Tight oil play characterisation: the lower–middle Permian Lucaogou Formation in the Jimusar Sag,Junggar Basin,Northwest China     

T. Hu  X. Pang  X. Wang  H. Pang  Y. Liu  Y. Wang 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2016,63(3):349-365

The lower–middle Permian Lucaogou (P₂l) Formation is a “sandwich-type’’ combination of source rocks and reservoirs that is considered to be a potential tight oil reservoir in the Jimusar Sag (JS). We investigated the P₂l Formation using a designated workflow to assess its potential as a viable tight oil reservoir play using geological, petrographical, petrophysical, and geochemical characterisation of core samples. The results showed that the P₂l source rocks have a widespread distribution (up to 1500 km²), a huge thickness (up to 160 m), a relatively high abundance of organic matter (averaging 3.12 wt%), a good sapropelic quality, and a moderate thermal maturity. The reservoir consists mainly of dolomites and siltstones, predominantly characterised by secondary dissolved pores, with medium–high porosity (averaging 9.1%) and relative low permeability (averaging 0.26 mD), high abundance of brittle minerals (averaging 87.1%), and low abundance of clay minerals (averaging 11.2%) with low water sensitivity. The results demonstrate that in the JS area the P₂l Formation has great potential for tight oil production with its considerable hydrocarbon expulsion quantities, good oil storage capability, and reservoir frackability potential and provide a basis for further evaluation of the tight oil potential of the P₂l Formation in the wider Junggar Basin and for identifying similar plays elsewhere.  相似文献   

Biochar effects on metal bioaccumulation and arsenic speciation in alfalfa (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Medicago sativa L</Emphasis>.) grown in contaminated soil     

M. Ibrahim  S. Khan  X. Hao  G. Li 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2016,13(10):2467-2474

Mining and geogenic activities can lead to elevated concentrations of potentially toxic elements in soil. Biochar amendment to soil is a cost-effective technology and environmentally friendly approach to control soil pollution, improve phytoremediation and mitigate health risks due to agricultural products. Greenhouse pot experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of rice husk biochar on alfalfa biomass, metal bioaccumulation and arsenic speciation. Results indicated that rice husk biochar amendments to contaminated soil increased plants biomass by improving soil fertility and available nutrients. Biochar also increased soil cation change capacity, dissolved organic carbon, while decreased available concentrations of potentially toxic elements (except for arsenic). The accumulation of nickel, lead, cadmium and zinc (except for chromium and arsenic) significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased as compared with unamended control plants. In addition, increases were observed for inorganic arsenite and arsenate. Current findings demonstrate that rice husk biochar can be used as a beneficial amendment for contaminated soil. However, further field experiments are needed to validate its long-term effectiveness where environmental factors are diverse and complex.  相似文献   

<Superscript>1</Superscript>H NMR-based serum metabolic profiling of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Carassius auratus gibelio</Emphasis> under the toxicity of Pb<Superscript>2+</Superscript> and Cd<Superscript>2+</Superscript>     

S. A. Khan  X. Liu  H. Li  Y. Zhu  W. Fan  P. Zhou  Z. ur Rehman 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2016,13(11):2597-2608

Lead and cadmium are the two widely recognized toxic metals, with known ecological risk to freshwater fish in contaminated ecosystems. However, their effect at environmentally realistic level in a mixture has been rarely investigated. In the present study, serum metabolic responses of Crucian carp exposed to Pb (30 µgL^?1), Cd (100 µgL^?1) and Pb+Cd (30 + 100 µgL^?1) for 21 days were investigated by ¹H NMR-based metabolomics. The metabolic responses were compared to control by multivariate techniques (PCA, PLS-DA and OPLS-DA), and metabolites that significantly contributed to the variation were identified. Metal dependent metabolic responses revealed a decline of alanine, lysine and tyrosine in Pb exposed fish, indicating changes in neurotransmitters, and amino acid metabolism, while fish exposed to Cd showed significant decrease in lysine, isoleucine, leucine, alanine and increase in 3-hydroxybutyrate, acetone, lactate, choline, inosine, guanosine and threonine. The coexposure of Pb and Cd had additive effect on metabolic profile with increase in pyruvate, guanosine and inosine. The overall metabolic changes due to Pb and Cd were characterized by disturbed energy metabolism, impaired osmotic regulation and a shift from aerobic to anaerobic respiration. Moreover, ¹H NMR-based metabolomics was proved to be a powerful tool in elucidating the toxic effects of environmental pollutants and underlying mechanism.  相似文献   

