基于卷积神经网络的井中分布式光纤传感器地震数据随机噪声压制新技术     

董新桐  李月  刘飞  冯黔堃  钟铁 《地球物理学报》2021,64(7):2554-2565

分布式光纤传感器(distributed fiber-optical acoustic sensor,DAS)是一种快速发展的具有巨大应用前景的地震勘探检波器技术.实际DAS地震资料往往会受到大量强能量随机噪声的干扰,通常表现为低信噪比(signal-to-noise ratio,SNR).这一现象给接下来的成像、反演以及解释带来了巨大的困难,因此如何压制DAS地震资料中的随机噪声并提高其SNR成为一个有待解决的技术问题.卷积神经网络(convolutional neural network,CNN)已经被证明是一种有效的噪声压制工具.通常情况下,CNN需要一个理论纯净地震数据集来优化网络,这极大地限制了CNN在DAS地震资料处理中的应用.在本文中,我们采用正演模拟的方法来构建理论纯净DAS地震数据集,通过正演模型的参数多样化增强数据集的真实性,从而获得适合DAS地震资料随机噪声压制的CNN去噪模型.此外,在网络结构方面,我们利用泄漏线性整流单元作为CNN的激活函数增强训练后模型对微弱有效信号的恢复能力;在训练过程中,通过能量比矩阵调节噪声片和有效信号片之间的SNR,增强CNN去噪模型对于不同SNR的DAS地震数据的适应性.模拟和实际实验均表明本文提出的这种正演模型驱动的卷积神经网络(forward-model-actuation convolutional neural network,FMA-CNN)能够有效地压制DAS随机噪声同时完整地恢复有效信号.  相似文献   

The formation of runoff-generated debris flow in Southwestern of China: take Gangou as an example   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Yong Bo Tie  Ru Ge Xu  Ren Ji Ba 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,72(5):1479-1490

In the mountain area of Southwestern China, there are large quantities of runoff-generated debris flows that are threatening the local people and facilities seriously. Gangou is a typical runoff-generated debris flow; its source is old deposit from floods and the debris flows downstream of the channel. On June 30, 2005, Gangou occurred debris flow, the debris flow destroying the road, the communications facilities and the farmland at the gully mouth. Unlike the formation mechanisms of other debris flows, the formation of 2005 debris flow in Gangou has its distinctive characteristics as follows. (1) The supply of the loose sources is intensive and distribute near the mouth of the gully; it is rare to see any debris flow initiate at such a lower location. (2) The debris flow finishes its initiation, flow and deposition around the 700-m-long channel, accompanied with the blocking process in the gully when the debris flow ran out; however, 10 min later, it releases and amplifies the peak flow about three times. (3) The topographic condition of the basin does not contribute much to the formation of the 2005 debris flow; instead, its formation is the result of the co-effort of continuous rainfall and a short-time heavy rainfall. In other words, the previous cumulative precipitation enables the moisture content of the soil on the right bank of the gully to reach saturation; then the soil slides into the channel under the action of the heavy rainfall at a later time. Meanwhile, the heavy rainfall accelerates the formation of gully run-off and initiates the loose mass in the channel from slide, thus forming the debris flow.  相似文献   

不锈钢内衬技术在江阴市供水管网改造中的应用     

铁铸  王成全  张平涛 《岩土钻凿工程》2014,(2):97-99,103

本文结合不锈钢内衬技术在江阴市玻璃钢供水管道改造中的应用,介绍了不锈钢内衬玻璃钢管施工工艺流程和施工技术措施,分析了不锈钢内衬施工效果和优势。展望了不锈钢内衬技术在城市供水管网改造中的应用前景。  相似文献   

小波变换在位场资料去噪和位场分离中的应用     

李红雨  杨长保  吴燕冈  郇恒飞  高铁 《世界地质》2014,33(1):200-208

根据小波变换的原理,研究了小波阙值去噪方法和位场分离方法在某实测布格重力异常的应用及效果。多矩形棱柱体模型试验表明:选取合适的小波基和小波参数,可以更好地提取出重力异常中的有用信息,为下一步在实测重力数据中的应用提供理论基础。实测布格重力资料处理结果表明:基于小波变换的去噪方法和位场分离方法,能够较好地去除随机噪声,更好地区别出局部异常和区域异常,提高数据处理与解释中有用信号识别的精度。  相似文献   

A prediction model for debris flows triggered by a runoff-induced mechanism     

Bin Yu  Yuan Zhu  Tao Wang  Yuanjing Chen  Yunbo Zhu  Yongbo Tie  Ke Lu 《Natural Hazards》2014,74(2):1141-1161

Many debris flows were triggered within and also outside the Dayi area of the Guizhou Province, China, during a rainstorm in 2011. High-intensity short-duration rainfall was the main triggering factor for these gully-type debris flows which are probably triggered by a runoff-induced mechanism. A revised prediction model was introduced for this kind of gully-type debris flows with factors related to topography, geology, and hydrology (rainfall) and applied to the Wangmo River catchment. Regarding the geological factor, the “soft lithology” and “loose sediments” in the channel were added to the list of the average firmness coefficient for the lithology. Also, the chemical weathering was taken into account for the revised geological factor. Concerning the hydrological factor, a coefficient of variation of rainfall was introduced for the normalization of the rainfall factor. The prediction model for debris flows proposed in this paper delivered three classes of the probability of debris flow occurrence. The model was successfully validated in debris flow gullies with the same initiation mechanism in other areas of southwest China. The generic character of the model is explained by the fact that its factors are partly based on the initiation mechanisms and not only on the statistical analyses of a unique variety of local factors. The research provides a new way to predict the occurrence of debris flows initiated by a runoff-induced mechanism.  相似文献   

