Saturn's electrostatic discharges: Could lightning be the cause?     

Joseph A. Burns  Mark R. Showalter  Jeffrey N. Cuzzi  Richard H. Durisen 《Icarus》1983,54(2):280-295

It is proposed that Saturn's electrostatic discharges (SED) might be generated in the planet's equatorial atmosphere, perhaps as lightning from a storm system. The 10^h10^m periodicity of the signal envelope duplicates that of Saturn's equatorial jet. The rings shield the atmosphere from solar EUV photons, and thereby substantially reduce the local ionospheric cutoff frequency to allow low-frequency SED to leak out. Many of the unusual properties of SED could be explained in terms of changes in the storm system, the relative spacecraft position in the beaming pattern of the source, local refraction of the signal by the highly disturbed ionosphere, and the influence of the ring particles on the highest frequency component of SED. A comparison of SED with planetary lightning on other planets shows that the two are similar in general character and some time behavior; the power output of SED may be higher than most planetary lightnings but that is unclear because of uncertainties in the measurements and variations in the signal's spectrum. Our simple discussion suggests that lightning could be a viable source for SED and that exotic ring mechanisms are not necessarily required.  相似文献   

Remarks on a vibronic origin for the diffuse band spectrum     

Nuth  Joseph A.  Donn  Bertram 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1984,103(2):353-356

We have demonstrated that the diffuse band spectrum could not originate as a series of vibronic transitions from atomic impurities in interstellar MgO grains as has recently been proposed since laboratory spectra of such materials show no evidence for such complex structure. Furthermore, recent observational evidence indicates that the extinction feature at 160 nm in the standard interstellar extinction curve upon which the identification of interstellar MgO was founded is actually the result of a calibration error in the original observational data.  相似文献   

Comments on David Hill's “A Survey of Global Understanding of American College Students”     

Joseph E. Schwartzberg 《The Professional geographer》1982,34(1):91-92

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Mars data analysis program special issue no. 2     

Joseph A. Burns 《Icarus》1981,45(2):263-274

An extended photometric time series in the J and K bands of Neptune has a complex appearance which appears to require the simultaneous presence of three periodicities plus related harmonics in the (J-K) color. The most apparent of the fundamental periods is N1 = 17.73 hr. The two others are at N2 = 18.56 and N3 = 18.29 hr and may be the result of amplitude modulation of a previously reported period of 18.42 hr. We interpret the presence of multiple periodicity as indicating that distinct systems of zonal winds exist on the planet. We argue that these wind systems are probably confined to moderate or high latitudes on the basis of recent omages of the planet taken in a spectral region of strong CH₄ absorption, and, by analogy to the zonal wind systems that exist in Jupiter's atmosphere, deduce a period of rotation for the body of the planet of 18.2 ± 0.4 hr. Zonal wind contrasts of up to 109 m sec^?1 are implied in the atmosphere of Neptune by these observations.  相似文献   

Specialty Fields of Applied Geographers     

Joseph A. Russell 《The Professional geographer》1983,35(4):471-475

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Colour contrasts of lunar grounds     

Adly Salama Asaad  Joseph Sidky Mikhail 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》1974,11(3-4):273-299

Four colour contrasts have been studied for 104 lunar regions between wavelengths 4000 Å and 8000 Å. Distinct colour differences are found. The greatest contrast between topographs occurs at longer wavelengths. The regional colour differences between the two short wavelengths 4035 Å and 5538 Å show a general trend of increasing reddening with age. For the other three colour differences \(\Delta (\tfrac{{{\text{4 7 6 5}}}}{{{\text{7 9 2 2}}}}), \Delta (\tfrac{{{\text{4 7 6 5}}}}{{{\text{6 6 9 2}}}}) and \Delta (\tfrac{{{\text{6 6 9 2}}}}{{{\text{7 9 2 2}}}})\) , a trend of variation with albedo is detected, and the less scatter on points for the colour differences above the wavelength 6000 Å.  相似文献   