Erratum to: Carbon Sequestration and Soil Accretion in Coastal Wetland Communities of the Yellow River Delta and Liaohe Delta,China     

S. Ye  E. A. Laws  N. Yuknis  X. Ding  H. Yuan  G. Zhao  J. Wang  X. Yu  S. Pei  R. D. DeLaune 《Estuaries and Coasts》2016,39(1):294-294

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Zircon geochemistry and U–Pb age at rare metal deposits of syenite in the Ukrainian Shield     

E. V. Levashova  S. G. Skublov  X. H. Li  S. G. Krivdik  D. K. Voznyak  A. A. Kulchitskaya  V. I. Alekseev 《Geology of Ore Deposits》2016,58(3):239-262

The distribution of rare and rare earth elements in zircon at the Yastrebets, Azov (Zr–REE–Y), and Perzhan (Be) rare metal deposits of the Ukrainian Shield was studied. Additional evidence for magmatic genesis of these deposits is obtained: unaltered zircon is characterized by a magmatic REE distribution spectrum with a somewhat higher δ¹⁸O value than that of the mantle (6.6‰ on average). The final formation stage of the deposit was marked by predominance of fluids enriched in Y, REE, Nb, and heavy oxygen, resulting in anomalous geochemical characteristics of zircon rims and alteration zones (up to 81500 Y ppm, over 10300 ppm Nb, and 13.9‰ δ¹⁸O). The age of zircon formed in ore-bearing Yastrebets and Azov nonnepheline syenite deposits was estimated at ~1770 Ma (U–Pb, SHRIMP-II).  相似文献   

Numerical simulation of a discontinuous gallery lining's behavior,and its interaction with rock          下载免费PDF全文

F. Salehnia  X. Sillen  X. L. Li  R. Charlier 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2017,41(15):1569-1589

Deep excavation in some geological media needs lining of the gallery. This could limit the extent of the so‐called excavation damaged zone and the resulting convergence of the material due to tunneling. Boom clay, the reference potential host rock in Belgium for disposal of high‐level radioactive waste, is one of these media for which lining of the gallery walls is essential. A correct simulation of the lining behavior in the course of the excavation process, where the rock comes into contact with the lining, and in the long term, remains a significant challenge in analysis of the whole coupled phenomena of rock in interaction with the lining. This study aims to numerically model the lining behavior. The main objective is to develop a model that could realistically simulate the behavior of a discontinuous lining made of concrete segments. We propose to numerically analyze the response of the blocks in contact with each other and in interaction with rock, with the use of zero‐thickness interface elements. To validate the developed model and a proposed approach, a particular analysis compares the obtained results with the available in situ measurements. This study then discusses the deficiency of the simplistic model that considers a continuous lining. In addition, regarding the contact mechanism on the interface between the rock and the lining, the obtained results demonstrate an interesting relation between the contact phenomena and the shear banding within the rock around the gallery. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Metamorphism of high‐P metagreywacke from the Eastern Himalayan syntaxis: phase equilibria and P–T path          下载免费PDF全文

