An appraisal of Indonesia’s immense peat carbon stock using national peatland maps: uncertainties and potential losses from conversion     

Matthew Warren  Kristell Hergoualc’h  J. Boone Kauffman  Daniel Murdiyarso  Randall Kolka 《Carbon balance and management》2017,12(1):12

  相似文献   

Biologic and geologic characteristics of cold seeps in Monterey Bay, California     

James P. Barry  H. Gary Greene  Daniel L. Orange  Charles H. Baxter  Bruce H. Robison  Randall E. Kochevar  James W. Nybakken  Donald L. R  Cecilia M. McHugh 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》1996,43(11-12)

Cold seep communities discovered at three previously unknown sites between 600 and 1000 m in Monterey Bay, California, are dominated by chemoautotrophic bacteria (Beggiatoa sp.) and vesicomyid clams (5 sp.). Other seep-associated fauna included galatheid crabs (Munidopsis sp.), vestimentiferan worms (Lamellibrachia barhami?), solemyid clams (Solemya sp.), columbellid snails (Mitrella permodesta, Amphissa sp.), and pyropeltid limpets (Pyropelta sp.). More than 50 species of regional (i.e. non-seep) benthic fauna were also observed at seeps. Ratios of stable carbon isotopes (δ¹³C) in clam tissues near 36‰ indicate sulfur-oxidizing chemosynthetic production, rather than non-seep food sources, as their principal trophic pathway. The “Mt Crushmore” cold seep site is located in a vertically faulted and fractured region of the Pliocene Purisima Formation along the walls of Monterey Canyon ( 635 m), where seepage appears to derive from sulfide-rich fluids within the Purisima Formation. The “Clam Field” cold seep site, also in Monterey Canyon ( 900 m) is located near outcrops in the hydrocarbon-bearing Monterey Formation. Chemosynthetic communities were also found at an accretionary-like prism on the continental slope near 1000 m depth (Clam Flat site). Fluid flow at the “Clam Flat” site is thought to represent dewatering of accretionary sediments by tectonic compression, or hydrocarbon formation at depth, or both. Sulfide levels in pore waters were low at Mt Crushmore (ca 0.2 mM), and high at the two deeper sites (ca 7.011.0 mM). Methane was not detected at the Mt Crushmore site, but ranged from 0.06 to 2.0 mM at the other sites.  相似文献   

Possible solutions to some challenges facing fisheries scientists and managers   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

Peterman  Randall M. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2004,61(8):1331-1343

  相似文献   

Laser doppler anemometer measurements of irregular water wave kinematics     

R.E. Randall  Jun Zhang  J.K. Longridge 《Ocean Engineering》1993,20(6)

The location of offshore structures for the purpose of recovering deep water resources has provided the impetus to more accurately predict forces acting on the structure so that costs can be minimized while the structure can safely withstand environmental forces. Accurate prediction of wave kinematics is a vital step in the more accurate prediction of environmental forces. In this study, a laser Doppler anemometer is used to measure the horizontal velocity under the largest wave occurring in an irregular sea generated in a laboratory wave tank. Specifically, JONSWAP and Pierson-Moskowitz wave spectra were generated in the wave tank and the horizontal velocity was measured at locations both above and below the still water level beneath the wave crest. The laboratory measured velocity values tend to lie between those predicted by linear extrapolation and Wheeler stretching. The results are not consistently predicted by either of the stretching methods, and therefore, it is not known which method will give a more accurate prediction before the data are measured.  相似文献   

Lower Cretaceous micropalaeontology of the Fastnet Basin, offshore south-west Ireland     

Nigel R. Ainsworth  Nicola F. Horton  Randall A. Penney 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》1985,2(4):341-349

The Lower Cretaceous sediments of the Fastnet Basin display similarities to the succession in Britain. The continental Wealden facies is succeeded by a series of marine and marginal marine sediments which reflect the transgression which culminated in the Cenomanian as the chalk seas of the Upper Cretaceous. Some of the changes seen within the microfaunas and microfloras through the Lower Cretaceous are a reflection of the transient facies, and are diachronous across the basin. The microfaunal and palynological associations are described, and the approximate age of each association is based on species ranges reported from onshore Europe and Britain.In some areas, there were local differences in the micropalaeontological associations, in particular in the early Aptian to the late Barremian of well 63/10-1.  相似文献   

