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Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
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Marta Burgay Nanda Rea GianLuca Israel Andrea Possenti Luciano Burderi Tiziana Di Salvo Nichi D’Amico Luigi Stella Elisa Nichelli 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2007,308(1-4):531-534
We have performed deep searches for radio pulsations from four southern anomalous X-ray pulsars (AXPs) to investigate their
physical nature in comparison with the rotation powered pulsars. The data were acquired using the Parkes radio telescope with
the 1.4 GHz multibeam receiver. No pulsed emission with periodicity matching the X-ray ephemeris have been found in the observed
targets down to a limit of ∼0.1 mJy. A blind search has also been performed on all the 13 beams of the multibeam receiver
(the central beam being pointed on the target AXP), leading to the serendipitous discovery of two new radio pulsars and to
the further detection of 18 pulsars. Also a search for single dispersed pulses has been performed in the aim to detect signals
similar to those of the recently discovered rotating radio transients.
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Two classes of high-energy sources, the Soft Gamma Repeaters and the Anomalous X-ray Pulsars are believed to contain slowly spinning “magnetars,” i.e. neutron stars the emission of which derives from the release of energy from their extremely strong magnetic fields (>1015 G). The enormous energy liberated in the 2004 December 27 giant flare from SGR 1806-20 (~5×1046 erg), together with the likely recurrence time of such events, points to an internal magnetic field strength of ≥1016 G. Such strong fields are expected to be generated by a coherent α?Ω dynamo in the early seconds after the Neutron Star (NS) formation, if its spin period is of a few milliseconds at most. A substantial deformation of the NS is caused by such fields and, provided the deformation axis is offset from the spin axis, a newborn millisecond-spinning magnetar would thus radiate for a few days a strong gravitational wave signal the frequency of which (~0.5–2 kHz range) decreases in time. This signal could be detected with Advanced LIGO-class detectors up to the distance of the Virgo cluster, where ≥1 yr?1 magnetars are expected to form. Recent X-ray observations revealed that SNRs around magnetar candidates do not appear to have received a larger energy input than in standard SNRs (see Vink and Kuiper, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 319, L14 (2006)). This is at variance with what would be expected if the spin energy of the young, millisecond NS were radiated away as electromagnetic radiation and/or relativistic particle winds. In fact, such energy would be transferred quickly and efficiently to the expanding gas shell. This may thus suggest that magnetars did not form with the expected very fast initial spin. We show here that these findings can be reconciled with the idea of magnetars being formed with fast spins, if most of their initial spin energy is radiated through GWs. In particular, we find that this occurs for essentially the same parameter range that would make such objects detectable by Advanced LIGO-class detectors up to the Virgo Cluster. If our argument holds for at least a fraction of newly formed magnetars, then these objects constitute a promising new class of gravitational wave emitters. 相似文献
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Mafic volcanism of Paleocene age was recently reported in the Valle del Cura region and the El Indio Belt in the aphanitic and very homogenous well-preserved lavas flows of the Río Frío Basalts unit. These are high-K basalts, with high Fe2O3 and TiO2 contents that imply an alkaline tendency and show typical intraplate-type patterns on a MORB normalized trace elements plot. Sr and Nd isotopic ratios evidence a mantle affinity. The chemistry indicates that these rocks are high temperature melts that result from a low degree of melting of an enriched portion of lithospheric mantle, with no contamination from crustal derived components. The alkaline back-arc Las Máquinas Basalts of Lower Miocene age are derived from more primitive magmas closer to the original source. Mantle composition was relatively constant from Paleocene to Lower Miocene in the studied latitudes over the Pampean flat-slab. Both mafic units share the isotopic trend of pre-Miocene mafic lavas from the Central Andes that were not affected by crustal contamination. Post-Miocene mafic lavas show a strong influence from crust-related processes. 相似文献
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Evidence from Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 lunar samples indicates that particle radiation is not important for the production of grains in the lunar soil greater than 22 microns in size even though sufficiently prolonged irradiations by protons, heavy ions and electrons fracture minerals and glasses like those found on the lunar surface. 相似文献
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Energy input-output climates of the world: A preliminary attempt 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1