Imag(in)ing Everyday Geographies: A case study of Andrew Buckles’ Why Wait? Project     

Jin-Kyu Jung  Ted Hiebert 《GeoJournal》2016,81(4):597-614

This article introduces an interdisciplinary collaboration that brings together sympathetic trends in qualitative geographic visualization (from the perspective of one author who is a geographer) and contemporary generative artistic practices (from the perspective of the other author, who is an artist and theorist)—attempting to represent a diverse array of creative and multi-modal data through generative and participatory digital methods. We present how this convergence expands categories of meaning, allowing us to explore experiential/embodied as well as creative/imaginative engagements with everyday geographies distinct to a digital age. The article mediates on the idea of mapping the imagination and the ways we imagine quotidian spaces, as well as possibilities for new methods for the analysis and representation of spatial and emotional complexity. We particularly explore strategies of integrating multiple technologies and multiple-modes of representation for mapping and re-mapping complexities of social and creative living in order to help provide alternate ways to imagine, represent and engage different forms of embodied and imaginative geographies. This article presents a case study with the artist Andrew Buckles, in Seattle, Washington, correlating representational and participatory digital data including geospatial, temporal, audio, video as well as electroencephalography readings from brainwave sensors.  相似文献   

Primary production, plant and detrital biomass, and particle transport in the Columbia River Estuary     

Lawrence F. Small  C.David McIntire  Keith B. MacDonald  J.Ruben Lara-Lara  Bruce E. Frey  Michael C. Amspoker  Ted Winfield 《Progress in Oceanography》1990,25(1-4)

The dynamics of primary production and particulate detritus cycling in the Columbia River Estuary are described, with particular reference to mechanisms that account for patterns within the water column, on the tidal flats, and in the adjacent wetlands. Analysis of patterns in phytoplankton flora and biomass and in distribution of detrital particulate organic matter (DPOC) in the water column indicated that salinities of 1–5 delineated an essentially freshwater flora from a marine or euryhaline flora, and that living phytoplankton was converted to DPOC at the freshwater-brackishwater interface. Similarly, the benthic diatom assemblages on tidal flats reflected either the fresh or the brackish nature of the water inundating the flats. Emergent vascular plants were grouped into six associations by cluster analysis, the associations being separated mainly on the bases of different relative abundances of freshwater, euryhaline or brackishwater species, and on whether samples occurred in high or low marsh areas.Annual rates of net areal 24-hr production averaged 55, 16, and 403gC m⁻²y⁻¹ for phytoplankton, benthic algae, and emergent vascular vegetation, respectively. Total production over the whole estuary was 17,667 metric tons C y⁻¹ for phytoplankton, 1,545mt C y⁻¹ for benthic algae, and 11,325mt C y⁻¹ for emergent vascular plants, for a grand total to 30,537mt C y⁻¹. Phytoplankton biomass turned over approximately 39 times per year on average, while benthic algae turned over about twice and emergent plants once per year.Budgets for phytoplankton carbon (PPOC) and DPOC were developed based on PPOC and DPOC import and export, grazing loss, and in situ production and conversion of PPOC to DPOC. It is suggested that 36,205mt y⁻¹ of PPOC is converted to DPOC in the estuary, principally at the freshwater-brackishwater interface. About 40,560mt y⁻¹ of PPOC is exported to the ocean, and 159,185mt y⁻¹ of DPOC is transported into the marine zone of the estuary (no data are available on DPOC export to the ocean). Thus, the estuary acts principally as a conduit for the transport of particles to the sea, and only secondarily as a converter of viable phytoplankton cells to detrital carbon and as a trap for DPOC.  相似文献   

The effect of wind averaging time on wind erosivity estimation     

Zhongling Guo  Ted M. Zobeck  John E. Stout  Keli Zhang 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2012,37(7):797-802

The Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS) and Revised Wind Erosion Equation (RWEQ) are widely used for estimating wind‐induced soil erosion at a field scale. Wind is the principal erosion driver in the two models. Wind erosivity, which describes the capacity of wind to cause soil erosion, is defined as erosive wind power density (WPD) in WEPS, and wind value (W) in RWEQ. In this study, the daily average WPD (AWPD) and the daily average W (Wf) were chosen to investigate the effect of averaging time on wind erosivity estimation based on observed wind data. We compare the daily AWPD and Wf calculated from 1, 5, 10, 15, 30, and 60 minute average wind speed data. The results of comparisons indicate that averaging wind speed can significantly influence estimates of wind erosivity. Compared with the daily AWPD and Wf calculated from one minute average wind speed data, all daily AWPD and Wf values calculated from 5, 10, 15, 30, and 60 minute averaged wind speeds tend to be significantly lower than values calculated from one minute values. In general, longer averaging times tend to produce smaller values of daily AWPD or Wf, which may lead to an under‐estimation of wind erosion. Further studies are needed to extend and apply the findings obtained in this study to actual wind erosion predictions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Comparison of different mass transport calculation methods for wind erosion quantification purposes   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Juan E. Panebianco  Daniel E. Buschiazzo  Ted M. Zobeck 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2010,35(13):1548-1555

