Russian investigations in the field of atmospheric radiation in 2007–2010     

Yu. M. Timofeev  E. M. Shul’gina 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2013,49(1):16-32

A short survey prepared by the Russian Commission on Atmospheric Radiation contains the most significant results of works in the field of atmospheric-radiation studies performed in 2007–2010. It is part of the Russian National Report on Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences prepared for the International Association on Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences (IAMAS). During this period, the Russian Commission on Atmospheric Radiation, jointly with concerned departments and organizations, ran the conference “Physics and Education,” dedicated to the 75th anniversary of the Department of Physics at St. Petersburg State University (2007); the International Symposium of CIS Countries “Atmospheric Radiation and Dynamics” (2009); and the 5th International Conference “Atmospheric Physics, Climate, and Environment” (2010). At the conferences, central problems in modern atmosphere physics were discussed: radiative transfer and atmospheric optics; greenhouse gases, clouds, and aerosols; remote methods of measurements; and new measurement data. This survey presents five directions covering the whole spectrum of investigations performed in the field of atmospheric radiation.  相似文献   

Magnetized spherical body rotation in plasma     

V. B. Timofeev 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2009,49(2):196-199

The problem of isotropic plasma flow near a rotating magnetized ideally conducting spherical body has been numerically solved. The methods of lines and shooting have been used to construct the numerical solution. The effect of super-rotation, when the angular velocity of plasma is higher than that of spherical body rotation, is observed near the surface of this body.  相似文献   

Lithogenic thallium behavior in soils with different land use     

Aleš Vaněk  Vladislav Chrastný  Martin Mihaljevič  Petr Drahota  Tomáš Grygar  Michael Komárek 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2009

In order to evaluate the effect of different land use on lithogenic Tl geochemistry, two forest and grassland soils developed on an identical Tl-rich substrate were examined. For this purpose a complex soil-plant investigation supplemented by mineralogical methods was performed. The modified BCR sequential extraction combined with X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and voltammetry of microparticles (VMP) were performed for a detailed insight on lithogenic Tl speciation and availability in both contrasting soils. It was revealed that soil forming processes like bioturbation and probably dust deposition may influence the increased input of lithogenic Tl into the forest floor. Thallium was predominantly bound within the residual fraction (up to 95%) corresponding to primary silicates (mainly orthoclase and muscovite) and probably secondary illite, which were detected by XRD in all studied horizons. Thus, stable silicates can be thought as the phases controlling the solubility of lithogenic Tl in both the forest and grassland soils. The highest portion (~ 5%) of “labile” Tl was found in the organic horizons of the forest soil indicating a distinct role of forest soil organic matter (SOM) on Tl mobilization and availability. Thallium adsorption was dominated by an identified non-crystalline Mn(III,IV) oxide detected by VMP proving thus its strong affinity for Mn oxides in mineral soils. On the contrary, Tl adsorption by more abundant Fe(III) oxides (goethite and ferrihydrite) was evaluated to be negligible. Organically bound Tl in the forest floor was found to be associated with primary SOM corresponding to the raw and partially decomposed litter of Norway spruce (Picea abies L.). Moreover, a relatively high Tl uptake was recorded by this species. In contrast, lithogenic Tl uptake by common grasses like red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) or timothy grass (Phleum pratense L.) seems to be very low.  相似文献   

Estimation of the ice concentration for the example of the White Sea     

B. A. Kagan  A. A. Timofeev 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2007,43(1):119-123

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Satellite monitoring of the sea surface temperature using the NOAA satellite data     

N. A. Timofeev  M. V. Ivanchik  A. I. Sevostyanov  Yu. V. Kikhai 《Physical Oceanography》1991,2(5):375-386

A method of obtaining the operative sea surface temperature (SST)t using satellite scanner observations in the spectral ranges 3.53–3.94 m and 10.3–11.3 m is realized. The method represents a combination of McClainet al.'s formula (1983) and expressions suggested by the authors which describe the universal angular structures of the radiation temperature fields. The RMS error of reconstructingt at scanning angles of 0–55^o is equal to 0.2–0.3°C for atmospheric states corresponding to the SST variation within the limit 6–28°C. An atlas of temperature maps on the grid 0.5×0.5^o with temporal averaging from 5 days to 1 month is compiled using the data obtained on board the RVAkademik Vernadsky in the Atlantic Ocean in 1987–1989.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov.  相似文献   

Radiation Energetics of the Ocean–Atmosphere System and the Earth Derived from Satellite Data     

