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71.
J.A. Caballero 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2007,328(9):917-927
Because of the intense brightness of the OB‐type multiple star system σ Ori, the low‐mass stellar and substellar populations close to the centre of the very young σ Orionis cluster is poorly know. I present an IJHKs survey in the cluster centre, able to detect from the massive early‐type stars down to cluster members below the deuterium burning mass limit. The near‐infrared and optical data have been complemented with X‐ray imaging. Ten objects have been found for the first time to display high‐energy emission. Previously known stars with clear spectroscopic youth indicators and/or X‐ray emission define a clear sequence in the I vs. I – Ks diagram. I have found six new candidate cluster members that follow this sequence. One of them, in the magnitude interval of the brown dwarfs in the cluster, displays X‐ray emission and a very red J – Ks colour, indicative of a disc. Other three low‐mass stars have excesses in the Ks band as well. The frequency of X‐ray emitters in the area is 80±20 %. The spatial density of stars is very high, of up to 1.6±0.1 arcmin–2. There is no indication of lower abundance of substellar objects in the cluster centre. Finally, I also report two cluster stars with X‐ray emission located at only 8000–11000 AU to σ Ori AB, two sources with peculiar colours and an object with X‐ray emission and near‐infrared magnitudes similar to those of previously‐known substellar objects in the cluster. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
72.
Germn Bayona Mauricio Baquero Catalina Ramírez Manuela Tabares Ana M. Salazar Giovanny Nova Edward Duarte Andrs Pardo Angelo Plata Carlos Jaramillo Guillermo Rodríguez Victor Caballero Agustín Cardona Camilo Montes Sebastin Gmez Marulanda Andrs L. Crdenas‐Rozo 《Basin Research》2021,33(1):809-845
The onset of deformation in the northern Andes is overprinted by subsequent stages of basin deformation, complicating the examination of competing models illustrating potential location of earliest synorogenic basins and uplifts. To establish the width of the earliest northern Andean orogen, we carried out field mapping, palynological dating, sedimentary, stratigraphic and provenance analyses in Campanian to lower Eocene units exposed in the northern Eastern Cordillera of Colombia (Cocuy region) and compare the results with coeval succession in adjacent basins. The onset of deformation is recorded in earliest Maastrichtian time, as terrigenous detritus arrived into the basin marking the end of chemical precipitation and the onset of clastic deposition produced by the uplift of a western source area dominated by shaly Cretaceous rocks. Disconformable contacts within the upper Maastrichtian to middle Palaeocene succession document increasing supply of quartzose sandy detritus from Cretaceous quartzose rocks exposed in eastern source areas. The continued unroofing of both source areas produced a rapid shift in depositional environments from shallow marine in Maastrichtian to fluvial‐lacustrine systems during the Palaeocene‐early Eocene. Supply of immature Jurassic sandstones from nearby western uplifts, together with localized plutonic and volcanic Cretaceous rocks, caused a shift in Palaeocene sandstones composition from quartzarenites to litharenites. Supply of detrital sandy fragments, unstable heavy minerals and Cretaceous to Ordovician detrital zircons, were derived from nearby uplifted blocks and from SW fluvial systems within the synorogenic basin, instead of distal basement rocks. The presence of volcanic rock fragments and 51–59 Ma volcanic zircons constrain magmatism within the basin. The Maastrichtian–Palaeocene sequence studied here documents crustal deformation that correlates with coeval deformation farther south in Ecuador and Peru. Slab flattening of the subducting Caribbean plate produced a wider orogen (>400 km) with a continental magmatic arc and intra‐basinal deformation and magmatism. 相似文献
73.