Spatial conflicts in New Zealand fisheries: The rights of fishers and protection of the marine environment     

Randall Bess  Ramana Rallapudi 《Marine Policy》2007,31(6):719-729

New Zealand fisheries legislation provides commercial fishing rights to holders of individual transferable quota (ITQ). The settlement of fisheries claims against the Crown by Mäori, New Zealand's indigenous people, brought about the transfer of ITQ holdings to Mäori, and an obligation on the Crown to recognise and provide for indigenous (customary) fishing rights over fishing grounds and other areas that have been of special significance to Mäori. Some types of customary fishing areas exclude commercial fishing and could affect recreational fishing. Fisheries legislation requires that regulatory measures be put in place to avoid, remedy or mitigate the adverse effects of fishing. The Government also aims to protect marine biodiversity by having 10% of New Zealand waters in some form of protection by 2010. The legislative processes for protecting the marine environment and establishing customary fishing areas include assessment of effects on fishing rights. This paper explores the conflicts that arise from legislative obligations to uphold the rights of fishers, to sustain fishstocks and to protect the marine environment. The paper concludes that inconsistent legislative obligations and their disparate processes have led to spatial conflicts and a race for the allocation of space. Legislative obligations need to be integrated to maintain a balance between use of fisheries resources and protection of the marine environment.  相似文献   

The effect of nonlinear multi-contact coupling with gap between risers and guide frames on global spar motion analysis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

B. J. Koo  M. H. Kim  R. E. Randall 《Ocean Engineering》2004,31(11-12):1469-1502

Nonlinear multi-contact coupling between vertical risers and guide frames inside the spar moon-pool is studied. The existing numerical model for hull/mooring/riser coupled dynamics analysis treats riser as an elastic rod truncated at the keel (truncated riser model), and the risers are free to slide in vertical direction with constant tension, while restricted in horizontal direction. The truncated riser model neglects the portion of the riser inside the moon-pool and tends to overestimate the spar pitch motion. In the newly developed model, the risers are extended through the moon-pool with realistic boundary conditions at multiple guide frames, and thus additional contact forces and moments on the spar hull are considered. The gap effects between the riser buoyancy-cans and riser guide frames are also modeled using three different types of gap springs. Their different dynamic characteristics are extensively studied. The new riser model also considers the Coulomb damping between buoyancy-cans and riser guide frames and also allows the impact-like contact force calculation on risers for ensuring fatigue analysis.  相似文献   

Uptake rate and efficiency of uptake of hexachlorobenzene from water and sediment by tellinid clam, Macoma nasuta     

B.L. Boese  H. Lee II  D.T. Specht  R.C. Randall 《Marine environmental research》1988,24(1-4)

  相似文献   

Latitudinal Trends and Drivers in the CO2–Carbonic Acid System of Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument     

Andrea K. Kealoha  Samuel E. Kahng  Fred T. Mackenzie  Simone R. Alin  Randall K. Kosaki  Russell E. Brainard  Christopher D. Winn 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2015,21(6):535-553

  相似文献   

Public management in New Zealand and its effect on institutional arrangements for managing fisheries     

Randall Bess 《Marine Policy》2012,36(2):550-558

In the last few decades Western democracies, predominately those of British origin, have debated vigorously about how to improve public management performance. These debates have created an influx of new ideas and initiatives regarding the concept and practise of public management. New Zealand implemented public management reform further and faster than most other nations. At the same time, New Zealand implemented sweeping reforms to the management of fisheries, which led to the quota management system based on the allocation of individual transferable quota. This article briefly outlines the history of changes in New Zealand's public management system and the effect these changes have had on institutional arrangements for managing fisheries. Each institutional arrangement has been devised to accommodate the priorities and policies of the government of the day, spanning the Marine Department established in 1866 to recent structural changes made to the Ministry of Fisheries. The recent structural changes have placed greater emphasis on governance to improve performance, but have also led to substantial losses of in-house experience and institutional knowledge. This article contributes to the broader discussion about whether structural changes provide measureable benefits or the most cost effective way to deliver improvements in performance.  相似文献