Quantitative estimation of the material transported by the wind under field conditions is essential for the study and control of wind erosion. A critical step of this calculation is the integration of the curve that relates the variation of the amount of the material carried by the wind with height. Several mathematical procedures have been proposed for this calculation, but results are scarce and controversial. One objective of this study was to assess the efficiency of three mathematical models (a rational, an exponential, and a simplified Gaussian function) for the calculation of the mass transport, as compared to the linear spline interpolation. Another objective of this study was to compare the mass transport calculated from field measurements obtained from a minimum of three discrete sampling heights with measurements of nine sampling heights. With this purpose, wind erosion was measured under low surface roughness conditions on an Entic Haplustoll during 25 events. The rational function was found to be mathematically limited for the estimation of wind eroded sediment mass flux. The simplified Gaussian model did not fit to the vertical mass flux profile data. Linear spline interpolation generally produced higher mass transport estimates than the exponential equation, and it proved to be a very flexible and robust method. Using different sampling arrangements and different mass flux models can produce differences of more than 45% in mass transport estimates, even under similar field conditions. Under the conditions of this study, at least three points between the soil surface and 1·5 m high, including one point as closest as possible to the surface, should be sampled in order to obtain accurate mass transport estimates. Additionally, the linear spline interpolation and the non‐linear regression using an exponential model, proved to be mathematically reliable methods for calculating the mass transport. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Spatially-averaged oscillatory flow over a rough bed     

Stephen E. Coleman  Vladimir I. Nikora  Ted Schlicke 《Acta Geophysica》2008,56(3):698-733

A rigorous framework involving flow decomposition and averaging is presented, within which the mechanics of rough-(e.g., rippled-) bed oscillatory flows can be better interpreted and understood. Spatiallyaveraged equations for conservation of fluid mass and momentum are developed for analyses of rapidly-changing bed conditions, e.g., for growing ripples. Where repeated observations of the changing bed conditions are available, the ensemble and spatially-averaged versions of these equations can be used for more detailed analyses of the flow dynamics. The double-averaged (in space and phase or time) equations of mass and momentum conservation are shown to be appropriate for analyses of flows over fixed rough beds and equilibrium ripples. The value of the present framework is highlighted herein by its application to PIV-measured oscillatory-flow velocities, stresses and vorticities over growing and equilibrium wave-induced intermediate-depth orbital-vortex ripples. In particular, discussions are provided regarding the mechanisms by which gravity-induced and pressure-gradient-induced momentum is transferred to the bed, with the analysis framework naturally and explicitly including the combination of the full range of fluid stresses and boundary form and skin friction drag that is important in defining the flow mechanics.  相似文献   

GSTARS computer models and their applications, part I： theoretical development   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Chih Ted YANG  Francisco J. M. SIMES Borland Prof. of Water Resources  Director of Hydroscience  Training Center  Department of Civil  Environmental Engineering  Colorado State University  Fort Collins  CO -  U. S. A.  Research Hydrologist  US Geological Survey  Geomorphology  Sediment Transport Laboratory  Technology Drive  Suite  Golden  CO  U. S. A. 《国际泥沙研究》2008,23(3):197-211

GSTARS is a series of computer models developed by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation for alluvial river and reservoir sedimentation studies while the authors were employed by that agency. The first version of GSTARS was released in 1986 using Fortran IV for mainframe computers. GSTARS 2.0 was released in 1998 for personal computer application with most of the code in the original GSTARS revised, improved, and expanded using Fortran IV/77. GSTARS 2.1 is an improved and revised GSTARS 2.0 with graphical user interface. The unique features of all GSTARS models are the conjunctive use of the stream tube concept and of the minimum stream power theory. The application of minimum stream power theory allows the determination of optimum channel geometry with variable channel width and cross-sectional shape. The use of the stream tube concept enables the simulation of river hydraulics using one-dimensional numerical solutions to obtain a semi-two- dimensional presentation of the hydraulic conditions along and across an alluvial channel. According to the stream tube concept, no water or sediment particles can cross the walls of stream tubes, which is valid for many natural rivers. At and near sharp bends, however, sediment particles may cross the boundaries of stream tubes. GSTARS3, based on FORTRAN 90/95, addresses this phenomenon and further expands the capabilities of GSTARS 2.1 for cohesive and non-cohesive sediment transport in rivers and reservoirs. This paper presents the concepts, methods, and techniques used to develop the GSTARS series of computer models, especially GSTARS3.  相似文献   