P.D. Roy M. Caballero R. Lozano B. Ortega S. Lozano T. Pi I. Israde O. Morton 《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2010,29(3):586-596
Stratigraphy, mineralogy, major and trace elements, organic carbon, carbonate, sulfate and AMS 14C dates are used to infer Late Quaternary depositional environments and paleo-hydrological conditions in the paleo-lake San Felipe located in the western part of Sonora Desert. Sediment stratigraphy divides the depth profile into aeolian and pluvio-lacustrine regimes. Aeolian regime is constrained to >44.5 14C kyr BP. The pluvio-lacustrine regime consists of two stratigraphic units with characteristic geochemical proxies indicating changing chemical weathering, clastic input, salinity and provenance and provides a measure of varying climatic conditions between ca. 37 and 3 14C kyr BP. Lower catchment erosion and inflow into the basin, higher lake productivity, precipitation of Na-sulfate mineral and higher clastic input from the proximal aeolian deposits during ca. 37–14 14C kyr BP are comparable to the regional registers of dominant winter rainfall related to westerly storm tracks and colder conditions. In the last 12 14C kyr BP, higher sedimentation and inflow and lower productivity are comparable to dominant summer rainfall. Higher humidity and lake productivity during ca. 37–29 14C kyr BP is possibly due to the position of westerly storm tracks at 31°N and the gradually reducing humidity till ca. 14 14C kyr BP is related to northerly migration of westerly storm tracks. Regional arid conditions during ca. 11 14C kyr BP and ca. 6 14C kyr BP are characterized by influx of coarser quartz and feldspars into the basin. 相似文献
74.
José A. Caballero † 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2008,383(2):750-754
The massive OB-type binary σ Ori AB is in the centre of the very young σ Orionis cluster. I have computed the most probable distances and masses of the binary for several ages using a dynamical parallax-like method. It incorporates the BVRIH -band apparent magnitudes of both components, precise orbital parameters, interstellar extinction and a widely used grid of stellar models from the literature, Kepler's third law and a χ2 minimization. The derived distance is 334+25 −22 pc for an age of 3 ± 2 Ma; larger ages and distances are unlikely. The masses of the primary and the secondary lie on the approximate intervals 16–20 and 10–12 M⊙ , respectively. I also discuss the possibility of σ Ori AB being a triple system at ∼ 385 pc. These results will help to constrain the properties of young stars and substellar objects in the σ Orionis cluster. 相似文献
75.
76.
J. A. Caballero 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2005,326(10):1007-1010
The nearby young σ Orionis cluster (∼360 pc, ∼3 Myr) is becoming one of the most important regions for the study of ultra low‐mass star formation and its extension down to the mass regimes of the brown dwarfs and planetarymass objects. Here, I introduce the σ Orionis cluster and present three studies that the JOVIAN group is developing: a pilot programme of near‐infrared adaptive‐optics imaging of stars of the cluster, intermediate‐resolution optical spectroscopy of a large sample of stars of the cluster and a study of the mass function down to the planetary‐mass domain. This paper is a summary of the content of four posters that I presented in the Ultra low‐mass star formation and evolution Workshop, as single author or on behalf of different collaborations. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
77.
L. Caballero J. L. Macías A. García-Palomo G. R. Saucedo L. Borselli D. Sarocchi J. M. Sánchez 《Natural Hazards》2006,39(1):103-126
In September 1998 tropical storm “Earl” swept southern Mexico, producing intense rainfall in the states of Oaxaca and Chiapas.
Among the most devastated cities was Motozintla, located in the drainage basin of the Allende, La Mina and Xelajú Grande Rivers.
The rainfall from the tropical storm totaled 175 mm on September 8 and 130 mm on September 9, duplicating in two days the
average monthly precipitation in the region. Numerous landslides occurred in the vicinity of Motozintla, depositing large
volumes of material into the Xelajú Grande stream. Much of this sediment was subsequently remobilized, yielding debris flows,
hyperconcentrated flows, and sediment-laden flows that inundated most sections of Motozintla city. The flows covered an approximate
area of 3.15 km2 with a minimum volume of 4.4 × 106 m3 of sediment. Communication of Motozintla with the rest of the Chiapas State was interrupted for about a month, as was the
supply of potable water, food, electricity, and fuel. The geologic record around Motozintla indicates that the Xelajú Grande
River has been a pathway for similar large floods during the last 6000 years. The oldest deposit yielded a radiocarbon age
of 5320 ± 100 14C years. B.P. At least two historic floods have occurred during the last 100 years, a time period defined by a stratigraphically
distinct tephra of 1902. Frequency analysis of the historical record of daily rainfall in the Motozintla area suggests that
events like that of September, 1998, have a recurrence interval of about 25 years. After the catastrophic flows of 1998, the
mitigation measures by Municipal Authorities were made without regard to geological and environmental factors, or to taking
into consideration the flow magnitude and appropriate hazard-mitigation techniques, with the result that Motozintla remains
at serious risk for future floods. Unfortunately, prior to the publication of this study, in early October 2005, Motozintla
was seriously damaged again by intense rain provoked by Hurricane Stan. 相似文献
78.