2013—2020年塔里木河流域胡杨林生态恢复成效评估          下载免费PDF全文

张久丹  李均力  包安明  白洁  刘铁  黄粤 《干旱区地理》2022,45(6):1824-1835

生态输水是塔里木河流域退化胡杨林生态恢复的主要措施,及时监测和准确评估其恢复成效是优化输水策略、完善胡杨林修复体系的关键。以2013年以来8个胡杨林区为研究对象,基于中高分辨率遥感数据监测不同胡杨林区生态输水前后植被面积、长势及植被覆盖度的时序变化,探讨胡杨林恢复与生态输水的关系。结果表明：（1） 2016年以来整个流域累计漫溢水面为2172.96 km²,占林区总面积的4.39%,主要分布在输水通道两侧及末端10 km范围内。（2） 输水前后林区植被整体呈现由退化到恢复的转变,林区生态恢复水平与年最大漫溢面积显著正相关。（3） 生态恢复成效评估表明,生态恢复最显著的区域是塔里木河中上游和叶尔羌河下游的夏马勒林场,但整个流域远离输水通道的胡杨林仍有退化趋势。合理规划输水通道建设,扩大胡杨林区的受水范围是退化胡杨林生态恢复的关键。  相似文献   

Response characteristics and tomographic monitoring of the electric capacitance after irrigation in the soil–plant (ginkgo tree) continuum in a laboratory     

Shi Yan Wu  Qi You Zhou  Gang Wang  Tie Ming Liu 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,68(3):655-666

The temporal and spatial variations of electrical capacitance of the soil–plant continuum in a laboratory were investigated. Based on a potted ginkgo tree with six irrigations, the electrical capacitance of the soil, trunk, and soil–trunk electrode pairs was measured, corresponding soil water content was computed, and spatial imaging was conducted. The soil electrical capacitance increases to a local maximum value immediately after irrigation, and then decreases gradually with time. During the late period of each drying procedure, there is a decussation area of high water content at the middle part of the circular region in the spatial imaging, which indicates root distribution in soil to some degree. Upon irrigation under a dry soil condition, the trunk electrical capacitance gradually increases for a period, and then begins to fluctuate with time; whereas, under a wet soil condition, it always fluctuates with time. Under a stable condition of overall change, the trunk electrical capacitance changes saltatorially and daily periodically. The temporal variation of the soil–trunk electrical capacitance exhibits both the character of soil and trunk.  相似文献   

CORS观测网络地壳运动监测系统研制及应用     

顾铁 《四川地震》2013,(4):20-24

以四川CORS观测网络为数据基础,结合GPS高精度数据处理技术及B／S技术架构,设计并实现了一套地壳运动在线监测系统。该地壳运动监测系统以GAMIT／GLOBK为数据处理引擎,实现各CORS站数据的高精度自动化解算,并通过WEB技术实现测站信息、基线序列以及坐标序列等的信息可视化表达。试验结果表明,该系统具备较好的运行稳定性和友好的人机交互性,可实现自动化的区域地壳运动监测。  相似文献   

川西坳陷中段三叠系雷口坡组—马鞍塘组油气地质条件及有利勘探目标分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

许国明  宋晓波  王琼仙 《海相油气地质》2012,(2):14-19

川西地区三叠系发育马鞍塘组滩相裂缝-孔隙型储层、雷口坡组顶部不整合面岩溶缝洞型储层以及雷口坡组台地边缘滩和台内滩相孔隙型储层等多套多种类型的碳酸盐岩储层,油气地质条件良好。认为川西坳陷中段孝新—合丰构造带主要以雷口坡组台内滩、不整合面岩溶储层及马鞍塘组滩相储层为主要勘探目标层系,其中孝泉、新场构造是近期该构造带最有利的勘探目标。坳陷西缘构造带主要以雷口坡组台缘滩及马鞍塘组浅滩相储层为主要勘探目标层系,圈闭面积较大的安县、鸭子河、大邑构造是该构造带风险勘探的有利目标。坳陷东坡构造带主要以雷口坡组台内滩相及不整合面岩溶储层为目标。  相似文献   

风云三号气象卫星红外分光计探测大气CO2浓度的通道敏感性分析     

戴铁  石广玉  漆成莉  徐娜  张兴赢  杨溯 《气候与环境研究》2011,16(5):577-585

依据红外分光计（InfraRed Atmospheric Sounder,IRAS）光谱通道特征,发展了基于IRAS的大气辐射传输计算模式。以大气分子吸收光谱数据集（HIgh resolution TRANsmission,HITRAN） 2004为初始谱线输入资料,利用该模式模拟计算IRAS在CO2 吸收带的10个通道辐射率测值对CO2浓度变化的响应,并对比了其与大气温度和水汽、O3等气体浓度误差对辐射率测值的影响,探讨了利用风云三号气象卫星探测大气CO2浓度的可行性。结果表明,IRAS的通道4最适于用来监测大气CO2浓度的变化,当CO2体积混合比浓度变化在10×10-6时,对应的辐射率变化同仪器等效噪声辐射率相当,所以IRAS在理想状态下,最高可分辨的大气CO2浓度变化约为10×10-6。  相似文献