A two-parameter Weibull function to describe airborne dust particle size distributions     

Ted M. Zobeck  Thomas E. Gill  Thomas W. Popham 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1999,24(10):943-955

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Carbon isotopes in mollusk shell carbonates     

Ted A. McConnaughey  David Paul Gillikin 《Geo-Marine Letters》2008,28(5-6):287-299

Mollusk shells contain many isotopic clues about calcification physiology and environmental conditions at the time of shell formation. In this review, we use both published and unpublished data to discuss carbon isotopes in both bivalve and gastropod shell carbonates. Land snails construct their shells mainly from respired CO₂, and shell δ¹³C reflects the local mix of C3 and C4 plants consumed. Shell δ¹³C is typically >10‰ heavier than diet, probably because respiratory gas exchange discards CO₂, and retains the isotopically heavier HCO₃ ^?. Respired CO₂ contributes less to the shells of aquatic mollusks, because CO₂/O₂ ratios are usually higher in water than in air, leading to more replacement of respired CO₂ by environmental CO₂. Fluid exchange with the environment also brings additional dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) into the calcification site. Shell δ¹³C is typically a few ‰ lower than ambient DIC, and often decreases with age. Shell δ¹³C retains clues about processes such as ecosystem metabolism and estuarine mixing. Ca²⁺ ATPase-based models of calcification physiology developed for corals and algae likely apply to mollusks, too, but lower pH and carbonic anhydrase at the calcification site probably suppress kinetic isotope effects. Carbon isotopes in biogenic carbonates are clearly complex, but cautious interpretation can provide a wealth of information, especially after vital effects are better understood.  相似文献   

Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and striped mullet (Mugil cephalus) as vectors of contaminants to human consumers in northwest Florida     

Natalie K. Karouna-Renier  Richard A. Snyder  Ted Lange  Suzanne Gibson  Jeffrey G. Allison  Matthew E. Wagner  K. Ranga Rao 《Marine environmental research》2011,72(3):96-104

The health benefits of regular consumption of fish and seafood have been espoused for many years. However, fish are also a potential source of environmental contaminants that have well known adverse effects on human health. We investigated the consumption risks for largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides; n = 104) and striped mullet (Mugil cephalus; n = 170), two commonly harvested and consumed fish species inhabiting fresh and estuarine waters in northwest Florida. Skinless fillets were analyzed for total mercury, inorganic arsenic, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/F), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and organochlorine pesticides. Contaminant levels were compared to screening values (SV) calculated using U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommendations for establishing consumption advisories. Largemouth bass were found to contain high levels of total mercury at all sampling locations (0.37–0.89 ug/g) and one location exhibited elevated total PCBs (39.4 ng/g). All of the samples exceeded Florida fish consumption advisory trigger levels for total mercury and one location exceeded the U.S. EPA SV for total PCBs. As a result of the high mercury levels, the non-cancer health risks (hazard index–HI) for bass were above 1 for all locations. Striped mullet from several locations with known point sources contained elevated levels of PCBs (overall range 3.4–59.3 ng/g). However, total mercury levels in mullet were low. Eight of the 16 mullet sampling locations exceeded the U.S. EPA SV for total PCBs and two locations exceeded an HI of 1 due to elevated PCBs. Despite the elevated levels of total PCBs in some samples, only two locations exceeded the acceptable cancer risk range and therefore cancer health risks from consumption of bass and mullet were determined to be low at most sampling locations.  相似文献   

Achieving sub electron noise in CCD systems by means of digital filtering techniques that lower 1/f pixel correlated noise     

Gustavo Indalecio Cancelo  Juan Cruz Estrada  Guillermo Fernandez Moroni  Ken Treptow  Ted Zmuda  H. Thomas Diehl 《Experimental Astronomy》2012,34(1):13-29

Scientific CCDs designed in thick high resistivity silicon (Si) are excellent detectors for astronomy, high energy and nuclear physics, and instrumentation. Many applications can benefit from CCDs ultra low noise readout systems. The present work shows how sub electron noise CCD images can be achieved using digital signal processing techniques. These techniques allow 0.4 electrons of noise at readout bandwidths of up to 10?Kpixels per second while keeping the full CCD spatial resolution and signal dynamic range.  相似文献