additional estimate of bulk C for the meteorites, along with bulk H (wt%), which is related to phyllosilicate abundance. These relationships lay the foundation for determining organic and phyllosilicate abundances from reflectance spectra. Both the full IOM spectra and the spectral parameters discussed here will aid in the interpretation of data from asteroid missions (e.g., OSIRIS‐REx, Hayabusa2), and may be able to place unknown spectral samples within the context of the meteorite collection. 相似文献
619.
使用Casulli等(2000)的数值方法建立了基于正交非结构网格的U型渠道的三维近岸正压水动力数值模型,检验了模型使用ELM(Eulerian-Lagrangian Method)方法处理平流项时,物理流场的定义对模拟结果的作用。数值试验和结果分析说明,使用ELM方法计算平流项所需的物理流场对计算结果影响明显,而目前常用的两种物理流场定义方法都存在一定不足——水位计算值对流速变化的反映不灵敏或者会产生小扰动等。针对常用物理流场定义方法的不足之处,作者在Casulli方法的基础上利用对多边形切向流速分量进行平均的方法改进了物理流场定义,抑制了小扰动。 相似文献
620.