Z. Tian  Z. Zhang  X. Dong 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2016,34(7):697-718

High‐pressure (HP) metagreywacke from the Namche Barwa Complex, Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis (EHS), consists of garnet, biotite, plagioclase, quartz, rutile and ilmenite with or without K‐feldspar, sillimanite, cordierite, spinel and orthopyroxene. Two types of metagreywacke are recognized: medium‐temperature (MT) and high‐temperature (HT) types. Garnet in the MT metagreywacke shows significant growth zoning and contains lower MgO than the weakly zoned garnet in the HT metagreywacke. Petrographic observations and phase equilibria modelling for four representative samples indicate that both types of metagreywacke experienced clockwise P–T paths subdivided into three stages: stage I is the pre‐peak prograde to pressure peak (P_max) stage characterized by progressive increase in P–T conditions. The P_max conditions are estimated using the garnet composition with maximum CaO, being 12.5–13.5 kbar and 685–725 °C for the MT metagreywacke, and 15–16 kbar and 825–835 °C for the HT one. Stage II is the post‐P_max decompression with heating or near‐isothermal to T_max stage and the T_max conditions, constrained using the garnet compositions with maximum MgO, are 11 kbar and 760 °C for the MT metagreywacke, and ~12 kbar and 830–845 °C for the HT one. The modelled mineral assemblages at T_max are garnet + biotite + K‐feldspar + rutile + plagioclase ± ilmenite in the presence of melt for both types of metagreywacke, consistent with the petrographic observations. Stage III is the post‐T_max retrograde metamorphism, characterized by decompression and cooling. The modelling suggests that the melts with high Na/K ratios (1.7–5.2) have been produced during stages I and II, which could be responsible for the formation of sodium‐rich leucogranites. This study and previous results indicate that the Higher Himalayan Crystallines in the EHS consist of MT–HP and HT–HP metamorphic units separated by a speculated tectonic contact. Petrological and structural discontinuities within the EHS cannot be easily interpreted with ‘tectonic aneurysm’ model.  相似文献   

Borehole Instability in Malmberget Underground Mine     

R. Ghosh  Z. X. Zhang  U. Nyberg 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2015,48(4):1731-1736

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Late Quaternary fluctuations of the Leeuwin Current and palaeoclimates on the adjacent land masses: Clay mineral evidence     

F. X. Gingele  P. De Deckker  C-D. Hillenbrand 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(6):867-874

Clay minerals eroded from soils by rivers and wind action become entrained in shallow‐ as well as deep‐water masses of the surrounding seas. Their pattern on the sea floor gives clues to their propagation by ocean currents. Clay mineral assemblages in sediment cores can be used as a useful proxy to decipher past changes in the intensity of ocean currents or in the nature of the palaeoclimatic processes on the adjacent landmasses. Three cores taken from beneath the path of the present‐day Leeuwin Current in the Timor Passage, from off the Australian North West Shelf and off the North West Cape of Western Australia are investigated. They provide a Late Quaternary record of environmental changes. Kaolinite and chlorite are transported into the Timor Passage today by the Indonesian Throughflow, while illite is provided locally from Timor. The Leeuwin Current leaves the Timor Passage with a characteristic clay mineral signature acquired in the Indonesian Archipelago (kaolinite, chlorite and illite). Uptake of clay minerals along its way through the Timor Sea, e.g. illite from the Kimberley area, changes this signature. South of North West Cape chlorite, injected by the rivers of the Pilbara region into the path of the Leeuwin Current, is prominent in surface sediments in less than 1000 m water depth and outlines the flow of the current today. During the last glacial period, the volume of the Indonesian Throughflow decreased and less kaolinite and chlorite reached the Timor Passage. Offshore from North West Cape, a reduction in chlorite during the last glacial may indicate a decrease or absence of the Leeuwin Current and/or a reduction in the input of chlorite due to drier conditions on land. A maximum of illite in recent sediments and the Holocene offshore from North West Cape results from the input of material from rivers periodically draining the adjacent hinterland. Again, a reduction in illite points to a drier climate in the area during the last glacial.  相似文献   

Research on Life Cycle Monitoring of Long Distance Diversion Tunnel Based on NFC Context-Awareness     

X. Y. Zheng  J. Shen 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2015,33(4):947-958

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