Marta Fernandez-Hernández Carlos Paredes Ricardo Castedo Miguel Llorente Rogelio de la Vega-Panizo 《Natural Hazards》2012,64(2):1247-1271
A semi-quantitative heuristic methodology is developed to map a rockfall detachment susceptibility zonation of El Hierro Island (Canary Archipelago). The rationalized procedure, which we called non-weighted bounded indicators, is based on overlapping thematic maps of conditioning factors to mass movement, which are appropriately and individually rescaled and then composed by addition to obtain a susceptibility numerical index through a GIS. As the consistency of the geomorphological analysis depends on the expert subjective criteria and the appropriate interpretation of the landscape, the use of this methodology reduces subjectivity and quantifies the degree of susceptibility. The main factors affecting the mass movement phenomena (rockfalls events), also recognized in the field and, therefore, considered in the presented GIS arrangement, are slope, profile curvature, lithology, vegetation cover and dykes density. To calculate the slope threshold or minimum angle characteristic of rockfall source areas, mixed Gaussian slope frequency decomposition is used. The curvature index reveals stepwise areas. Qualitative geomechanical characteristics are linked to a quantitative index according to a volcanic lithological-complexes classification. Both destabilization (root-wedging) and stabilization effects are considered into the vegetation cover index. The dyke density index incorporates the bearing rock capacity decrease produced in the halo around a dyke network intrusion. Slope, curvature and vegetation indexes thresholds have been fitted following field observations. A rockfall detachment susceptibility map is obtained and classified based on the histogram maxima. The rockfall inventory, based on rockfall events reported within the island, was used for the model validation. A 12?% of the whole island shows medium to very high susceptibility. 相似文献
79.
The currently adopted rainfall-based design flood estimation method in Australia, known as design event approach (DEA), has a flaw that is widely criticized by the hydrologists. The DEA is based on the assumption that a rainfall depth of a certain frequency can be transformed to a flood peak of the same frequency by adopting the ‘representative values’ of other model input variables, such as temporal patterns and losses. To overcome the limitation associated with the DEA, this paper develops stochastic model inputs to apply Monte Carlo simulation technique (MCST) for design flood estimation. This uses data from 86 pluviograph stations and six catchments from eastern New South Wales (NSW), Australia, to regionalize the distributions of various input variables (e.g., rainfall duration, inter-event duration, intensity and temporal patterns and loss and routing characteristics) to simulate thousands of flood hydrographs using a nonlinear runoff routing model. The regionalized stochastic inputs are then applied with the MCST to two catchments in eastern NSW. The results indicate that the developed MCST provide more accurate flood quantile estimates than the DEA for the two test catchments. The particular advantage of the new MCST and stochastic design input variables is that it reduces the subjectivity in the selection of model input values in flood modeling. The developed MCST can be adapted to other parts of Australia and other countries. 相似文献
80.
Alberto Flandes Harald Krüger Douglas P. Hamilton J. Francisco Valdés-Galicia Linda Spilker Rogelio Caballero 《Planetary and Space Science》2011,59(13):1455-1471
High speed dust streams emanating from near Jupiter were first discovered by the Ulysses spacecraft in 1992. Since then the phenomenon has been re-observed by Galileo in 1995, Cassini in 2000, and Ulysses in 2004. The dust grains are expected to be charged to a potential of , which is sufficient to allow the planet's magnetic field to accelerate them away from the planet, where they are subsequently influenced by the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). A similar phenomenon was observed near Saturn by Cassini. Here, we report and analyze simultaneous dust, IMF and solar wind data for all dust streams from the two Ulysses Jupiter flybys. We find that compression regions (CRs) in the IMF – regions of enhanced magnetic field – precede most dust streams. Furthermore, the duration of a dust stream is roughly comparable with that of the precedent CR, and the occurrence of a dust stream and the occurrence of the previous CR are separated by a time interval that depends on the distance to Jupiter. The intensity of the dust streams and their precedent CRs are also correlated, but this correlation is only evident at distances from the planet no greater than 2 AU. Combining these observations, we argue that CRs strongly affect dust streams, probably by deflecting dust grain trajectories, so that they can reach the spacecraft and be detected by its dust sensor. 相似文献