Studies of unconsolidated sediments     

Earl Ingerson  Joseph L. Ramisch 《Mineralogy and Petrology》1954,4(1-4):117-124

Zusammenfassung Die Technik der Imprägnierung locker gefügter Sedimente mit Kunststoffen zur Herstellung orientierter Dünnschliffe für Gefügestudien wird beschrieben. Die Orientierung des Quarzgefüges von durch Wind- und Wasserwirkung gebildeten Rippelmarken wurde in dieser Weise untersucht und verglichen. Die durch Wasserströmungen gebildeten Rippel zeigen einen höheren Grad und einen etwas anderen Gesamtcharakter der Regelung. Die Unterschiede in der Größenverteilung der Quarzkörner in den beiden Arten von Rippelmarken gehen klar aus Mikrophotographien hervor.

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With 6 figures  相似文献   

Controlling incidental catch: An economic analysis of six management options     

Richard J. Marasco  Joseph M. Terry 《Marine Policy》1982,6(2):131-139

The authors identify a management approach to the problem of incidental catch and utilize that approach to evaluate six management options which are being considered to control incidental catch in the US fishery conservation zone of the Bering Sea. The evaluation is in terms of the ability of management to minimize the impact and control costs of incidental catch. The authors conclude that the use of economic disincentives tends to be preferable due to the inefficiencies and extensive information requirements of the alternative options.  相似文献   

A closed form slug test theory for high permeability aquifers   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Ostendorf DW  DeGroot DJ  Dunaj PJ  Jakubowski J 《Ground water》2005,43(1):87-101

We incorporate a linear estimate of casing friction into the analytical slug test theory of Springer and Gelhar (1991) for high permeability aquifers. The modified theory elucidates the influence of inertia and casing friction on consistent, closed form equations for the free surface, pressure, and velocity fluctuations for overdamped and underdamped conditions. A consistent, but small, correction for kinetic energy is included as well. A characteristic velocity linearizes the turbulent casing shear stress so that an analytical solution for attenuated, phase shifted pressure fluctuations fits a single parameter (damping frequency) to transducer data from any depth in the casing. Underdamped slug tests of 0.3, 0.6, and 1 m amplitudes at five transducer depths in a 5.1 cm diameter PVC well 21 m deep in the Plymouth-Carver Aquifer yield a consistent hydraulic conductivity of 1.5 x 10(-3) m/s. The Springer and Gelhar (1991) model underestimates the hydraulic conductivity for these tests by as much as 25% by improperly ascribing smooth turbulent casing friction to the aquifer. The match point normalization of Butler (1998) agrees with our fitted hydraulic conductivity, however, when friction is included in the damping frequency. Zurbuchen et al. (2002) use a numerical model to establish a similar sensitivity of hydraulic conductivity to nonlinear casing friction.  相似文献   

Use of composite data sets for source-tracking enterococci in the water column and shoreline interstitial waters on Pensacola Beach, Florida     

Genthner FJ  James JB  Yates DF  Friedman SD 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,50(7):724-732

Sources of Enterococcus faecalis isolates from Pensacola Beach, FL. were identified using a library-based approach by applying the statistical method of average similarity to single and composite data sets generated from separate analyses. Data sets included antibiotic resistance analysis (ARA), rep-fingerprints, and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles. Use of a composite data set composed of ARA and rep-fingerprints, added to the confidence of the identifications. The addition of FAME data to composite data sets did not add to the confidence of identifications. Source identification was performed to better understand risk associated with higher densities of enterococci found in swash zone interstitial water (SZIW) as compared to adjacent bathing water on Pensacola Beach, FL. The "swash zone" is that area of the beach continually washed over by waves. As the potential sources of enterococci were limited in this environment, only two library units, sea gull and human, were constructed. Identification of the beach isolates using a composite data set indicated a sea gull origin. The clonality of the beach isolates suggested that the beach environment selects certain subspecies of E. faecalis.  相似文献