Timofeev  N. A.  Yurovsky  A. V. 《Physical Oceanography》2002,12(4):220-236

Within the framework of a correct model, by using long-term satellite information, we study the relations radiation–cloudiness, which are the most important characteristics of energy redistribution between the ocean and the atmosphere. They determine the spatial, seasonal, and interannual oscillations of solar and long-wave radiation in these media and stimulate circulation processes. The annual radiation regime of land and polar oceanic areas shows the present tendency towards global warming. On the average for a year, the radiation budget of the ocean–atmosphere system for the latitudinal zone between 63°N–63°S is stable towards significant variations of the conditions of cloudiness. In this region, the World Ocean acts as a factor stabilizing the global climate. The Earth represents a self-regulating system at the present stage of its evolution, and its climate varies slightly according to certain cycles.  相似文献   

Validation of Atmospheric Numerical Models Based on Satellite Measurements of Ozone Columns     

Ya. A. Virolainen  Yu. M. Timofeev  I. A. Berezin  S. P. Smyshlyaev  M. A. Motsakov  O. Kirner 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2018,43(3):161-167

The time series of ozone columns measured with the SBUV satellite instrument over three subarctic stations (Saint Petersburg, Harestua, and Kiruna) are analyzed. The daily and monthly mean ozone values in the layers of 0–25, 25–60, and 0–60 km are compared with the results of simulations with RSHU and EMAC numerical models for the period of 2000–2015. Model data are in good agreement with satellite data both in general and in the cases of rapid short-term ozone loss. However, there are some differences between the models and measurements as well as between the two considered models. These differences require the more detailed analysis in order to modify model parameters. Experimental data demonstrate the increase in ozone columns in the layer of 25–60 km which amounts to 2.1 ± 0.7, 2.4 ± 0.7, and 1.5 ± 0.8% per decade for Saint Petersburg, Harestua, and Kiruna stations, respectively. The results of numerical simulations do not contradict these estimates.  相似文献   

Estimation of Nocturnal Area Fluxes of Carbon Cycle Gases in Saint Petersburg Suburbs     

M. V. Makarova  D. K. Arabadzhyan  S. Ch. Foka  N. N. Paramonova  A. V. Poberovskii  Yu. M. Timofeev  N. V. Pankratova  V. S. Rakitin 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2018,43(7):449-455

Carbon dioxide, methane, and carbon monoxide are the carbon cycle gases, the data on their emissions are needed when monitoring air pollution and developing methods for reducing anthropogenic emissions to the atmosphere and for climate forecasting. The estimates of nocturnal area fluxes for CO₂, CH₄, and CO presented for a suburb of Saint Petersburg (Peterhof) are obtained using the box model and continuous observations of concentration of these gases. The mean values of CH₄, CO₂, and CO fluxes estimated for Peterhof for 2014–2015 are 44 ± 27, 6100 ± 4000, and 90 ± 100 t/(km² year), respectively. The intensity of the CO area flux has pronounced seasonal variations characterized by the maximum of ~(160 ± 120) t/(km² year) in November—February and by the minimum of ~(30 ± 20) t/(km² year) in June-July. The analysis of the ratio of CO/CO₂ fluxes identified the main types of anthropogenic sources typical of Peterhof: motor transport, natural gas combustion, and the use of wood stoves for the heating of private low-rise buildings (in the cold season).  相似文献   

Research of thermal processes in the soil during the development of oil fields in the Far North by the compression method with heating     

A. S. Filimonov  V. A. Tarasov  M. A. Komkov  V. A. Moiseev  M. P. Timofeev  R. V. Boyarskaya 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2016,52(8):862-868

In this paper, the hazard of adverse heat effect on permafrost soil as a result of viscous oil production in the Far North is studied with the method of thermocompression supply of superheated water steam to the oil-bearing layer. It is found that, due to the divergent nature of heat transfer and convective complex movement of air in the space between the tubing and the casing, the temperature of the latter in the area of load-bearing elements heated to 130°C is about 70°C. The heterogeneity of the temperature field is leveled up to 4–5% at a distance of 400–420 mm from the axis of the tubing. The thickness of the melting layer of ground ice within 90 days of operation of the tubing depends on the percentage of water-filled pores in the soil. With the minimum (10%) percentage of water-filled pores in the soil layer, the thickness of the ground ice melting layer for 90 days of operation of the tubing does not exceed 2.6 m.  相似文献   

On the circular Sitnikov problem: the alternation of stability and instability in the family of vertical motions     

Vladislav V. Sidorenko 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2011,109(4):367-384

This paper is devoted to the special case of the restricted circular three-body problem, when the two primaries are of equal mass, while the third body of negligible mass performs oscillations along a straight line perpendicular to the plane of the primaries (so called periodic vertical motions). The main goal of the paper is to study the stability of these periodic motions in the linear approximation. A special attention is given to the alternation of stability and instability within the family of periodic vertical motions, whenever their amplitude is varied in a continuous monotone manner.  相似文献